{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:56:25Z","timestamp":1792796185048,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":248,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","msard-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,7]],"date-time":"2024-01-07T17:38:52Z","timestamp":1704649132000},"page":"105435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Consensus recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: 2023 revision of the MENACTRIMS guidelines"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2540-6651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B.","family":"Yamout","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Al-Jumah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.A.","family":"Sahraian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Almalik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Al","family":"Khaburi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Shalaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Aljarallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Bohlega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Dahdaleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Almahdawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.J.","family":"Khoury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Koussa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Slassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Daoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Aref","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Mrabet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6842-5609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Zeineddine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Zakaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Inshasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Gouider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Alroughani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1159\/000151514","article-title":"The prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis in the Middle East","volume":"31","author":"Al-Hashel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2018.06.002","article-title":"Hematopoietic stem cell therapy for autoimmune diseases\u2013Clinical experience and mechanisms","volume":"92","author":"Alexander","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6796-8","article-title":"Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation following pulsed cyclophosphamide in a severely disabled patient with malignant Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"260","author":"Alix","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24651","article-title":"Rituximab versus fingolimod after natalizumab in Multiple Sclerosis patients","volume":"79","author":"Alping","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458513504328","article-title":"Increasing prevalence and incidence rates of Multiple Sclerosis in Kuwait","volume":"20","author":"Alroughani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.11.044","article-title":"JC virus seroprevalence and seroconversion in Multiple Sclerosis cohort: a Middle-Eastern study","volume":"360","author":"Alroughani","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e840","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005065","article-title":"Relapse occurrence in women with Multiple Sclerosis during pregnancy in the new treatment era","volume":"90","author":"Alroughani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0228","series-title":"Ocrelizumab in Postpartum Women with Multiple Sclerosis: Low Transfer Into Breastmilk and Reassuring Infant Development in a Multicenter Cohort","author":"Anderson","year":"2022"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1990","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01507-2","article-title":"Cellular and humoral immune responses following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in patients with Multiple Sclerosis on anti-CD20 therapy","volume":"27","author":"Apostolidis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3931","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac220","article-title":"The kappa free light chain index and oligoclonal bands have a similar role in the McDonald criteria","volume":"145","author":"Arrambide","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334414566237","article-title":"Transfer of natalizumab into breast milk in a mother with Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"31","author":"Baker","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hum. Lact."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70242-9","article-title":"Multiple Sclerosis in children: clinical diagnosis, therapeutic strategies, and future directions","volume":"6","author":"Banwell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000339482.84392.bd","article-title":"Incidence of acquired demyelination of the CNS in Canadian children","volume":"72","author":"Banwell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.177.1.57","article-title":"Surface expression of alpha 4 integrin by CD4 T cells is required for their entry into brain parenchyma","volume":"177","author":"Baron","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12963","article-title":"Rapidly increasing off-label use of rituximab in Multiple Sclerosis in Sweden - Outlier or predecessor?","volume":"138","author":"Berntsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0094","unstructured":"Biogen. Natalizumab safety update. 2014 [cited 2014 May 30]; Available from: https:\/\/medinfo.biogenidec.com."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1109","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000206750","article-title":"Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in people with active secondary progressive Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"100","author":"Boffa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.7.1006","article-title":"Early onset Multiple Sclerosis: a longitudinal study","volume":"59","author":"Boiko","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-021-00313-z","article-title":"Rituximab and canakinumab use during lactation: no detectable serum levels in breastfed infants","volume":"8","author":"Bosshard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Ther."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000541","article-title":"Management of Multiple Sclerosis during pregnancy and the reproductive years: a systematic review","volume":"124","author":"Bove","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0217","series-title":"Pregnancy Outcomes in Patients with MS Following Exposure to Ofatumumab: Updated Results from the Novartis Safety Database","author":"Bove","year":"2023"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.20588","article-title":"Association of initial disease-modifying therapy with later conversion to secondary progressive Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"321","author":"Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2018.1483330","article-title":"Risk of opportunistic infections in patients treated with alemtuzumab for Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"17","author":"Buonomo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0192","series-title":"Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Multiple Sclerosis\u2013if Confused or Hesitant, Remember:\u2018Treat with Standard Immune Suppressive Drugs and if no Inflammation, No Response","first-page":"772","author":"Burt","year":"2012"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.18743","article-title":"Effect of nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation vs continued disease-modifying therapy on disease progression in patients with relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"321","author":"Burt","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0021","article-title":"Oral versus intravenous steroids for