{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T17:33:22Z","timestamp":1783791202853,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2018R1A5A2023127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2018R1A5A2023127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019637","name":"Horizon Therapeutics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019637","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011110","name":"UCB","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011110","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","msard-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]],"date-time":"2022-08-21T09:41:54Z","timestamp":1661074914000},"page":"104141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Onset of various CNS inflammatory demyelination diseases following COVID-19 vaccinations"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6428-061X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ki Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0679-0918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Su-Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na Young","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Won","family":"Hyun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8672-8419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ho Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104141_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585211003476","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis: what we have learnt by February 2021","volume":"27","author":"Achiron","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104141_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-014-0224-x","article-title":"Influenza-associated MOG antibody-positive longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis: a case report","volume":"14","author":"Amano","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104141_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14711","article-title":"Allergic reactions to the first COVID-19 vaccine: a potential role of polyethylene glycol?","volume":"76","author":"Cabanillas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104141_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3537","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-021-05427-4","article-title":"Watch out for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder after inactivated virus vaccination for COVID-19","volume":"42","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104141_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585211057512","article-title":"MOG-antibody-associated longitudinal extensive myelitis after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination","volume":"28","author":"Dams","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104141_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2021-327200","article-title":"mRNA COVID-19 vaccines do not increase the short-term risk of clinical relapses in multiple sclerosis","volume":"93","author":"Di Filippo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104141_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2022.37.e52","article-title":"Case reports of acute transverse myelitis associated with mRNA vaccine for COVID-19","volume":"37","author":"Eom","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104141_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9091008","article-title":"Acute transverse myelitis following COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"9","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104141_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/cen3.12682","article-title":"Optic neuritis after COVID-19 vaccine application","volume":"13","author":"Garc\u00eda-Estrada","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Neuroimmunol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104141_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57101010","article-title":"Acute transverse myelitis after COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"57","author":"Hsiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104141_bib0011","article-title":"A systematic review of cases of CNS demyelination following COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"362","author":"Ismail","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104141_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1144-2","article-title":"MOG encephalomyelitis: international recommendations on diagnosis and antibody testing","volume":"15","author":"Jarius","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104141_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10780-7","article-title":"COVID-19 mRNA vaccination leading to CNS inflammation: a case series","volume":"269","author":"Khayat-Khoei","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104141_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.101939","article-title":"Refining cell-based assay to detect MOG-IgG in patients with central nervous system inflammatory diseases","volume":"40","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104141_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2017.13.2.175","article-title":"Large-scale in-house cell-based assay for evaluating the serostatus in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder based on new diagnostic criteria","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurol."},{"issue":"10269","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104141_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32623-4","article-title":"Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine efficacy","volume":"397","author":"Knoll","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104141_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25865","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000025865","article-title":"Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated optic neuritis in a COVID-19 patient: a case report","volume":"100","author":"Kogure","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104141_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-09755-x","article-title":"MOG encephalomyelitis: distinct clinical, MRI and CSF features in patients with longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis as first clinical presentation","volume":"267","author":"Loos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104141_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.765954","article-title":"Case report: multiple sclerosis relapses after vaccination against SARS-CoV2: a series of clinical cases","volume":"12","author":"Nistri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104141_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2022.18.1.114","article-title":"Autoimmune encephalitis as an adverse event of COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"18","author":"Shin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurol."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104141_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1177\/00099228211037210","article-title":"Acute demyelinating syndrome (MOG antibody positive) associated with COVID-19 infection: a widening spectrum","volume":"60","author":"Sinha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104141_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2021.108665","article-title":"Do COVID-19 RNA-based vaccines put at risk of immune-mediated diseases? In reply to \"potential antigenic cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 and human tissue with a possible link to an increase in autoimmune diseases\"","volume":"224","author":"Talotta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104141_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00526-x","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccines: modes of immune activation and future challenges","volume":"21","author":"Teijaro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104141_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2","article-title":"Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria","volume":"17","author":"Thompson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"10269","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104141_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32661-1","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK","volume":"397","author":"Voysey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104141_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9050435","article-title":"Immune-mediated disease flares or new-onset disease in 27 subjects following mRNA\/DNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination","volume":"9","author":"Watad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104141_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001729","article-title":"International consensus diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders","volume":"85","author":"Wingerchuk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104141_bib0028","first-page":"349","article-title":"Optic neuritis in a patient with seropositive myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody during the post-COVID-19 period","volume":"14","author":"\u017dori\u0107","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Med. Case Rep. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104141_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26182","article-title":"Postvaccinal encephalitis after ChAdOx1 nCov-19","volume":"90","author":"Zuhorn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034822006484?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034822006484?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T10:28:39Z","timestamp":1778840919000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211034822006484"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S2211034822006484"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104141","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-0348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-0348","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Onset of various CNS inflammatory demyelination diseases following COVID-19 vaccinations","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104141","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104141"}}