{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T10:54:08Z","timestamp":1788260048024,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]],"date-time":"2020-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","msard-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,19]],"date-time":"2020-09-19T02:51:52Z","timestamp":1600483912000},"page":"102524","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The Incidence of Transverse Sinus Stenosis in Multiple Sclerosis: Further Evidence of Pulse Wave Encephalopathy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Grant Alexander","family":"Bateman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeannette","family":"Lechner-Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander Robert","family":"Bateman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Attia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodney Arthur","family":"Lea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0001","article-title":"Multiple Sclerosis 2020","author":"Bateman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mendeley Data"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-002-0812-0","article-title":"Pulse-wave encephalopathy: a comparative study of the hydrodynamics of leukoaraiosis and normal-pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"44","author":"Bateman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-9877(03)00330-X","article-title":"Pulse wave encephalopathy: a spectrum hypothesis incorporating Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia and normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"62","author":"Bateman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Medical hypotheses"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5883","article-title":"Differences in the Calculated Transvenous Pressure Drop between Chronic Hydrocephalus and Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension","volume":"40","author":"Bateman","year":"2019","journal-title":"AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-017-0066-1","article-title":"Comparison of the sagittal sinus cross-sectional area between patients with multiple sclerosis, hydrocephalus, intracranial hypertension and spontaneous intracranial hypotension: a surrogate marker of venous transmural pressure?","volume":"14","author":"Bateman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fluids and barriers of the CNS"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-016-0041-2","article-title":"A comparison between the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis and normal pressure hydrocephalus: is pulse wave encephalopathy a component of MS?","volume":"13","author":"Bateman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fluids and barriers of the CNS"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-008-0374-x","article-title":"The venous manifestations of pulse wave encephalopathy: windkessel dysfunction in normal aging and senile dementia","volume":"50","author":"Bateman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-020-00194-4","article-title":"The incidence of significant venous sinus stenosis and cerebral hyperemia in childhood hydrocephalus: prognostic value with regards to differentiating active from compensated disease","volume":"17","author":"Bateman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fluids and barriers of the CNS"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13236","article-title":"Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension in Children and Adolescents: An Update","volume":"58","author":"Cleves-Bayon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cooper, L.L., Mitchell, G.F., 2016. Aortic Stiffness, Cerebrovascular Dysfunction, and Memory. Pulse (Basel, Switzerland) 4(2-3), 69-77, doi:10.1159\/000448176.","DOI":"10.1159\/000448176"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-019-03775-w","article-title":"Dural sinus collapsibility, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, and the pathogenesis of chronic migraine","volume":"40","author":"De Simone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurological sciences: official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2015-012147","article-title":"Prevalence of dural venous sinus stenosis and hypoplasia in a generalized population","volume":"8","author":"Durst","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of neurointerventional surgery"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.95","article-title":"Concomitant analysis of arterial, venous, and CSF flows using phase-contrast MRI: a quantitative comparison between MS patients and healthy controls","volume":"33","author":"ElSankari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism: official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A0621","article-title":"The venous distension sign: a diagnostic sign of intracranial hypotension at MR imaging of the brain","volume":"28","author":"Farb","year":"2007","journal-title":"AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182a55f17","article-title":"Revised diagnostic criteria for the pseudotumor cerebri syndrome in adults and children","volume":"81","author":"Friedman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-019-00110-1","article-title":"Cerebral venous congestion promotes blood-brain barrier disruption and neuroinflammation, impairing cognitive function in mice","volume":"41","author":"Fulop","year":"2019","journal-title":"GeroScience"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827b916f","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis shrinks intralesional, and enlarges extralesional, brain parenchymal veins","volume":"80","author":"Gait\u00e1n","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2005.05136.x","article-title":"The association of brainstem lesions with migraine-like headache: an imaging study of multiple sclerosis","volume":"45","author":"Gee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0019","series-title":"Textbook of Medical Physiology","author":"Guyton","year":"2000"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458512436596","article-title":"High body mass index before age 20 is associated with increased risk for multiple sclerosis in both men and women","volume":"18","author":"Hedstr\u00f6m","year":"2012","journal-title":"Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2011.07.004","article-title":"Pulse pressure is associated with walking impairment in multiple sclerosis","volume":"309","author":"Heffernan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of the neurological sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0022","series-title":"Introduction to fluid mechanics: 4th edition","author":"Janna","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00782","article-title":"Early detection of microstructural white matter changes associated with arterial pulsatility","volume":"7","author":"Jolly","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in human neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.2174\/1567202612666150311113205","article-title":"Is there a pulse wave encephalopathy component to multiple sclerosis?","volume":"12","author":"Juurlink","year":"2015","journal-title":"Current neurovascular research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.03.015","article-title":"Transorbital ultrasonography in acute optic neuritis: Can it be a supportive diagnostic tool?","volume":"31","author":"Kwon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Multiple