{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T02:24:14Z","timestamp":1775183054734,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":187,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","msard-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T20:35:27Z","timestamp":1669062927000},"page":"104425","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The impact of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8872-8711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Baker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eugenia","family":"Forte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gareth","family":"Pryce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angray S.","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louisa K.","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gavin","family":"Giovannoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Schmierer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(22)00186-2","article-title":"Effect of a 2-week interruption in methotrexate treatment versus continued treatment on COVID-19 booster vaccine immunity in adults with inflammatory conditions (VROOM study): a randomised, open label, superiority trial","author":"Abhishek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0045","article-title":"Humoral immune response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with high-efficacy disease-modifying therapies","volume":"14","author":"Achiron","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Neurol. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11030-0","article-title":"Immune response to the third COVID-19 vaccine dose is related to lymphocyte count in multiple sclerosis patients treated with fingolimod","volume":"269","author":"Achiron","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10020341","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in people with multiple sclerosis treated with fingolimod: protective humoral immune responses may develop after the preferred third shot","volume":"10","author":"Achtnichts","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"issue":"3S","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0112","first-page":"347","article-title":"Different type and timing of S1P receptor modulator therapy impacts T and B cell response after SARS-CoV2 vaccination P316","volume":"28","author":"Akg\u00fcn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Multip. Scler. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s12308-019-00354-y","article-title":"Evaluation of S1PR1, pSTAT3, S1PR2, FOXP1 expression in aggressive, mature B cell lymphomas","volume":"12","author":"Al-Kawaaz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hematop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-019-01140-x","article-title":"First global approval","volume":"79","author":"Al-Salama","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drugs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20092210","article-title":"S1P1 receptor directs the release of immature B cells from bone marrow into blood","volume":"207","author":"Allende","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13523","article-title":"Innate immunity during SARS-CoV-2: evasion strategies and activation trigger hypoxia and vascular damage","volume":"202","author":"Amor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0177","series-title":"Ponvory Summary of Medical Product Characteristics","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00460-6","article-title":"Risk factors and disease profile of post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infection in UK users of the COVID Symptom Study app: a prospective, community-based, nested, case-control study","volume":"22","author":"Antonelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.01.042","article-title":"Memory B cells are major targets for effective immunotherapy in relapsing multiple sclerosis","volume":"16","author":"Baker","year":"2017","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102174","article-title":"The underpinning biology relating to multiple sclerosis disease modifying treatments during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"43","author":"Baker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13495","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine-readiness for anti-CD20-depleting therapy in autoimmune diseases","volume":"202","author":"Baker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1093\/cei\/uxab015","article-title":"Seroconversion following COVID-19 vaccination: can we optimize protective response in CD20-treated individuals?","volume":"207","author":"Baker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0109","article-title":"Evaluating humoral immune response to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in siponimod-treated patients with advancing forms of relapsing multiple sclerosis: a COVID-19 vaccine sub-study of phase 3b EXCHANGE trial","author":"Bar-Or","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACTRIMS Forum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-019-00160-9","article-title":"Fingolimod rebound: a review of the clinical experience and management considerations","volume":"8","author":"Barry","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9622","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-13680-6","article-title":"Remdesivir for the treatment of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 receiving supplemental oxygen: a targeted literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Beckerman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3S","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0080","first-page":"637","article-title":"COVID-19 outcomes in fingolimod- or siponimod-treated patients: clinical trial and post marketing cases P726","volume":"28","author":"Berger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"15 Supplement","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0082","first-page":"90","article-title":"Siponimod and fingolimod down regulate S1P1 but no effect on S1P5","author":"Bigaud","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1055","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001055","article-title":"Impact of disease-modifying treatments of multiple sclerosis on anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: an observational study","volume":"8","author":"Bigaut","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2016.01.002","article-title":"Sphingosine 1-phospate differentially modulates maturation and function of human Langerhans-like cells","volume":"82","author":"Bock","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4198","DOI":"10.1021\/jm100181s","article-title":"2-imino-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives as potent, orally active S1P1 receptor