{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T08:39:33Z","timestamp":1778747973086,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","msard-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]],"date-time":"2022-08-09T12:10:41Z","timestamp":1660047041000},"page":"104100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein correlates with retinal structural damage in aquaporin-4 antibody positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9605-8095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting-Yi","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Schindler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Grittner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederike C.","family":"Oertel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyedamirhosein","family":"Motamedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunil Kumar","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ankelien S.","family":"Duchow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Jarius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Kuhle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Benkert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander U.","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Bellmann-Strobl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Schmitz-H\u00fcbsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Friedemann","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klemens","family":"Ruprecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0276-8051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanna G.","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0214-9","article-title":"Neuromyelitis optica","volume":"6","author":"Jarius","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00218-0","article-title":"Myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease","volume":"20","author":"Marignier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100_bib0003","first-page":"1","article-title":"MOG-IgG in NMO and related disorders: a multicenter study of 50 patients. Part 2: epidemiology, clinical presentation, radiological and laboratory features, treatment responses, and long-term outcome","volume":"13","author":"Jarius","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-021-00295-8","article-title":"Network meta-analysis of food and drug administration-approved treatment options for adults with aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder","volume":"11","author":"Wingerchuk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001729","article-title":"International consensus diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders","volume":"85","author":"Wingerchuk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0720-6","article-title":"MOG-IgG in NMO and related disorders: a multicenter study of 50 patients. Part 4: afferent visual system damage after optic neuritis in MOG-IgG-seropositive versus AQP4-IgG-seropositive patients","volume":"13","author":"Pache","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10371","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46251-3","article-title":"In vivo structural and functional assessment of optic nerve damage in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and multiple sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Vabanesi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2021.1982697","article-title":"Retinal optical coherence tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and MOG-antibody associated disorders: an updated review","volume":"21","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Neurother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e805","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000805","article-title":"Altered fovea in AQP4-IgG-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders","volume":"7","author":"Motamedi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520977771","article-title":"Evidence of subclinical quantitative retinal layer abnormalities in AQP4-IgG seropositive NMOSD","volume":"27","author":"Filippatou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-318382","article-title":"Retinal ganglion cell loss in neuromyelitis optica: a longitudinal study","volume":"89","author":"Oertel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.01.005","article-title":"GFAP in health and disease","volume":"93","author":"Middeldorp","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1299","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008160","article-title":"Serum GFAP and neurofilament light as biomarkers of disease activity and disability in NMOSD","volume":"93","author":"Watanabe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e708","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000708","article-title":"Serum biomarkers in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease","volume":"7","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02138-7","article-title":"Serum GFAP and NfL as disease severity and prognostic biomarkers in patients with aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder","volume":"18","author":"Schindler","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26067","article-title":"Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein: a neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder biomarker","volume":"89","author":"Aktas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1144-2","article-title":"MOG encephalomyelitis: international recommendations on diagnosis and antibody testing","volume":"15","author":"Jarius","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.01.002","article-title":"Standardized method for the detection of antibodies to aquaporin-4 based on a highly sensitive immunofluorescence assay employing recombinant target antigen","volume":"291","author":"Jarius","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0717-1","article-title":"MOG-IgG in NMO and related disorders: a multicenter study of 50 patients. Part 1: frequency, syndrome specificity, influence of disease activity, long-term course, association with AQP4-IgG, and origin","volume":"13","author":"Jarius","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24954","article-title":"Serum Neurofilament light: a biomarker of neuronal damage in multiple sclerosis","volume":"81","author":"Disanto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458514538110","article-title":"Quality control for retinal OCT in multiple sclerosis: validation of the OSCAR-IB criteria","volume":"21","author":"Schippling","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585211028831","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography indicates subclinical retinal disease in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders","volume":"28","author":"Aly","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012125","article-title":"The APOSTEL 2.0 recommendations for reporting quantitative optical coherence tomography studies","volume":"97","author":"Aytulun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4181","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.8.004181","article-title":"CuBe: parametric modeling of 3D foveal shape using cubic B\u00e9zier","volume":"8","author":"Yadav","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10633-016-9553-y","article-title":"ISCEV standard for clinical visual evoked potentials: (2016 update)","volume":"133","author":"Odom","year":"2016","journal-title":"Doc. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2382","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy154","article-title":"Serum neurofilament as a predictor of disease worsening and brain and spinal cord atrophy in multiple sclerosis","volume":"141","author":"Barro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14766","article-title":"Foveal changes in aquaporin-4 antibody seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder are independent of optic neuritis and not overtly progressive","volume":"28","author":"Roca-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577702","article-title":"Evidence for and against subclinical disease activity and progressive disease in MOG antibody disease and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder","volume":"360","author":"Molazadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181e2414b","article-title":"Astrocytic damage is far more severe than demyelination in NMO: a clinical CSF biomarker study","volume":"75","author":"Takano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458515581438","article-title":"Treatment of acute relapses in neuromyelitis optica: steroids alone versus steroids plus plasma exchange","volume":"22","author":"Abboud","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e407","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008684","article-title":"Longitudinal optic neuritis-unrelated visual evoked potential changes in NMO spectrum disorders","volume":"94","author":"Ringelstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517727604","article-title":"Bidirectional degeneration in the visual pathway in neuromyelitis optica spectrum","volume":"24","author":"Tian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3481","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.01221","article-title":"Under stress, the absence of intermediate filaments from M\u00fcller cells in the retina has structural and functional consequences","volume":"117","author":"Lundkvist","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3659","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-1474","article-title":"Abnormal reactivity of M\u00fcller cells after retinal detachment in mice deficient in GFAP and vimentin","volume":"49","author":"Verardo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1068","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001068","article-title":"Retinal optical coherence tomography in neuromyelitis optica","volume":"8","author":"Oertel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02450-w","article-title":"CSF GFAP levels in double seronegative neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: no evidence of astrocyte damage","volume":"19","author":"Hyun","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034822006083?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034822006083?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T09:03:47Z","timestamp":1761901427000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211034822006083"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S2211034822006083"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-0348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-0348","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein correlates with retinal structural damage in aquaporin-4 antibody positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104100","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104100"}}