{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T12:40:05Z","timestamp":1766407205914,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007013","name":"F. Hoffmann-La Roche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","msard-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T02:54:02Z","timestamp":1673405642000},"page":"104512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Electronic health record data for assessing risk of hospitalization for COVID-19: Methodological considerations applied to multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3422-5473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Dillon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Siadimas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Spyros","family":"Roumpanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Otto","family":"Fajardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kocho","family":"Fitovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikki","family":"Jessop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Whitley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8925-0481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erwan","family":"Muros-Le Rouzic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104512_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-032315-021353","article-title":"Using electronic health records for population health research. A review of methods and applications","volume":"37","author":"Casey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104512_bib31","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - ICD-10-CM Official Coding Guidelines - Supplement Coding encounters related to COVID-19 Coronavirus Outbreak (2020). February 20, 2020 \u2013 March 31, 2020. Available from https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/icd\/interim-coding-advice-coronavirus-March-2020-final.pdf. Accessed December 10, 2022."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104512_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.3111\/13696998.2010.523670","article-title":"Medical chart validation of an algorithm for identifying multiple sclerosis relapse in healthcare claims","volume":"13","author":"Chastek","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. Econ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104512_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117147","article-title":"COVID-19 in multiple sclerosis patients and risk factors for severe infection","volume":"418","author":"Chaudhry","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104512_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1016","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007043","article-title":"Validation of an algorithm for identifying MS cases in administrative health claims datasets","volume":"92","author":"Culpepper","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"10239","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104512_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31189-2","article-title":"Epidemiology, clinical course, and outcomes of critically ill adults with COVID-19 in New York City: a prospective cohort study","volume":"395","author":"Cummings","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104512_bib0006","article-title":"Validity of an electronic health record and claims derived proxy measure of Multiple Sclerosis disability. International Conference of Pharmacoepidemiology 36","author":"Dillon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104512_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m1985","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1985","article-title":"Features of 20\u2009133 UK patients in hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: prospective observational cohort study","volume":"369","author":"Docherty","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104512_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5749","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19478-2","article-title":"Collider bias undermines our understanding of COVID-19 disease risk and severity","volume":"11","author":"Griffith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"year":"2020","series-title":"Causal Inference: What If","author":"Hern\u00e1n","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104512_bib0009"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104512_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.1820","article-title":"Collider Bias","volume":"327","author":"Holmberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104512_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-047121","article-title":"Prognostic model to identify and quantify risk factors for mortality among hospitalised patients with COVID-19 in the USA","volume":"11","author":"Incerti","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104512_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51342","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis, rituximab, and COVID-19","volume":"8","author":"Langer-Gould","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104512_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2005.12.001","article-title":"Addressing the issue of channeling bias in observational studies with propensity scores analysis","volume":"2","author":"Lobo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Res. Social Adm. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104512_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51646","article-title":"COVID-19 clinical outcomes and DMT of MS patients and population-based controls","author":"Longinetti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104512_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.2581","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and multiple sclerosis","volume":"77","author":"Louapre","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104512_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e835","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000835","article-title":"COVID-19 outcomes in MS: observational study of early experience from NYU Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center","volume":"7","author":"Parrotta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104512_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103217","article-title":"COVID-19 severity and outcome in multiple sclerosis: results of a national, registry-based, matched cohort study","volume":"55","author":"P\u00e9rez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104512_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m1966","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1966","article-title":"Factors associated with hospital admission and critical illness among 5279 people with coronavirus disease 2019 in New York City: prospective cohort study","volume":"369","author":"Petrilli","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104512_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780100409","article-title":"Channeling bias in the interpretation of drug effects","volume":"10","author":"Petri","year":"1991","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104512_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-021-00804-1","article-title":"COVID-19 in patients with multiple sclerosis: associations with disease-modifying therapies","volume":"35","author":"Reder","year":"2021","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104512_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.0688","article-title":"Outcomes and risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in a North American registry of patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"78","author":"Salter","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104512_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200021","article-title":"Updated Results of the COVID-19 in MS Global Data Sharing Initiative: anti-CD20 and Other Risk Factors Associated With COVID-19 Severity","volume":"9","author":"Simpson-Yap","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104512_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.103735","article-title":"Risk of COVID-19 infection and severe disease in MS patients on different disease-modifying therapies","volume":"60","author":"Smith","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104512_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26028","article-title":"Disease-modifying therapies and coronavirus disease 2019 severity in multiple sclerosis","volume":"89","author":"Sormani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104512_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51408","article-title":"DMTs and COVID-19 severity in MS: a pooled analysis from Italy and France","volume":"8","author":"Sormani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104512_bib0025","article-title":"Increased rate of hospitalization for COVID-19 among rituximab-treated multiple sclerosis patients: a study of the Swedish multiple sclerosis registry","author":"Spelman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104512_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2521-4","article-title":"Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY","volume":"584","author":"Williamson","year":"2020","journal-title":"NatureNature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104512_bib30","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Emergency use ICD codes for COVID-19 disease outbreak. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/classifications\/icd\/covid19\/en\/. Accessed January 10, 2022."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104512_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-015-1217-6","article-title":"Benefits of applying a proxy eligibility period when using electronic health records for outcomes research: a simulation study","volume":"8","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Res. Notes"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034823000160?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034823000160?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T09:04:30Z","timestamp":1761901470000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211034823000160"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S2211034823000160"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104512","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-0348"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2211-0348"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Electronic health record data for assessing risk of hospitalization for COVID-19: Methodological considerations applied to multiple sclerosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104512","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104512"}}