agonists","volume":"53","author":"Bolli","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270011427908","article-title":"Pharmacodynamic effects of steady-state fingolimod on antibody response in healthy volunteers: a 4-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multiple-dose study","volume":"52","author":"Boulton","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21453","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C200176200","article-title":"The immune modulator FTY720 targets sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors","volume":"277","author":"Brinkmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12129","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ponesimod, a selective S1P1 receptor modulator, in the first-in-human study","volume":"76","author":"Brossard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585211049391","article-title":"Humoral immune response after COVID-19 in multiple sclerosis: a nation-wide Austrian study","volume":"27","author":"Bsteh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15488","article-title":"Impact of vaccination on COVID-19 outcome in multiple sclerosis","author":"Bsteh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11296-4","article-title":"Humoral response and safety of the third booster dose of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with ocrelizumab or fingolimod","author":"Capuano","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-09-1110","article-title":"Targeted disruption of the S1P 2 sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor gene leads to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma formation","volume":"69","author":"Cattoretti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4629","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.73583","article-title":"Humoral and cellular immune responses of COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant: a systemic review","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01704-7","article-title":"Neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant BA.1 following homologous and heterologous CoronaVac or BNT162b2 vaccination","volume":"28","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04060-7","article-title":"Anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain antibody evolution after mRNA vaccination","volume":"600","author":"Cho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1014154108","article-title":"FTY720 (fingolimod) efficacy in an animal model of multiple sclerosis requires astrocyte sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) modulation","volume":"108","author":"Choi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1542","article-title":"Follicular shuttling of marginal zone B cells facilitates antigen transport","volume":"9","author":"Cinamon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202049148","article-title":"Antigen-dependent multistep differentiation of T follicular helper cells and its role in SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination","volume":"51","author":"Cohan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0081","unstructured":"Cree B.A., Selmaj K.W., Steinman L., Comi G., Bar-Or A., Arnold D.L., Hartung H.P., Montal X., Havrdova E.K., Desai H., Sheffield J.K., Minton N., Cheng C.Y., Silva D., Kappos L., Cohen J.A. COVID-19 infections and vaccinations among patients receiving ozanimod in the daybreak open-label extension study P387. Mult. Scler. 2022*, 28 (3S):401\u2013402."},{"issue":"3S","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0111","first-page":"973","article-title":"Serologic response and clinical outcomes of sars-cov-2 infection and vaccination in ozanimod-treated participants with relapsing multiple sclerosis","volume":"28","author":"Cree","year":"2022","journal-title":"P1199 Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-020711-075011","article-title":"Sphingosine-1-phosphate and lymphocyte egress from lymphoid organs","volume":"30","author":"Cyster","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.5603\/PJNNS.a2021.0031","article-title":"Clinical course and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in multiple sclerosis patients treated with disease-modifying therapies - the Polish experience","volume":"55","author":"Czarnowska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol. Neurochir. Pol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.18433\/jpps32011","article-title":"Simulation of remdesivir pharmacokinetics and its drug interactions","volume":"24","author":"Deb","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.888248","article-title":"Natural killer cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection: pathophysiology and therapeutic implications","volume":"13","author":"Di Vito","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1515\/hsz-2014-0271","article-title":"S1PR4 is required for plasmacytoid dendritic cell differentiation","volume":"396","author":"Dillmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13819","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis - a review","volume":"26","author":"Dobson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200939858","article-title":"S1P3 confers differential S1P-induced migration by autoreactive and non-autoreactive immature B cells and is required for normal B-cell development","volume":"40","author":"Donovan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.11.022","article-title":"S1PR5 is essential for human natural killer cell migration toward sphingosine-1 phosphate","volume":"141","author":"Drouillard","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.4103\/2008-7802.172539","article-title":"Effect of fingolimod on platelet count among multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"6","author":"Farrokhi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00311-5","article-title":"Monoclonal antibody therapies against SARS-CoV-2","author":"Focosi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-021-00700-0","article-title":"Cross-reactive antibody immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in children and adults","volume":"18","author":"Fraley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-018-0700-3","article-title":"Effect of fluconazole coadministration and CYP2C9 genetic polymorphism on siponimod pharmacokinetics in healthy subjects","volume":"58","author":"Gardin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103458","article-title":"Impact of mass vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 infections among multiple sclerosis patients taking immunomodulatory disease-modifying therapies in England","volume":"57","author":"Garjani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0156","first-page":"ciac262","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 naturally acquired immunity vs. vaccine-induced immunity, reinfections versus breakthrough infections: a