{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T08:53:07Z","timestamp":1789203187466,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","msard-journal.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T16:33:02Z","timestamp":1715358782000},"page":"105673","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Investigating the effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on clinical outcomes in multiple sclerosis patients: A randomized, double-blind clinical trial- a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Zhila","family":"Maghbooli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arash","family":"Shirvani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdorreza Naser","family":"Moghadasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarlan","family":"Varzandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Hamtaei Ghashti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Ali","family":"Sahraian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673_bib0001","first-page":"38","article-title":"Redefining acute relapses in multiple sclerosis: implications for phase 3 clinical trials and treatment algorithms","volume":"14","author":"Avasarala","year":"2017","journal-title":"Innov. Clin. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980050058","article-title":"Vitamin D and its major metabolites: serum levels after graded oral dosing in healthy men","volume":"8","author":"Barger-Lux","year":"1998","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458515600248","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis patients have a diminished serologic response to vitamin D supplementation compared to healthy controls","volume":"22","author":"Bhargava","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2114","article-title":"Serum concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in response to vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 supplementation","volume":"98","author":"Biancuzzo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.551","article-title":"Oral supplementation with 25(OH)D3 versus vitamin D3: effects on 25(OH)D levels, lower extremity function, blood pressure, and markers of innate immunity","volume":"27","author":"Bischoff-Ferrari","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Bone. Miner. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00126","article-title":"Skeletal and extraskeletal actions of vitamin D: current evidence and outstanding questions","volume":"40","author":"Bouillon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2018.05.006","article-title":"Does the environment influence multiple sclerosis pathogenesis via UVB light and\/or induction of vitamin D?","volume":"329","author":"Breuer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241210200","article-title":"Effect of 12-week BMI-based vitamin D(3) supplementation in Parkinson's disease with deep brain stimulation on physical performance, inflammation, and vitamin D metabolites","volume":"24","author":"Bytowska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.031427","article-title":"Relative effectiveness of oral 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and vitamin D3 in raising wintertime serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in older adults","volume":"95","author":"Cashman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673_bib0010","first-page":"59","article-title":"High-dose vitamin D3 supplementation in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomised clinical trial","author":"Cassard","year":"2023","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glz041","article-title":"Three Doses of Vitamin D and Cognitive Outcomes in Older Women: a Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"75","author":"Castle","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A. Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11051016","article-title":"Hypovitaminosis D: is it time to consider the use of calcifediol?","volume":"11","author":"Cesareo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11051016","article-title":"Hypovitaminosis D: is it time to consider the use of calcifediol?","volume":"11","author":"Cesareo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12072097","article-title":"Immunologic effects of vitamin D on human health and disease","volume":"12","author":"Charoenngam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2012.694912","article-title":"Validity and reliability of a Persian translation of the Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in Multiple Sclerosis (MACFIMS)","volume":"26","author":"Eshaghi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropsychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12030783","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation in multiple sclerosis: a critical analysis of potentials and threats","volume":"12","author":"Feige","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10080953","article-title":"Development of vitamin D toxicity from overcorrection of vitamin D deficiency: a review of case reports","volume":"10","author":"Galior","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20070","article-title":"Psychometric properties of a Persian-language version of the Beck Depression Inventory\u2013Second edition: BDI-II-PERSIAN","volume":"21","author":"Ghassemzadeh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673_bib0019","first-page":"395","article-title":"Fatigue in Iranian patients with neurological conditions: an assessment with Persian Fatigue Severity Scale","volume":"7","author":"Ghotbi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Sci. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.IJPVM_208_20","article-title":"Effect of vitamin D supplements on relapse rate and expanded disability status scale (EDSS) in multiple sclerosis (MS): a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Hanaei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Prev. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2010.02.010","article-title":"Vitamin D and the immune system: new perspectives on an old theme","volume":"39","author":"Hewison","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North. Am."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0385","article-title":"Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline","volume":"96","author":"Holick","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1906","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008445","article-title":"Randomized trial of daily high-dose vitamin D(3) in patients with RRMS receiving subcutaneous interferon \u03b2-1a","volume":"93","author":"Hupperts","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23253","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-02485-8","article-title":"Effect of vitamin D on cognitive decline: results from two ancillary studies of the VITAL randomized trial","volume":"11","author":"Kang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/86.3.645","article-title":"Safety of vitamin D3 in adults with multiple sclerosis","volume":"86","author":"Kimball","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.116668","article-title":"Associations of serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels with clinical and radiological outcomes in multiple sclerosis, a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"411","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Lapiscina","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2893","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-9074-6","article-title":"Vitamin D for the treatment of multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis","volume":"265","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-004-1014-5","article-title":"The short form health survey (SF-36): translation and validation study of the Iranian version","volume":"14","author":"Montazeri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Qual. Life. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2016.01.014","article-title":"Vitamin D(3) and calcidiol are not equipotent","volume":"164","author":"Navarro-Valverde","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Steroid. Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-017-0086-4","article-title":"Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis: a comprehensive review","volume":"7","author":"Sintzel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol. Ther."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15235","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015235","article-title":"Safety and T cell modulating effects of high dose vitamin D3 supplementation in multiple sclerosis","volume":"5","author":"Smolders","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061617","article-title":"Cholecalciferol or calcifediol in the management of vitamin D deficiency","volume":"12","author":"Sosa Henr\u00edquez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6097820","article-title":"Low vitamin D and its association with cognitive impairment and dementia","volume":"2020","author":"Sultan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Aging. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280215588241","article-title":"Estimating the sample size for a pilot randomised trial to minimise the overall trial sample size for the external pilot and main trial for a continuous outcome variable","volume":"25","author":"Whitehead","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stat. Methods. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.05.008","article-title":"The efficacy of vitamin D in multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034824002505?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034824002505?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,13]],"date-time":"2024-07-13T12:07:02Z","timestamp":1720872422000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211034824002505"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S2211034824002505"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-0348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-0348","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Investigating the effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on clinical outcomes in multiple sclerosis patients: A randomized, double-blind clinical trial- a pilot study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105673","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105673"}}