{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T18:44:51Z","timestamp":1793385891626,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004048","name":"Kashan University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KAUMS\/ 400157"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KAUMS\/ 400157"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004048","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","msard-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,20]],"date-time":"2024-01-20T20:50:56Z","timestamp":1705783856000},"page":"105454","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effects of crocin on inflammatory biomarkers and mental health status in patients with multiple sclerosis: A randomized, double-blinded clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Ebrahim","family":"Kouchaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Rafiei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Ghaderi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad-Javad","family":"Azadchehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fateme","family":"Safa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kosar","family":"Omidian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adeleh","family":"Khodabakhshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7380-3790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farhad","family":"Vahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahador","family":"Rezapoor-Kafteroodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid-Reza","family":"Banafshe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasim","family":"Safa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.02.033","article-title":"Dietary inflammatory index and risk of multiple sclerosis: findings from a large population-based incident case\u2013control study","volume":"39","author":"Abdollahpour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Nutrit."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2020.1755792","article-title":"The role of dietary antioxidant index and index of nutritional quality in MS onset: finding from an Iranian population-based incident case\u2013control study","volume":"25","author":"Abdollahpour","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0003","first-page":"516","article-title":"Probable antioxidant therapy of Saffron Crocin in patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"40","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. (Taipei)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-4-12","article-title":"Comparison of Crocus sativus L. and imipramine in the treatment of mild to moderate depression: a pilot double-blind randomized trial [ISRCTN45683816]","volume":"4","author":"Akhondzadeh","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC. Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2747","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-020-04427-0","article-title":"Effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on cognitive function. A systematic review of RCTs","volume":"41","author":"Avgerinos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurolog. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.56.6.893","article-title":"An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties","volume":"56","author":"Beck","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004","article-title":"An inventory for measuring depression","volume":"4","author":"Beck","year":"1961","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0008","series-title":"Protective Role of Natural Products and Bioactive Compounds in Multiple sclerosis, Treatments, Nutraceuticals, Supplements, and Herbal Medicine in Neurological Disorders","first-page":"453","author":"Bhatti","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0009","first-page":"1602","article-title":"Neuroprotective potency of saffron against neuropsychiatric diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and other brain disorders: from bench to bedside","author":"Bian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/WOX.0b013e3182439613","article-title":"Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense","volume":"5","author":"Birben","year":"2012","journal-title":"World Aller. Organ. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000001118","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) for treating mild to moderate depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"208","author":"Dai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s13317-016-0083-0","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species in organ-specific autoimmunity","volume":"7","author":"Di Dalmazi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Highlight."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0013","series-title":"Aqueous Extract of Saffron (Crocus Sativus) Increases Brain Dopamine and Glutamate Concentrations in Rats","author":"Ettehadi","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0014","first-page":"1","article-title":"The protective effects of crocin in the management of neurodegenerative diseases: a review","volume":"7","author":"Farkhondeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Neurodegener. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370404900302","article-title":"The neuropsychiatry of multiple sclerosis","volume":"49","author":"Feinstein","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Can. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511417835","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis and depression","volume":"17","author":"Feinstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Multip. Scleros. J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp070","article-title":"The relation between inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis brains","volume":"132","author":"Frischer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2012.08.081","article-title":"Effects of the active constituents of Crocus Sativus L., crocins, in an animal model of obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","volume":"528","author":"Georgiadou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2714","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6445","article-title":"Clinical and metabolic responses to crocin in patients under methadone maintenance treatment: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"33","author":"Ghaderi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2009.690.695","article-title":"Effect of ethanol extract of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on the inhibition of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57bl\/6 mice","volume":"12","author":"Ghazavi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pak. J. Biolog. Sci.: PJBS"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22410","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.22410","article-title":"Effects of crocin in reducing DNA damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress in multiple sclerosis patients: a double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial","volume":"33","author":"Ghiasian","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-004-0348-9","article-title":"The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: the need for effective antioxidant therapy","volume":"251","author":"Gilgun-Sherki","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2020.111521","article-title":"Crocin: a fighter against inflammation and pain","volume":"143","author":"Hashemzaei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.3736\/jintegrmed2013056","article-title":"Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"11","author":"Hausenblas","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Integr. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2020.05.049","article-title":"Treatment of multiple sclerosis: a review","volume":"133","author":"Hauser","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s13318-017-0449-3","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic properties of saffron and its active components","volume":"43","author":"Hosseini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2597","article-title":"Anxiolytic and hypnotic effect of Crocus sativus aqueous extract and its constituents, crocin and safranal, in mice","volume":"23","author":"Hosseinzadeh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phytother. Res.: An Int. J. Devot. Pharmacolog. Toxicolog. Evaluat. Nat. Prod. Derivat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0028","article-title":"Effects of saffron extract supplementation on mood, well-being, and response to a psychosocial stressor in healthy adults: A randomized, double-blind, parallel group, clinical trial","volume":"365","author":"Jackson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-018-1015-8","article-title":"Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation should be both considered in the occurrence of fatigue and depression in multiple sclerosis","volume":"120","author":"Katarina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Belg."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.3390\/cells7120274","article-title":"The role of mitochondria in reactive oxygen species generation and its implications for neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"7","author":"Kausar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0031","first-page":"136","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Persian version of Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)","volume":"66","author":"Kaviani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tehran Univ. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2017.06.001","article-title":"Affron\u00ae a novel saffron extract (Crocus sativus L.) improves mood in healthy adults over 4 weeks in a double-blind, parallel, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"33","author":"Kell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Complement. Ther. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S199343","article-title":"The efficacy of Crocus sativus (Saffron) versus placebo and fluoxetine in treating depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Khaksarian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol. Res. Behav. Manage"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1557","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of Crocin in autoimmune diseases: a review","volume":"45","author":"Korani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biofactors"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2705","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh641","article-title":"Cortical demyelination and diffuse white matter injury in multiple sclerosis","volume":"128","author":"Kutzelnigg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2011.08.004","article-title":"The molecular basis of neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis","volume":"585","author":"Lassmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2015.09.018","article-title":"Oxidative stress and its impact on neurons and glia in multiple sclerosis lesions","volume":"1862","author":"Lassmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecul. Basis Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.12.005","article-title":"Mechanistic explanations how cell-mediated immune activation, inflammation and oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways and their sequels and concomitants play a role in the pathophysiology of unipolar depression","volume":"36","author":"Leonard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2434","article-title":"Saffron (Crocus sativus) for depression: a systematic review of clinical studies and examination of underlying antidepressant mechanisms of action","volume":"29","author":"Lopresti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Psychopharmacol.: Clin. Exper."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153699","article-title":"Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and health outcomes: a meta-research review of meta-analyses and an evidence mapping study","volume":"91","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-011-0111-7","article-title":"New drug targets in depression: inflammatory, cell-mediated immune, oxidative and nitrosative stress, mitochondrial, antioxidant, and neuroprogressive pathways. And new drug candidates\u2014Nrf2 activators and GSK-3 inhibitors","volume":"20","author":"Maes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458514564491","article-title":"A systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of comorbidity in multiple sclerosis: overview","volume":"21","author":"Marrie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Multip. Sclero. J."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuz023","article-title":"Effect of saffron supplementation on symptoms of depression and anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"77","author":"Marx","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0045","first-page":"56","article-title":"Cardioprotective effect of saffron extract and safranal in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in wistar rats","volume":"16","author":"Mehdizadeh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0046","first-page":"902","article-title":"Crocin reduced acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rat through inhibition of oxidative stress","volume":"18","author":"Mehri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11071528","article-title":"A review of various antioxidant compounds and their potential utility as complementary therapy in multiple sclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Miller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1006\/niox.2000.0319","article-title":"A rapid, simple spectrophotometric method for simultaneous detection of nitrate and nitrite","volume":"5","author":"Miranda","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nitric. Oxide"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6282","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-017-0843-5","article-title":"Multiple immune-inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways explain the frequent presence of depression in multiple sclerosis","volume":"55","author":"Morris","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105963","article-title":"Saffron, as an adjunct therapy, contributes to relieve depression symptoms: an umbrella meta-analysis","volume":"175","author":"Musazadeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2004.11.004","article-title":"Hydro-alcoholic extract of Crocus sativus L. versus fluoxetine in the treatment of mild to moderate depression: a double-blind, randomized pilot trial","volume":"97","author":"Noorbala","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0052","article-title":"Immunology and oxidative stress in multiple sclerosis: clinical and basic approach","volume":"2013","author":"Ortiz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2016.04.028","article-title":"The antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects of crocin pretreatment on global cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury induced by four vessels occlusion in rats","volume":"154","author":"Oruc","year":"2016","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1080\/09540261.2017.1322555","article-title":"Depression in multiple sclerosis","volume":"29","author":"Patten","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2019.07.037","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation in neurodegeneration","volume":"497","author":"Pe\u00f1a-Bautista","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinica Chimica Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282X20160131","article-title":"Effects of crocin on brain oxidative damage and aversive memory in a 6-OHDA model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"74","author":"Rajaei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arq. Neuropsiquiatr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0057","first-page":"1452","article-title":"Study of the role of CREB, BDNF, and VGF neuropeptide in long term antidepressant activity of crocin in the rat cerebellum","volume":"16","author":"Razavi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Iran. J. Pharmaceut. Res.: IJPR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2015.10.012","article-title":"Study the effects of saffron on depression and lipid profiles: a double blind comparative study","volume":"22","author":"Sahraian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phanu.2022.100308","article-title":"Crocin suppresses inflammation-induced apoptosis in rmTBI mouse model via modulation of Nrf2 transcriptional activity","volume":"21","author":"Salem","year":"2022","journal-title":"PharmaNutrition."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-500X.72352","article-title":"CONSORT 2010 statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials","volume":"1","author":"Schulz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Pharmacotherapeut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2017.10.005","article-title":"A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of saffron stigma (Crocus sativus L.) in mothers suffering from mild-to-moderate postpartum depression","volume":"36","author":"Tabeshpour","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.11.035","article-title":"Crocin, the main active saffron constituent, as an adjunctive treatment in major depressive disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot clinical trial","volume":"174","author":"Talaei","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12081719","article-title":"Pro- and antioxidant effect of food items and matrices during simulated in vitro digestion","volume":"12","author":"Vahid","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520970841","article-title":"Rising prevalence of multiple sclerosis worldwide: insights from the Atlas of MS","volume":"26","author":"Walton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Multip. Scleros. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2013.11.007","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis","volume":"20","author":"Witte","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trend. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2019.112699","article-title":"Antidepressant activity of crocin-I is associated with amelioration of neuroinflammation and attenuates oxidative damage induced by corticosterone in mice","volume":"212","author":"Xiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-017-0899-8","article-title":"Crocin inhibits oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory response of microglial cells associated with diabetic retinopathy through the activation of PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway","volume":"61","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Molecul. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454_bib0068","first-page":"334","article-title":"Immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of Crocus sativus (Saffron) and its main active constituents: a review","volume":"22","author":"Zeinali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci."}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034824000336?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034824000336?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T09:11:50Z","timestamp":1761901910000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211034824000336"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":67,"alternative-id":["S2211034824000336"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-0348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-0348","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of crocin on inflammatory biomarkers and mental health status in patients with multiple sclerosis: A randomized, double-blinded clinical trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105454","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105454"}}