treatment of relapses in Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Burton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70068-7","article-title":"Pegylated interferon beta-1a for relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis (ADVANCE): a randomised, phase 3, double-blind study","volume":"13","author":"Calabresi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000338630.20412.45","article-title":"Role of MRI in the differentiation of ADEM from MS in children","volume":"72","author":"Callen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6005","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.813957","article-title":"Immune reconstitution following autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for Multiple Sclerosis: a review on behalf of the EBMT autoimmune diseases working party","volume":"12","author":"Cencioni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-8830-y","article-title":"Cladribine treatment of Multiple Sclerosis is associated with depletion of memory B cells","volume":"265","author":"Ceronie","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0230","article-title":"Pregnancy outcome following exposure to ocrelizumab in Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"8","author":"Chey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J. Exp. Transl. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2011.01.004","article-title":"Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"29","author":"Chitnis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurol. Clin."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511430704","article-title":"Consensus statement: evaluation of new and existing therapeutics for pediatric Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"18","author":"Chitnis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1800149","article-title":"Trial of fingolimod versus interferon beta-1a in pediatric Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"379","author":"Chitnis","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00364-1","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of teriflunomide in paediatric Multiple Sclerosis (TERIKIDS): a multicentre, double-blind, phase 3, randomised, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Chitnis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nrl.0000250946.87145.cf","article-title":"Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Chitnis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurologist"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e723","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000723","article-title":"Monoclonal antibody treatment during pregnancy and\/or lactation in women with MS or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder","volume":"7","author":"Ciplea","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2011.02.011","article-title":"Immune mechanisms of new therapeutic strategies in MS: teriflunomide","volume":"142","author":"Claussen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907839","article-title":"Oral fingolimod or intramuscular interferon for relapsing Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"362","author":"Cohen","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"9856","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61769-3","article-title":"Alemtuzumab versus interferon beta 1a as first-line treatment for patients with relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial","volume":"380","author":"Cohen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-013-6932-0","article-title":"Fingolimod versus intramuscular interferon in patient subgroups from TRANSFORMS","volume":"260","author":"Cohen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2019.02.014","article-title":"Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for treatment-refractory relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: position statement from the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation","volume":"25","author":"Cohen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"issue":"9856","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61768-1","article-title":"Alemtuzumab for patients with relapsing Multiple Sclerosis after disease-modifying therapy: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial","volume":"380","author":"Coles","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9268","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04725-5","article-title":"Effect of early interferon treatment on conversion to definite Multiple Sclerosis: a randomised study","volume":"357","author":"Comi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9700","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61259-9","article-title":"Effect of glatiramer acetate on conversion to clinically definite Multiple Sclerosis in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (PreCISe study): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"374","author":"Comi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70262-9","article-title":"Comparison of two dosing frequencies of subcutaneous interferon beta-1a in patients with a first clinical demyelinating event suggestive of Multiple Sclerosis (REFLEX): a phase 3 randomised controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Comi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199807303390501","article-title":"Rate of pregnancy-related relapse in Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"339","author":"Confavreux","year":"1998","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg081","article-title":"Early clinical predictors and progression of irreversible disability in Multiple Sclerosis: an amnesic process","volume":"126","author":"Confavreux","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70308-9","article-title":"Oral teriflunomide for patients with relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (TOWER): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"13","author":"Confavreux","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.21468","article-title":"Therapeutic plasma exchange and pregnancy: a case report and guidelines for performing plasma exchange in a pregnant patient","volume":"32","author":"Cox","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Apher."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458512471880","article-title":"Update on reproductive safety of current and emerging disease-modifying therapies for Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"19","author":"Cree","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3109\/08923973.2014.993084","article-title":"Differential effects of ponesimod, a selective S1P1 receptor modulator, on blood-circulating human T cell subpopulations","volume":"37","author":"D'Ambrosio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585231151951","article-title":"Early non-disabling relapses are important predictors of disability accumulation in people with relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"29","author":"Daruwalla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e453","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000453","article-title":"Rituximab before and during pregnancy: a systematic review, and a case series in MS and NMOSD","volume":"5","author":"Das","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s11899-019-00505-z","article-title":"Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Multiple Sclerosis: a review of current literature and future directions for transplant haematologists and oncologists","volume":"14","author":"Das","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Hematol. Malig. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1080\/00498254.2017.1329568","article-title":"Ponesimod, a selective sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P(1)) receptor modulator for autoimmune diseases: review of clinical pharmacokinetics and drug disposition","volume":"48","author":"Dash","year":"2018","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2007.06974.x","article-title":"Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells are efficiently killed by an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody selected for improved engagement of FcgammaRIIIA\/CD16","volume":"140","author":"de Romeuf","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458512459291","article-title":"Prevalence, demographics and clinical characteristics of Multiple Sclerosis in Qatar","volume":"19","author":"Deleu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03110.x","article-title":"The Global Adherence Project (GAP): a multicenter observational study on adherence to disease-modifying therapies in patients with relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"18","author":"Devonshire","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0218","series-title":"Pregnancy and Infant Outcomes in Women Receiving Ocrelizumab for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis","author":"Dobson","year":"2021"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-019-0516-2","article-title":"Indications for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for haematological diseases, solid tumours and immune disorders: current practice in Europe, 2019","volume":"54","author":"Duarte","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.36.2.238","article-title":"High-dose intravenous methylprednisolone in the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: clinical-immunologic correlations","volume":"36","author":"Durelli","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-7372(83)90016-6","article-title":"Molecular and biochemical pharmacology of mitoxantrone","volume":"10","author":"Durr","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Rev."},{"issue":"9139","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)03334-0","article-title":"Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study of interferon beta-1a in relapsing\/remitting Multiple Sclerosis. PRISMS (Prevention of relapses and disability by interferon beta-1a subcutaneously in Multiple Sclerosis) study group","volume":"352","author":"Ebers","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-006-0203-2","article-title":"Multiple Sclerosis in Jordan: a clinical and epidemiological study","volume":"253","author":"El-Salem","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1159\/000365846","article-title":"Estimated prevalence and incidence of Multiple Sclerosis in Iran","volume":"72","author":"Etemadifar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980526","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.980526","article-title":"Immune response in ofatumumab treated Multiple Sclerosis patients after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination","volume":"13","author":"Faissner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6414-9","article-title":"Natalizumab treatment of Multiple Sclerosis in Spain: results of an extensive observational study","volume":"259","author":"Fernandez","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005417","article-title":"Acute coronary syndrome associated with alemtuzumab infusion in Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"90","author":"Ferraro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.02931.x","article-title":"What can we really tell women with Multiple Sclerosis regarding pregnancy? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature","volume":"118","author":"Finkelsztejn","year":"2011","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00143-0","article-title":"Comparison of switching to 6-week dosing of natalizumab versus continuing with 4-week dosing in patients with relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis (NOVA): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3b trial","volume":"21","author":"Foley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"S3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0105","first-page":"596","article-title":"On behalf of the CARE-MS II Investigators Efficacy of alemtuzumab is durable over 6 years in patients with active relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis and an inadequate response to prior therapy in the absence of continuous treatment (CARE-MS II)","volume":"22","author":"Fox","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2020.66","article-title":"Treatment optimization in Multiple Sclerosis: Canadian MS working group recommendations","volume":"47","author":"Freedman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can. J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-016-0674-4","article-title":"Evaluation of pregnancy outcomes from the Tysabri(R) (natalizumab) pregnancy exposure registry: a global, observational, follow-up study","volume":"16","author":"Friend","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.62.10.1519","article-title":"Therapeutic considerations for disease progression in Multiple Sclerosis: evidence, experience, and future expectations","volume":"62","author":"Frohman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006810","article-title":"Unraveling treatment response in Multiple Sclerosis: a clinical and MRI challenge","volume":"92","author":"Gasperini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0112","series-title":"10-minute subcutaneous injection in patients with Multiple Sclerosis","article-title":"Positive phase III results for genentech\u2019s ocrevus (ocrelizumab) twice a year","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0686-4","article-title":"Siponimod (BAF312) prevents synaptic neurodegeneration in experimental Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Gentile","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0902533","article-title":"A placebo-controlled trial of oral cladribine for relapsing Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"362","author":"Giovannoni","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4975","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-021-01865-w","article-title":"Long-term disease stability assessed by the expanded disability status scale in patients treated with cladribine tablets 3.5mg\/kg for relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: an exploratory post hoc analysis of the CLARITY and CLARITY extension studies","volume":"38","author":"Giovannoni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-016-0042-8","article-title":"Sustained effect of delayed-release dimethyl fumarate in newly diagnosed patients with relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis: 6-year interim results from an extension of the DEFINE and CONFIRM studies","volume":"5","author":"Gold","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurol. Ther."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182535cf6","article-title":"Survival in MS: a randomized cohort study 21 years after the start of the pivotal IFN\u03b2-1b trial","volume":"78","author":"Goodin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52001-2.00010-8","article-title":"The epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis: insights to disease pathogenesis","volume":"122","author":"Goodin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410370108","article-title":"Low-dose (7.5mg) oral methotrexate reduces the rate of progression in chronic progressive Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"37","author":"Goodkin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-9987.2009.00794.x","article-title":"Treatment of steroid unresponsive relapse with plasma exchange in aggressive Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"14","author":"Habek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ther. Apher. Dial."