retrospective cohort Study","author":"Gazit","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4260","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-11-3577","article-title":"Proliferation and differentiation potential of human CD8+ memory T-cell subsets in response to antigen or homeostatic cytokines","volume":"101","author":"Geginat","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2012.02061.x","article-title":"The selective sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator BAF312 redirects lymphocyte distribution and has species-specific effects on heart rate","volume":"167","author":"Gergely","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.103803","article-title":"How important are COVID-19 vaccine responses in patients with MS on disease-modifying therapies?","volume":"63","author":"Giovannoni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041483","article-title":"The sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) lysophospholipid receptor S1P3 regulates MAdCAM-1+ endothelial cells in splenic marginal sinus organization","volume":"200","author":"Girkontaite","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0139","first-page":"4701","article-title":"Shaping of terminal megakaryocyte differentiation and proplatelet development by sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor S1P4","volume":"24","author":"Golfier","year":"2010","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51628","article-title":"Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review\/meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Gombolay","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00807","article-title":"Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors and metabolic enzymes as druggable targets for brain diseases","volume":"10","author":"Grassi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2012.01114.x","article-title":"S1PR2 links germinal center confinement and growth regulation","volume":"247","author":"Green","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2047","article-title":"The sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor S1P\u2082 maintains the homeostasis of germinal center B cells and promotes niche confinement","volume":"12","author":"Green","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e839","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000839","article-title":"Effect of the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator ozanimod on leukocyte subtypes in relapsing MS","volume":"7","author":"Harris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02657-X","article-title":"Caution required with use of ritonavir-boosted PF-07321332 in COVID-19 management","volume":"399","author":"Heskin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5414\/CP204239","article-title":"Drug-drug interaction between remdesivir and immunosuppressant agents in a kidney transplant recipient","author":"Hirai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0228380","article-title":"Treatment effects of fingolimod in multiple sclerosis: selective changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets","volume":"15","author":"Hjorth","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.1547","article-title":"Prediction of the impact of cytochrome P450 2C9 genotypes on the drug-drug interaction potential of siponimod with physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling: a comprehensive approach for drug label recommendations","volume":"106","author":"Huth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.03.027","article-title":"T Follicular Helper Cell-Germinal Center B cell interaction strength regulates entry into plasma cell or recycling germinal center cell fate","volume":"48","author":"Ise","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2116044","article-title":"Molnupiravir for oral treatment of Covid-19 in nonhospitalized patients","volume":"386","author":"Jayk Bernal","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(03)00208-5","article-title":"Plasmacytoid dendritic cells induce plasma cell differentiation through type I interferon and interleukin 6","volume":"19","author":"Jego","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.110.035378","article-title":"CYP4F enzymes are responsible for the elimination of fingolimod (FTY720), a novel treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis","volume":"39","author":"Jin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e943","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000943","article-title":"Mass cytometry of CSF identifies an MS-associated B-cell population","volume":"8","author":"Johansson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.312","article-title":"Distinct properties of circulating CD8+ T cells in FTY720-treated patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"67","author":"Johnson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S120399","article-title":"Effects of multiple-dose ponesimod, a selective S1P1 receptor modulator, on lymphocyte subsets in healthy humans","volume":"11","author":"Jurcevic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.5109","article-title":"Immunogenicity and Safety of a Third SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Dose in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Weak Immune Response After COVID-19 Vaccination","volume":"79","author":"K\u00f6nig","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"18 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3849","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.98.18_supplement.3849","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response in RMS patients treated with ozanimod and other DMTs P13-4.008","volume":"98","author":"Kantor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001302","article-title":"Randomized trial of vaccination in fingolimod-treated patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"84","author":"Kappos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004077","article-title":"GenomicScape: an easy-to-use web tool for gene expression data analysis. Application to investigate the molecular events in the differentiation of B cells into plasma cells","volume":"11","author":"Kassambara","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0235449","article-title":"Differential effects of disease modifying drugs on peripheral blood B cell subsets: a cross sectional study in multiple sclerosis patients treated with interferon-\u03b2, glatiramer acetate, dimethyl fumarate, fingolimod or natalizumab","volume":"15","author":"Kemmerer","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.110.235028","article-title":"Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 promotes recruitment of monocyte\/macrophages in inflammation and atherosclerosis","volume":"108","author":"Keul","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36865","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M506293200","article-title":"Sphingosine