{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T02:42:10Z","timestamp":1781664130315,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004337","name":"Roche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004337","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008087","name":"Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008087","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","msard-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]],"date-time":"2021-09-08T04:33:44Z","timestamp":1631075624000},"page":"103258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: A nationwide Portuguese clinical epidemiological study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Ernestina","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Lu\u00edsa","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Ferro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Sam\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00f3nia","family":"Figueiroa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Mendon\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joao","family":"Dur\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00edvia","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"de S\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filipa","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Sequeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Sofia","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Lu\u00edsa","family":"Andr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Bas\u00edlio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Arenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas Br\u00e1s","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Perdig\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Felgueiras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iv\u00e2nia","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filipe","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e2ndida","family":"Barroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armando","family":"Morganho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e1tia","family":"Carmona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filipe","family":"Palavra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasco","family":"Salgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adelaide","family":"Palos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hip\u00f3lito","family":"Nzwalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Tim\u00f3teo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Guerreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Isidoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Boleixa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esmeralda","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Martins","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Isabel","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Jos\u00e9","family":"S\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103258_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2016.12.014","article-title":"Neuromyelitis spectrum disorders","volume":"92","author":"Weinshenker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103258_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-014-0483-3","article-title":"Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders","volume":"14","author":"Flanagan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103258_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31825644ff","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a multicenter study of 16 patients","volume":"78","author":"Leite","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103258_bib0004","first-page":"820","article-title":"Aquaporin 4 and neuromyelitis optica","volume":"53","author":"Papadopoulos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103258_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001729","article-title":"International consensus diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders","volume":"85","author":"Wingerchuk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103258_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2265","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006645","article-title":"Nationwide prevalence and incidence study of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in Denmark","volume":"91","author":"Papp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103258_bib0007","first-page":"1","article-title":"MOG-IgG in NMO and related disorders: a multicenter study of 50 patients. Part 1: frequency, syndrome specificity, influence of disease activity, long-term course, association with AQP4-IgG, and origin","volume":"13","author":"Jarius","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103258_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000101","article-title":"Distinction between MOG antibody-positive and AQP4 antibody-positive NMO spectrum disorders","volume":"82","author":"Sato","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103258_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-013-7169-7","article-title":"Update on the diagnosis and treatment of neuromyelitis optica: recommendations of the Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group (NEMOS)","volume":"261","author":"Trebst","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103258_bib0010","unstructured":"INE, Turismo de Portugal I. Statistics Portugal. As pessoas - 2018. 2020. 35 p."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103258_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001729","article-title":"International consensus diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders","volume":"85","author":"Wingerchuk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103258_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00501","article-title":"Epidemiology of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and its prevalence and incidence worldwide","volume":"11","author":"Hor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103258_bib0013","article-title":"Worldwide incidence and prevalence of NMO: a systematic review","author":"Papp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103258_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517735191","article-title":"Epidemiology of NMOSD in Catalonia: influence of the new 2015 criteria in incidence and prevalence estimates","volume":"24","author":"Sep\u00falveda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103258_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2017.10.007","article-title":"Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders in Iran","volume":"18","author":"Eskandarieh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103258_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2016-314839","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of NMOSD in Australia and New Zealand","volume":"88","author":"Bukhari","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103258_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2017.10.015","article-title":"Prevalence of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in the multi-ethnic Penang Island, Malaysia, and a review of worldwide prevalence","volume":"19","author":"Hor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103258_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004611","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical features of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders in northern Japan","volume":"89","author":"Houzen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103258_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e181","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007746","article-title":"Epidemiology of NMOSD in Sweden from 1987 to 2013","volume":"93","author":"Jonsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103258_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01338","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1338","article-title":"Epidemiology of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in Denmark (1998\u20132008, 2007\u20132014)","author":"Asgari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103258_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12903","article-title":"Incidence of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in the Central Denmark Region","volume":"137","author":"Dale","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103258_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2012.249","article-title":"Effects of age and sex on aquaporin-4 autoimmunity","volume":"69","author":"Quek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103258_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.5.1107","article-title":"The clinical course of neuromyelitis optica (Devic\u2019s syndrome)","volume":"53","author":"Wingerchuk","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034821005253?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034821005253?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T09:02:42Z","timestamp":1761901362000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211034821005253"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["S2211034821005253"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103258","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-0348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-0348","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: A nationwide Portuguese clinical epidemiological study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103258","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103258"}}