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.209","article-title":"Natalizumab use during the third trimester of pregnancy","volume":"71","author":"Haghikia","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"9350","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)12023-X","article-title":"Mitoxantrone in progressive Multiple Sclerosis: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised, multicentre trial","volume":"360","author":"Hartung","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0706383","article-title":"B-cell depletion with rituximab in relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"358","author":"Hauser","year":"2008","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1601277","article-title":"Ocrelizumab versus interferon beta-1a in relapsing Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"376","author":"Hauser","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1917246","article-title":"Ofatumumab versus teriflunomide in Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"383","author":"Hauser","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1546","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012700","article-title":"Safety of ocrelizumab in patients with relapsing and primary progressive Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"97","author":"Hauser","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585221079731","article-title":"Safety experience with continued exposure to ofatumumab in patients with relapsing forms of Multiple Sclerosis for up to 3.5\u2009years","volume":"28","author":"Hauser","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21867","article-title":"Rituximab in patients with primary progressive Multiple Sclerosis: results of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter trial","volume":"66","author":"Hawker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.4147","article-title":"Comparison of switch to fingolimod or interferon beta\/glatiramer acetate in active Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"72","author":"He","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30067-3","article-title":"Timing of high-efficacy therapy for Multiple Sclerosis: a retrospective observational cohort study","volume":"19","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1114","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001114","article-title":"Interim analysis of pregnancy outcomes after exposure to dimethyl fumarate in a prospective international registry","volume":"9","author":"Hellwig","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.647811","article-title":"Treatment switching and discontinuation over 20 years in the big Multiple Sclerosis data network","volume":"12","author":"Hillert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458513507816","article-title":"Predictors and dynamics of postpartum relapses in women with Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"20","author":"Hughes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.101063","article-title":"Corticosteroid use during pregnancy and risk of orofacial clefts","volume":"183","author":"Hviid","year":"2011","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.3109\/00207454.2011.565893","article-title":"Prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis in Dubai, United Arab Emirates","volume":"121","author":"Inshasi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e31822f63fb","article-title":"Toxocara canis myelitis: clinical features, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and treatment outcome in 17 patients","volume":"90","author":"Jabbour","year":"2011","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410390304","article-title":"Intramuscular interferon beta-1a for disease progression in relapsing Multiple Sclerosis. The Multiple Sclerosis collaborative research group (MSCRG)","volume":"39","author":"Jacobs","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200009283431301","article-title":"Intramuscular interferon beta-1a therapy initiated during a first demyelinating event in Multiple Sclerosis. CHAMPS Study Group","volume":"343","author":"Jacobs","year":"2000","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.7.1268","article-title":"Copolymer 1 reduces relapse rate and improves disability in relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis: results of a phase III multicenter, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. The Copolymer 1 Multiple Sclerosis study group","volume":"45","author":"Johnson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520949158","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in dimethyl fumarate-treated Multiple Sclerosis patients","volume":"28","author":"Jordan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u00fcmpfel, T., et\u00a0al., Anti-CD20 therapies and pregnancy in neuroimmunologic disorders. A cohort study from Germany, 2021. 8(1): p. e913.","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000913"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24339","article-title":"Switch to natalizumab versus fingolimod in active relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"77","author":"Kalincik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000237641.33768.8d","article-title":"Treatment with interferon beta-1b delays conversion to clinically definite and McDonald MS in patients with clinically isolated syndromes","volume":"67","author":"Kappos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0909494","article-title":"A placebo-controlled trial of oral fingolimod in relapsing Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"362","author":"Kappos","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.1451","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of siponimod (BAF312) in patients with relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis: dose-blinded, randomized extension of the phase 2 BOLD study","volume":"73","author":"Kappos","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"10127","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30475-6","article-title":"Siponimod versus placebo in secondary progressive Multiple Sclerosis (EXPAND): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 study","volume":"391","author":"Kappos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517709619","article-title":"Greater sensitivity to Multiple Sclerosis disability worsening and progression events using a roving versus a fixed reference value in a prospective cohort study","volume":"24","author":"Kappos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.1568","article-title":"Contribution of relapse-independent progression vs relapse-associated worsening to overall confirmed disability accumulation in typical relapsing Multiple Sclerosis in a pooled analysis of 2 randomized clinical trials","volume":"77","author":"Kappos","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.0405","article-title":"Ponesimod compared with teriflunomide in patients with relapsing Multiple Sclerosis in the active-comparator phase 3 OPTIMUM study: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"78","author":"Kappos","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"2\u2013Supplement","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0089","first-page":"489","article-title":"Real-world data from over 10 years in the TYSABRI\u00ae observational program: long-term safety and effectiveness of natalizumab in relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis patients","volume":"24","author":"Kappos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000137","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes in the clinical development program of fingolimod in Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"82","author":"Karlsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458516664033","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of a three-times-weekly dosing regimen of glatiramer acetate in relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis patients: 3-year results of the glatiramer acetate low-frequency administration open-label extension study","volume":"23","author":"Khan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"S3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0093","first-page":"659","article-title":"New algorithm to estimate risk of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in antiJCV antibody positive patients: analyses of clinical trial data to provide further temporal precision and inform clinical practice","volume":"22","author":"Koendgen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285609356135","article-title":"Practical considerations on the use of rituximab in autoimmune neurological disorders","volume":"3","author":"Kosmidis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Neurol. Disord."