sclerosis and related disorders"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-019-04095-w","article-title":"Coupling of CSF and sagittal sinus pressure in adult patients with pseudotumour cerebri","volume":"162","author":"Lalou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta neurochirurgica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2017.02.008","article-title":"Presence of central veins and susceptibility weighted imaging for evaluating lesions in multiple sclerosis and leukoaraiosis","volume":"13","author":"Lamot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Multiple sclerosis and related disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1088\/0143-0807\/28\/3\/014","article-title":"Viscous flow through pipes of various cross-sections","volume":"28","author":"Lekner","year":"2007","journal-title":"European Journal of Physics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00669","article-title":"Pulse Pressure: An Emerging Therapeutic Target for Dementia","volume":"14","author":"Levin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458514564485","article-title":"A systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of cardiac, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular disease in multiple sclerosis","volume":"21","author":"Marrie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-211-85578-2_23","article-title":"Noninvasive estimation of intracranial compliance in idiopathic NPH using MRI","volume":"102","author":"Mase","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta neurochirurgica. Supplement"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.27.6.1069","article-title":"Mechanics of distension of dog veins and other very thin-walled tubular structures","volume":"27","author":"Moreno","year":"1970","journal-title":"Circulation research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073816681936","article-title":"Comparison of Cerebrospinal Fluid Opening Pressure in Children With Demyelinating Disease to Children With Primary Intracranial Hypertension","volume":"32","author":"Morgan-Followell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of child neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-014-7460-2","article-title":"Detailing intra-lesional venous lumen shrinking in multiple sclerosis investigated by sFLAIR MRI at 7-T","volume":"261","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2015.01.002","article-title":"Elevated cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure in a pediatric demyelinating disease cohort","volume":"52","author":"Narula","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatric neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/00041327-199412000-00001","article-title":"Association of multiple sclerosis and intracranial hypertension","volume":"14","author":"Newman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of neuro-ophthalmology: the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00278","article-title":"Comparison of Ocular Ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Detection of Increased Intracranial Pressure","volume":"9","author":"Patterson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0800758","article-title":"The relationship between obesity and idiopathic intracranial hypertension","volume":"23","author":"Rowe","year":"1999","journal-title":"International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders: journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2017.04.008","article-title":"First study on the peptidergic innervation of the brain superior sagittal sinus in humans","volume":"65","author":"Sampaolo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropeptides"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.2478","article-title":"Evaluation of the Central Vein Sign as a Diagnostic Imaging Biomarker in Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"76","author":"Sinnecker","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0041","first-page":"23","article-title":"[Efferent methods of the treatment of cerebrospinal fluid hypertension in exacerbation of multiple sclerosis]","volume":"91","author":"Skoromets","year":"1991","journal-title":"Zhurnal nevropatologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova (Moscow, Russia: 1952)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0042","series-title":"Pipeline design for water engineers: third revised and undated edition","author":"Stephenson","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.12703\/P5-20","article-title":"Pathoetiology of multiple sclerosis: are we barking up the wrong tree?","volume":"5","author":"Stys","year":"2013","journal-title":"F1000prime reports"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.31","article-title":"What went wrong? The flawed concept of cerebrospinal venous insufficiency","volume":"33","author":"Valdueza","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism: official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-8118-8-5","article-title":"The pulsating brain: A review of experimental and clinical studies of intracranial pulsatility","volume":"8","author":"Wagshul","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fluids and barriers of the CNS"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1051\/ject\/200941092","article-title":"Carotid artery diameter, plaque morphology, and hematocrit, in addition to percentage stenosis, predict reduced cerebral perfusion pressure during cardiopulmonary bypass: a mathematical model","volume":"41","author":"Warwick","year":"2009","journal-title":"The journal of extra-corporeal technology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2018-013858","article-title":"Venous waveform morphological changes associated with treatment of symptomatic venous sinus stenosis","volume":"10","author":"West","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of neurointerventional surgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2013.11.002","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis: current and emerging disease-modifying therapies and treatment strategies","volume":"89","author":"Wingerchuk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mayo Clinic proceedings"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh007","article-title":"Changes in cerebral perfusion precede plaque formation in multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal perfusion MRI study","volume":"127","author":"Wuerfel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain: a journal of neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.157164","article-title":"Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"80","author":"Zamboni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034820305988?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034820305988?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T08:53:14Z","timestamp":1761900794000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211034820305988"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S2211034820305988"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-0348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-0348","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Incidence of Transverse Sinus Stenosis in Multiple Sclerosis: Further Evidence of Pulse Wave Encephalopathy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102524","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102524"}}