kinase 2 is required for modulation of lymphocyte traffic by FTY720","volume":"280","author":"Kharel","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0170","article-title":"A randomised -controlled phase 2 trial of molnupiravir in unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals with early SARS-CoV-2","author":"Khoo","year":"2022","journal-title":"MedRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01377-8","article-title":"Neutralizing antibody levels are highly predictive of immune protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"27","author":"Khoury","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04527-1","article-title":"Germinal centre-driven maturation of B cell response to mRNA vaccination","volume":"604","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabe9950","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abe9950","article-title":"Cross-reactive antibodies against human coronaviruses and the animal coronavirome suggest diagnostics for future zoonotic spillovers","volume":"6","author":"Klompus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-020-00975-7","article-title":"Differential effects of Fingolimod and natalizumab on B cell repertoires in multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"18","author":"Kowarik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103435","article-title":"Humoral immune response to COVID-19 vaccines in people with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis treated with siponimod","volume":"57","author":"Krbot Skori\u0107","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-020-01319-7","article-title":"Ozanimod: first Approval","volume":"80","author":"Lamb","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(01)00126-1","article-title":"Type interferons potently enhance humoral immunity and can promote isotype switching by stimulating dendritic cells in vivo","volume":"14","author":"Le Bon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19513","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M002759200","article-title":"Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a novel mammalian sphingosine kinase type 2 isoform","volume":"275","author":"Liu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01560","article-title":"Immune cell profiling during switching from natalizumab to fingolimod reveals differential effects on systemic immune-regulatory networks and on trafficking of non-t cell populations into the cerebrospinal fluid-results from the ToFingo Successor Study","volume":"9","author":"Lohmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"o2183","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.o2183","article-title":"Is covid-19 settling into a pattern?","volume":"378","author":"Looi","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2021-326904","article-title":"Anti-CD20 therapies decrease humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders","volume":"93","author":"Louapre","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12743","article-title":"G-protein coupled receptors and ligands that organize humoral immune responses","volume":"289","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000560","article-title":"Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis: the 2013 revisions","volume":"83","author":"Lublin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"S3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0065","first-page":"400","article-title":"Disease activity after short-term interruption of ponesimod versus teriflunomide in relapsing multiple sclerosis patients. P386","volume":"28","author":"Lublin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0026","first-page":"ciab954","article-title":"Robust T cell responses in anti-CD20 treated patients following COVID-19 vaccination: a prospective cohort study","author":"Madelon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3437","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.6.3437","article-title":"Migration of CD4 T cells and dendritic cells toward sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is mediated by different receptor subtypes: S1P regulates the functions of murine mature dendritic cells via S1P receptor type 3","volume":"178","author":"Maeda","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0167","article-title":"Anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of active COVID-19 in multiple sclerosis: an observational study","author":"Magn\u00e8","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1070238","article-title":"Alteration of lymphocyte trafficking by sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonists","volume":"296","author":"Mandala","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2017.08.2210","article-title":"Basic immunological profile changes of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis patients treated with BAF312 (Siponimod)","volume":"381","author":"Mao-Draayer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-021-01523-z","article-title":"Ponesimod: first approval","volume":"81","author":"Markham","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02284","article-title":"Lymphocyte egress from thymus and peripheral lymphoid organs is dependent on S1P receptor 1","volume":"427","author":"Matloubian","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000327609.57688.ea","article-title":"FTY720 therapy exerts differential effects on T cell subsets in multiple sclerosis","volume":"71","author":"Mehling","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12347","article-title":"Tissue distribution dynamics of human NK cells inferred from peripheral blood depletion kinetics after Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor blockade","volume":"82","author":"Mehling","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2022-329395","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinations fail to elicit humoral and cellular immune responses in patients with multiple sclerosis receiving fingolimod","volume":"93","author":"Meyer-Arndt","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2923","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1502570","article-title":"Human CD56bright NK cells: an update","volume":"196","author":"Michel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-015-0004-3","article-title":"Immunohistochemical analysis indicates that the anatomical location of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is determined by differentially expressed chemokine receptors, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors and integrins","volume":"4","author":"Middle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86891","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.868915","article-title":"Humoral and cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis: an Israeli multi-center experience following 3 vaccine doses","volume":"13","author":"Milo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7061","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201802535R","article-title":"Examination of the role of sphingosine kinase 2 in a murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"33","author":"Mohammed","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2022.0013","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2-specific memory B cell responses are maintained after recovery from natural infection and postvaccination","volume":"35","author":"Moore","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viral Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20131666","article-title":"Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 is critical for follicular helper T cell retention in germinal centers","volume":"211","author":"Moriyama","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200425556","article-title":"The immunomodulator FTY720 interferes with effector functions of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells","volume":"35","author":"Mosheimer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.04.017","article-title":"Expression of CCR7 and CD45RA in CD4+ and CD8+ subsets in cerebrospinal fluid of 134 patients with inflammatory and non-inflammatory neurological diseases","volume":"249","author":"Mullen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20151250","article-title":"The G protein-coupled receptor P2RY8 and follicular dendritic cells promote germinal center confinement of B cells, whereas S1PR3 can contribute to their dissemination","volume":"212","author":"Muppidi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6416","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7416","article-title":"Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 promotes leukocyte rolling by mobilizing endothelial P-selectin","volume":"6","author":"Nussbaum","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.2556","article-title":"Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-3 supports hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell residence within the bone marrow niche","volume":"35","author":"Ogle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2022.105372","article-title":"Different efficacies of neutralizing antibodies and antiviral drugs on SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants, BA.1 and BA.2","volume":"205","author":"Ohashi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6059203","article-title":"Beyond immune cell migration: the emerging role of the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor s1pr4 as a modulator of innate immune cell activation","volume":"2017","author":"Olesch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5461","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI136928","article-title":"S1PR4 ablation reduces tumor growth and improves chemotherapy via CD8+ T cell expansion","volume":"130","author":"Olesch","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3975","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10556-z","article-title":"Atrioventricular block after fingolimod resumption: a consequence of sphingosine-1-phosphate axis alteration due to COVID-19?","volume":"268","author":"Orrico","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02428-20","article-title":"Human safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of molnupiravir, a novel broad-spectrum oral antiviral agent with activity against SARS-CoV-2","volume":"65","author":"Painter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.12386","article-title":"Migratory cues controlling B-lymphocyte trafficking in human lymph nodes","volume":"99","author":"Park","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28034","article-title":"Distinct immune responses in the early phase to natural SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01941","article-title":"T Cell\/B cell collaboration and autoimmunity: an intimate relationship","volume":"9","author":"Petersone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.781843","article-title":"Effect of different disease-modifying therapies on humoral response to BNT162b2 vaccine in sardinian multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"12","author":"Pitzalis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04389-z","article-title":"Considerable escape of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron to antibody neutralization","volume":"602","author":"Planas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3058","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-08-2972","article-title":"Plasmacytoid dendritic cells, antigen, and CpG-C license human B cells for plasma cell differentiation and immunoglobulin production in the absence of T-cell help","volume":"103","author":"Poeck","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-021-00804-1","article-title":"COVID-19 in patients with multiple sclerosis: ssociations with disease-modifying therapies","volume":"35","author":"Reder","year":"2021","journal-title":"CNS Drug."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.2147\/CEOR.S338225","article-title":"Economic burden of COVID-19: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Richards","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clinicoecon. Outcome. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3465","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22073465","article-title":"Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor type 4 (S1P4) is differentially regulated in peritoneal B1 B cells upon TLR4 stimulation and facilitates the egress of peritoneal B1a B cells and subsequent accumulation of splenic IRA B cells under inflammatory conditions","volume":"22","author":"Riese","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7537","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21207537","article-title":"Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators and oligodendroglial cells: beyond immunomodulation","volume":"21","author":"Roggeri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1038\/44385","article-title":"Two subsets of memory T ymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effector functions","volume":"401","author":"Sallusto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13839","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M311743200","article-title":"Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor subtypes S1P1 and S1P3, respectively, regulate lymphocyte recirculation and heart rate","volume":"279","author":"Sanna","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.103737","volume":"62","author":"Satyanarayan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2436","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2202861","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 