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458513484547","article-title":"International Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Study Group criteria for pediatric Multiple Sclerosis and immune-mediated central nervous system demyelinating disorders: revisions to the 2007 definitions","volume":"19","author":"Krupp","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.4173","article-title":"Association between breastfeeding and postpartum Multiple Sclerosis relapses: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"77","author":"Krysko","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00426-4","article-title":"Family planning considerations in people with Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"22","author":"Krysko","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-303291","article-title":"Interferon \u03b2 for secondary progressive Multiple Sclerosis: a systematic review","volume":"84","author":"La Mantia","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.132","article-title":"Exclusive breastfeeding and the risk of postpartum relapses in women with Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"66","author":"Langer-Gould","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2011.01622.x","article-title":"Natalizumab vs interferon beta 1a in relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis: a head-to-head retrospective study","volume":"126","author":"Lanzillo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-012-1088-8","article-title":"Natalizumab is effective in Multiple Sclerosis patients switching from other disease modifying therapies in clinical practice","volume":"34","author":"Lanzillo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.2815","article-title":"Teriflunomide and time to clinical Multiple Sclerosis in patients with radiologically isolated syndrome: the TERIS randomized clinical trial","volume":"80","author":"Lebrun-Fr\u00e9nay","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25799","article-title":"Radiologically isolated syndrome: 10-year risk estimate of a clinical event","volume":"88","author":"Lebrun-Frenay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0b013e318204cd90","article-title":"Cladribine: mode of action and implications for treatment of Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"34","author":"Leist","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102572","article-title":"Long-term safety data from the cladribine tablets clinical development program in Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"46","author":"Leist","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.07.006","article-title":"Oligoclonal bands in Multiple Sclerosis cerebrospinal fluid: an update on methodology and clinical usefulness","volume":"180","author":"Link","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-013-0394-8","article-title":"Dimethyl fumarate for treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: mechanism of action, effectiveness, and side effects","volume":"13","author":"Linker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181b879be","article-title":"Plasma exchange for acute attacks of CNS demyelination: predictors of improvement at 6 months","volume":"73","author":"Llufriu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104143","article-title":"The CELLO trial: protocol of a planned phase 4 study to assess the efficacy of Ocrelizumab in patients with radiologically isolated syndrome","volume":"68","author":"Longbrake","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182698c64","article-title":"Disease-modifying drugs for Multiple Sclerosis in pregnancy: a systematic review","volume":"79","author":"Lu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.3365","article-title":"Infection risks among patients with Multiple Sclerosis treated with fingolimod, natalizumab, rituximab, and injectable therapies","volume":"77","author":"Luna","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.34","article-title":"Beneficial plasma exchange response in central nervous system inflammatory demyelination","volume":"68","author":"Magana","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517742532","article-title":"Intense immunosuppression followed by autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a therapeutic strategy in aggressive forms of Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"24","author":"Mancardi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13866","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation following natalizumab discontinuation in aggressive Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"26","author":"Mariottini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0173","article-title":"Mitoxantrone for Multiple Sclerosis","author":"Martinelli Boneschi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102210","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of rituximab in Multiple Sclerosis: experience from a developing country","volume":"43","author":"Mathew","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"6972","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02284","article-title":"Lymphocyte egress from thymus and peripheral lymphoid organs is dependent on S1P receptor 1","volume":"427","author":"Matloubian","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1032","article-title":"Recommended diagnostic criteria for Multiple Sclerosis: guidelines from the International Panel on the diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"50","author":"McDonald","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-011-0216-9","article-title":"Fingolimod for Multiple Sclerosis: mechanism of action, clinical outcomes, and future directions","volume":"11","author":"Mehling","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-304951","article-title":"Characterising aggressive Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"84","author":"Menon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1159\/000116368","article-title":"Double-blind randomized trial of ACTH versus dexamethasone versus methylprednisolone in Multiple Sclerosis bouts. Clinical, cerebrospinal fluid and neurophysiological results","volume":"29","author":"Milanese","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.05.014","article-title":"Long-term outcomes with teriflunomide in patients with clinically isolated syndrome: results of the TOPIC extension study","volume":"33","author":"Miller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.50.5.511","article-title":"A double-blind controlled trial of high dose methylprednisolone in patients with Multiple Sclerosis: 1. Clinical effects","volume":"50","author":"Milligan","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1606468","article-title":"Ocrelizumab versus placebo in primary progressive Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"376","author":"Montalban","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517751049","article-title":"ECTRIMS\/EAN Guideline on the pharmacological treatment of people with Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"24","author":"Montalban","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.5867","article-title":"Long-term outcomes after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"74","author":"Muraro","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.81","article-title":"Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for treatment of Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Muraro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-022-00389-x","article-title":"Autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in Multiple Sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Nabizadeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol. Ther."