evolution and immune escape in immunocompromised patients","volume":"386","author":"Scherer","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0047","article-title":"Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections in MS patients on disease-modifying therapies","volume":"23","author":"Schiavetti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0158","article-title":"CD19+ B cell numbers predict the increase of anti-SARS CoV2 antibodies in fingolimod-treated and COVID-19-vaccinated patients with multiple sclerosis","author":"Schiavetti","year":"2022","journal-title":"MedrXiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfab289","article-title":"Short-time interruption of second-line mycophenolate treatment in a patient with renal sarcoidosis enabled a marked antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA vaccine","volume":"15","author":"Schnuelle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Kidney J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4024","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.10-179028","article-title":"Sphingosine-1-phospate receptor 4 (S1P\u2084) deficiency profoundly affects dendritic cell function and TH17-cell differentiation in a murine model","volume":"25","author":"Schulze","year":"2011","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2016.00094","article-title":"Activation-induced cell death of dendritic cells is dependent on Sphingosine Kinase 1","volume":"7","author":"Schwiebs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13476","article-title":"Ozanimod (RPC1063) is a potent sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1P1) and receptor-5 (S1P5) agonist with autoimmune disease-modifying activity","volume":"173","author":"Scott","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.2165\/11207350-000000000-00000","article-title":"Fingolimod: a review of its use in the management of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"25","author":"Scott","year":"2011","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00391","article-title":"Fingolimod leads to immediate immunological changes within 6\u00a0h after first administration","volume":"11","author":"Sehr","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2022.04.015","article-title":"First-generation oral antivirals against SARS-CoV-2","author":"Sendi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2381","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2381","article-title":"Evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants BA.1 to BA.5: implications for immune escape and transmission","author":"Shrestha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.01.037","article-title":"Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors control B-cell migration through signaling components associated with primary immunodeficiencies, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and multiple sclerosis","volume":"134","author":"Sic","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/s41983-021-00428-8","article-title":"Adequate antibody response to BioNTech COVID vaccine in a multiple sclerosis patient treated with siponimod","volume":"57","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Egypt J. Neurol. Psychiatr. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1870","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012753","article-title":"Associations of disease-modifying therapies with COVID-19 severity in multiple sclerosis","volume":"97","author":"Simpson-Yap","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0024","article-title":"Updated results of the COVID-19 in MS Global Data Sharing Initiative: anti-CD20 and other risk factors associated with COVID-19 severity","volume":"29","author":"Simpson-Yap","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0096","article-title":"Peripheral blood T cell dynamics predict relapse in multiple sclerosis patients on fingolimod","volume":"10","author":"Song","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51408","article-title":"DMTs and Covid-19 severity in MS: a pooled analysis from Italy and France","volume":"8","author":"Sormani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103581","article-title":"CovaXiMS study group on behalf of the Italian Covid-19 Alliance in MS. Effect of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in MS patients treated with disease modifying therapies","volume":"72","author":"Sormani","year":"2021","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104042","article-title":"Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in MS patients on disease modifying therapies during the Delta and the Omicron waves in Italy","volume":"80","author":"Sormani","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585211035318","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 serology after COVID-19 in multiple sclerosis: an international cohort study","volume":"28","author":"Sormani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133392","article-title":"Sphingosine 1 phosphate at the blood brain barrier: can the modulation of S1P receptor 1 influence the response of endothelial cells and astrocytes to inflammatory stimuli?","volume":"10","author":"Spampinato","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0089","article-title":"Decreased astrocytic CCL2 accounts for BAF-312 effect on pbmcs transendothelial migration through a blood brain barrier in vitro model","author":"Spampinato","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0068","first-page":"557","article-title":"A short pause in ponesimod treatment completely restores the ability to mount post-vaccination antibody titers in mice P646","volume":"27","author":"Spiller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0035","article-title":"COVID-19 infection in fingolimod- or siponimod-treated patients: case series","volume":"9","author":"Sullivan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0181","article-title":"Effective antiviral regimens to reduce COVID-19 hospitalizations: a systematic comparison of randomized controlled trials","author":"Sullivan","year":"2022","journal-title":"medRxiv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00430-3","article-title":"Paxlovid in patients who are immunocompromised and hospitalised with SARS-CoV-2 infection","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.120.000220","article-title":"Absorption, metabolism, and excretion, in vitro pharmacology, and clinical pharmacokinetics of ozanimod, a novel sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator","volume":"49","author":"Surapaneni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug. Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26251","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine response in people with multiple sclerosis","volume":"91","author":"Tallantyre","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.103937","article-title":"Response to COVID-19 booster vaccinations in seronegative people with multiple sclerosis","volume":"64","author":"Tallantyre","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02482-4","article-title":"The opposing forces of shear flow and sphingosine-1-phosphate control marginal zone B cell shuttling","volume":"8","author":"Tedford","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4381","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-020-01473-0","article-title":"Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics of ozanimod and its major active metabolites alone and in combination with gemfibrozil, itraconazole, or rifampin in healthy subjects: a randomized, parallel-group, open-label study","volume":"37","author":"Tran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.06.005","article-title":"Antibody escape of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 from vaccine and BA.1 serum","volume":"185","author":"Tuekprakhon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03738-2","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce persistent human germinal centre responses","volume":"596","author":"Turner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e398","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000398","article-title":"Impact of siponimod on vaccination response in a randomized, placebo-controlled study","volume":"4","author":"Ufer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-021-01019-9","article-title":"Effect of ponesimod exposure on total lymphocyte dynamics in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"60","author":"Valenzuela","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-012-1014-4","article-title":"Fingolimod attenuates ceramide-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction in multiple sclerosis by targeting reactive astrocytes","volume":"124","author":"van Doorn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.1364","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in adult patients with multiple sclerosis in the Amsterdam MS cohort","volume":"78","author":"van Kempen","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1523","article-title":"Natural killer cell trafficking in vivo requires a dedicated sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor","volume":"8","author":"Walzer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-3730fje","article-title":"Type 4 sphingosine 1-phosphate G protein-coupled receptor (S1P4) transduces S1P effects on T cell proliferation and cytokine secretion without signaling migration","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1585","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China","volume":"323","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0160","article-title":"Antibody evasion by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.2.12.1, BA.4, & BA.5","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6405","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26602-3","article-title":"Within-host evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in an immunosuppressed COVID-19 patient as a source of immune escape variants","volume":"12","author":"Weigang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2022.2034936","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of three new oral antiviral treatment (molnupiravir, fluvoxamine and Paxlovid) for COVID-19:a meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Wen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0117","article-title":"T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in people with multiple sclerosis differ between disease-modifying therapies","author":"Wolf","year":"2022","journal-title":"MedRXiv"},{"issue":"3S","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0113","first-page":"396","article-title":"COVID-19 antibody response by vaccine type and lymphocyte count in RMS patients on ponesimod: results from Phase 2 long-term extension study AC-058B202","volume":"28","author":"Wong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.897748","article-title":"Case report: variant-specific pre-exposure prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in multiple sclerosis patients lacking vaccination responses","volume":"13","author":"Woopen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R130","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2009-10-11-r130","article-title":"BioGPS: an extensible and customizable portal for querying and organizing gene annotation resources","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104102","article-title":"Response of COVID-19 vaccination in multiple sclerosis patients following disease-modifying therapies: a meta-analysis","volume":"81","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaav1263","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aav1263","article-title":"CD4 T cell sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1PR)1 and S1PR4 and endothelial S1PR2 regulate afferent lymphatic migration","volume":"4","author":"Xiong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3384","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14690","article-title":"COVID-19 in multiple sclerosis patients: susceptibility, severity risk factors and serological response","volume":"28","author":"Zabalza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.3A0717-287R","article-title":"Fingolimod targets cerebral endothelial activation to block leukocyte recruitment in the central nervous system","volume":"103","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0067","article-title":"Assessing the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in siponimod-treated patients: a nonrandomized controlled clinical trial (AMA-VACC)","volume":"15","author":"Ziemssen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Neurol. Diord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1756286419878340","article-title":"Reduced serum immunoglobulin G concentrations in multiple sclerosis: prevalence and association with disease-modifying therapy and disease course","volume":"12","author":"Zoehner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Neurol. Disord."}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034822009294?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034822009294?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T09:08:30Z","timestamp":1761901710000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211034822009294"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":187,"alternative-id":["S2211034822009294"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-0348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-0348","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The impact of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104425","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104425"}}