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181e24373","article-title":"Rituximab add-on therapy for breakthrough relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: a 52-week phase II trial","volume":"74","author":"Naismith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.101419","article-title":"Evaluating the efficacy and safety of ZytuxTM (Rituximab, AryoGen pharmed) in Iranian Multiple Sclerosis patients: an observational study","volume":"36","author":"Naser Moghadasi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0069","unstructured":"Novartis. Gilenya prescribing information 2022 [cited 2023 May]; Available from: https:\/\/www.novartis.com\/us-en\/sites\/novartis_us\/files\/gilenya.pdf."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458509103173","article-title":"Efficacy of intramuscular interferon beta-1a in patients with clinically isolated syndrome: analysis of subgroups based on new risk criteria","volume":"15","author":"O'Connor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1014656","article-title":"Randomized trial of oral teriflunomide for relapsing Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"365","author":"O'Connor","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002441","article-title":"Long-term safety and efficacy of teriflunomide: nine-year follow-up of the randomized TEMSO study","volume":"86","author":"O'Connor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102146","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes and postpartum relapse rates in women with RRMS treated with alemtuzumab in the phase 2 and 3 clinical development program over 16 years","volume":"43","author":"Oh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000335764.14513.1a","article-title":"Incidental MRI anomalies suggestive of Multiple Sclerosis: the radiologically isolated syndrome","volume":"72","author":"Okuda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26555","article-title":"Dimethyl fumarate delays Multiple Sclerosis in radiologically isolated syndrome","volume":"93","author":"Okuda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104459","article-title":"Expert opinion on the long-term use of cladribine tablets for Multiple Sclerosis: systematic literature review of real-world evidence","volume":"69","author":"Oreja-Guevara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0052","first-page":"1313","article-title":"Teriflunomide, an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase for the potential oral treatment of Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Palmer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1756286420922685","article-title":"Long-term effectiveness in patients previously treated with cladribine tablets: a real-world analysis of the Italian Multiple Sclerosis registry (CLARINET-MS)","volume":"13","author":"Patti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Neurol. Disord."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2013.06.023","article-title":"A long-term follow-up study using IPMSSG criteria in children with CNS demyelination","volume":"49","author":"Peche","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520912170","article-title":"Comparison of rituximab originator (MabThera(\u00ae)) to biosimilar (Truxima(\u00ae)) in patients with Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"27","author":"Perez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2008.02146.x","article-title":"Oral prednisone taper following intravenous steroids fails to improve disability or recovery from relapses in Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"15","author":"Perumal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24286","article-title":"Anti-JC virus antibody levels in serum or plasma further define risk of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"76","author":"Plavina","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.707","article-title":"A randomized trial evaluating various administration routes of natalizumab in Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"56","author":"Plavina","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa044397","article-title":"A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"354","author":"Polman","year":"2006","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22366","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for Multiple Sclerosis: 2010 revisions to the McDonald criteria","volume":"69","author":"Polman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12797","article-title":"An overview of pregnancy-related issues in patients with Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"22","author":"Pozzilli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511417481","article-title":"Escalation to natalizumab or switching among immunomodulators in relapsing Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"18","author":"Prosperini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2019-322348","article-title":"Minimal evidence of disease activity (MEDA) in relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"91","author":"Prosperini","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0081","first-page":"CD007621","article-title":"Natalizumab for relapsing remitting Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"5","author":"Pucci","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458509104591","article-title":"Measures in the first year of therapy predict the response to interferon beta in MS","volume":"15","author":"R\u00edo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517698052","article-title":"Disability progression markers over 6\u201312\u2009years in interferon-\u03b2-treated Multiple Sclerosis patients","volume":"24","author":"R\u00edo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005347","article-title":"Practice guideline recommendations summary: disease-modifying therapies for adults with Multiple Sclerosis: report of the guideline development, dissemination, and implementation subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology","volume":"90","author":"Rae-Grant","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12915","article-title":"B cells in Multiple Sclerosis therapy-A comprehensive review","volume":"137","author":"Rahmanzadeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.12126","article-title":"Association between MRI exposure during pregnancy and fetal and childhood outcomes","volume":"316","author":"Ray","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa067597","article-title":"Natural history of Multiple Sclerosis with childhood onset","volume":"356","author":"Renoux","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-07495-4","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of rituximab versus natalizumab in patients with relapsing remitting Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"22","author":"Rezaee","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0047","article-title":"Interferon in relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"2001","author":"Rice","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-004-0537-6","article-title":"Escalating immunotherapy of Multiple Sclerosis\u2013new aspects and practical application","volume":"251","author":"Rieckmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.3537","article-title":"Evaluation of no evidence of disease activity in a 7-year longitudinal Multiple Sclerosis cohort","volume":"72","author":"Rotstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-021-00798-w","article-title":"Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor Modulators for Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"35","author":"Roy","year":"2021","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-013-0354-3","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for pediatric Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Rubin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0074","first-page":"61","article-title":"Ponesimod in the treatment of relapsing forms of Multiple Sclerosis: an update on the emerging clinical data","volume":"12","author":"Ruggieri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Degener. Neurol. Neuromuscul. Dis."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2015.85","article-title":"Aggressive Multiple Sclerosis: proposed definition and treatment algorithm","volume":"11","author":"Rush","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003331","article-title":"Rituximab in Multiple Sclerosis: a retrospective observational study on safety and efficacy","volume":"87","author":"Salzer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.7224\/1537-2073.2016-079","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes from the branded glatiramer acetate pregnancy database","volume":"20","author":"Sandberg-Wollheim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. MS Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e195","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000195","article-title":"Therapy with natalizumab is associated with high JCV seroconversion and rising JCV index values","volume":"3","author":"Schwab","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70102-9","article-title":"Siponimod for patients with relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis (BOLD): an adaptive, dose-ranging, randomised, phase 2 study","volume":"12","author":"Selmaj","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-019-0684-0","volume":"55","author":"Sharrack","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517703800","article-title":"Long-term disability trajectories in primary progressive MS patients: a latent class growth analysis","volume":"24","author":"Signori","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1870","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012753","article-title":"Associations of disease-modifying therapies with COVID-19 severity in Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"97","author":"Simpson-Yap","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200021","article-title":"Updated results of the COVID-19 in MS global data sharing initiative anti-CD20 and other risk factors associated with COVID-19 severity","volume":"9","author":"Simpson-Yap","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e724","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000734","article-title":"Rituximab, MS, and pregnancy","volume":"7","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2011.185","article-title":"Haematopoietic SCT in severe autoimmune diseases: updated guidelines of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation","volume":"47","author":"Snowden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.18-4-329","article-title":"Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) for severe resistant autoimmune and inflammatory diseases\u2013a guide for the generalist","volume":"18","author":"Snowden","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511435105","article-title":"Risk stratification for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients treated with natalizumab","volume":"18","author":"Sorensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000811","article-title":"The window of opportunity for treatment of progressive Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"33","author":"Sorensen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002830","article-title":"Assessing response to interferon-\u03b2 in a multicenter dataset of patients with MS","volume":"87","author":"Sormani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458516645670","article-title":"NEDA status in highly active MS can be more easily obtained with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation than other drugs","volume":"23","author":"Sormani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J."},{"issue":"15 Supplement","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S24.005","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.90.15_supplement.S24.005","volume":"90","author":"Sormani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26028","article-title":"Disease-modifying therapies and coronavirus disease 2019 severity in Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"89","author":"Sormani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517713668","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of rituximab relative to IFN-beta or glatiramer acetate in relapsing-remitting MS from the Swedish MS registry","volume":"24","author":"Spelman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.2738","article-title":"Treatment escalation vs immediate initiation of highly effective treatment for patients with relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis: data from 2 different national strategies","volume":"78","author":"Spelman","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2201904","article-title":"Ublituximab versus teriflunomide in relapsing Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"387","author":"Steinman","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458516643392","article-title":"Contribution of different relapse phenotypes to disability in Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"23","author":"Stewart","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00209-5","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of rituximab versus dimethyl fumarate in patients with relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis or clinically isolated syndrome in Sweden: a rater-blinded, phase 3, randomised controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Svenningsson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.4.655","article-title":"Interferon beta-1b is effective in relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis. I. Clinical results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"43","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0175","unstructured":"The US National Library of Medicine. A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Ocrelizumab in Adults With Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (O'HAND). 2023a [cited 2023 June]; Available from: https:\/\/classic.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04035005."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0246","unstructured":"The US National Library of Medicine. A Study of Ocrelizumab in Children and Adolescents With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. 2023b [cited 2023 July]; Available from: https:\/\/classic.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04075266."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2","article-title":"Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria","volume":"17","author":"Thompson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"Pt 7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv105","article-title":"Defining high, medium and low impact prognostic factors for developing Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"138","author":"Tintore","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"S2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0162","first-page":"517","article-title":"Additional courses of alemtuzumab improved clinical and MRI outcomes in pooled CARE-MS I and II patients with disease activity after two courses: analysis of patients who received \u22653 courses","volume":"24","author":"TRaboulsee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199801293380502","article-title":"Axonal transection in the lesions of Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"338","author":"Trapp","year":"1998","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1159\/000224630","article-title":"Plasma exchange therapy in steroid-unresponsive relapses in patients with Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"28","author":"Trebst","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood. Purif."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2010.12.008","article-title":"Natural history of Multiple Sclerosis: have available therapies impacted long-term prognosis?","volume":"29","author":"Trojano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurol. Clin."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585211003020","article-title":"A randomized study of natalizumab dosing regimens for relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"27","author":"Trojano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2008.02258.x","article-title":"Treatment of corticosteroid refractory optic neuritis in Multiple Sclerosis patients with intravenous immunoglobulin","volume":"15","author":"Tselis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1097\/GCO.0b013e32834cef8f","article-title":"Multiple Sclerosis and pregnancy","volume":"23","author":"Tsui","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0247","unstructured":"US National Library of Medicine. A study to evaluate efficacy, safety, and tolerability of alemtuzumab in pediatric patients with RRMS with disease activity on prior DMT (LemKids). 2022 [cited 2023 August]; Available from: https:\/\/classic.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03368664."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0248","unstructured":"US National Library of Medicine. Efficacy and safety of ofatumumab and siponimod compared to fingolimod in pediatric patients with Multiple Sclerosis (NEOS). 2021 [cited 2023 July ]; Available from: https:\/\/classic.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04926818."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458513507821","article-title":"Teriflunomide versus subcutaneous interferon beta-1a in patients with relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: a randomised, controlled phase 3 trial","volume":"20","author":"Vermersch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.30439","article-title":"Effect of dimethyl fumarate vs interferon \u03b2-1a in patients with pediatric-onset Multiple Sclerosis: the CONNECT randomized clinical trial","volume":"5","author":"Vermersch","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.148","article-title":"Efficacy of delayed-release dimethyl fumarate in relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis: integrated analysis of the phase 3 trials","volume":"2","author":"Viglietta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458504ms978sr","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of i.v. immune globulins in combination with i.v. methylprednisolone in the treatment of relapses in patients with MS","volume":"10","author":"Visser","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458519843055","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes in patients with Multiple Sclerosis treated with teriflunomide: clinical study data and 5 years of post-marketing experience","volume":"26","author":"Vukusic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00095-8","article-title":"2021 MAGNIMS-CMSC-NAIMS consensus recommendations on the use of MRI in patients with Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"20","author":"Wattjes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e601","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004950","article-title":"Activation of disease during therapy with alemtuzumab in 3 patients with Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"90","author":"Wehrum","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.9.1143","article-title":"Double-blind study of true vs. sham plasma exchange in patients treated with immunosuppression for acute attacks of Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"39","author":"Weiner","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(199912)46:6<878::AID-ANA10>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"A randomized trial of plasma exchange in acute central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disease","volume":"46","author":"Weinshenker","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004969","article-title":"Defining response profiles after alemtuzumab: rare paradoxical disease exacerbation","volume":"90","author":"Wiendl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.06.015","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of natalizumab extended interval dosing","volume":"24","author":"Yamout","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9084759","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of rituximab in Multiple Sclerosis: a retrospective observational study","volume":"2018","author":"Yamout","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.101459","article-title":"Consensus recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: 2019 revisions to the MENACTRIMS guidelines","volume":"37","author":"Yamout","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.11.069","article-title":"Long term effectiveness of cladribine in patients enrolled in the CLARITY trial: real world experience from the Lebanese cohort","volume":"37","author":"Yamout","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2009.158","article-title":"Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"5","author":"Yeh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0180","unstructured":"Z\u00e9phir, H., et\u00a0al., Mitoxantrone improves cognitive dysfunction of patients in very active Multiple Sclerosis. 2004. 59\u201359."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3045","article-title":"Plasticity in gray and white: neuroimaging changes in brain structure during learning","volume":"15","author":"Zatorre","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0129","article-title":"Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis in special populations: the case of refugees","volume":"6","author":"Zeineddine","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J. Exp. Transl. Clin."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.4161\/mabs.1.4.8895","article-title":"Ofatumumab","volume":"1","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"mAbs"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2015-312940","article-title":"Extended interval dosing of natalizumab in Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"87","author":"Zhovtis Ryerson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0098","first-page":"e1452","article-title":"Risk of natalizumab-associated PML in patients with MS is reduced with extended interval dosing","volume":"93","author":"Zhovtis Ryerson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-020-00749-x","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of alemtuzumab through 9 years of follow-up in patients with highly active disease: post hoc analysis of CARE-MS I and II patients in the TOPAZ extension study","volume":"34","author":"Ziemssen","year":"2020","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034824000142?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034824000142?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T09:10:16Z","timestamp":1761901816000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211034824000142"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":248,"alternative-id":["S2211034824000142"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-0348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-0348","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Consensus recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: 2023 revision of the MENACTRIMS guidelines","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105435","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105435"}}