{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T21:29:30Z","timestamp":1787261370622,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","msard-journal.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T23:46:02Z","timestamp":1718235962000},"page":"105721","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Using machine learning algorithms to detect fear of falling in people with multiple sclerosis in standardized gait analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Paula","family":"Schumann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Trentzsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"St\u00f6lzer-Hutsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thurid","family":"Jochim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Scholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hagen","family":"Malberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8799-8202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tjalf","family":"Ziemssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215623","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3040650","article-title":"Ensemble feature ranking for cost-based non-overlapping groups: a case study of chronic kidney disease diagnosis in developing countries","volume":"8","author":"Ali","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0002","series-title":"Psychosomatik und \u0420sychotherapie","author":"Arndt","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.722830","article-title":"Effect of fear of falling on mobility measured during lab and daily activity assessments in Parkinson's disease","volume":"13","author":"Atrsaei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10115-012-0487-8","article-title":"A review of feature selection methods on synthetic data","author":"Bol\u00f3n-Canedo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Knowl. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2011.06.006","article-title":"An ensemble of filters and classifiers for microarray data classification","volume":"45","author":"Bol\u00f3n-Canedo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pattern. Recognit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0006","series-title":"Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Data Mining, ICDM","first-page":"306","article-title":"Feature selection algorithms: A survey and experimental evaluation","author":"Carlos Molina","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12080990","article-title":"Factors associated with fear of falling in individuals with different types of mild cognitive impairment","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"brain sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-023-04298-y","article-title":"Relationship between fear of falling and fall risk among older patients with stroke: a structural equation modeling","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC. Geriatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0009","first-page":"1","article-title":"Differentiating cognitive or motor dimensions associated with the perception of fall-related self-efficacy in Parkinson's disease","volume":"4","author":"Chomiak","year":"2018","journal-title":"NPJ Park. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3653","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-07734-y","article-title":"Longitudinal relationships between disability and gait characteristics in people with MS","volume":"12","author":"Dreyer-Alster","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0011","series-title":"The WEKA Workbench. Online Appendix for \u201cData Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques","author":"Frank","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458512471882","article-title":"Modern communication technology skills of patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"19","author":"Haase","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2008.239","article-title":"Learning from imbalanced data","volume":"21","author":"He","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.60.1.31","article-title":"Measuring the impact of MS on walking ability: The 12-item MS Walking Scale (MSWS-12)","volume":"60","author":"Hobart","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2013.10.012","article-title":"The relationship between fear of falling to spatiotemporal gait parameters measured by an instrumented treadmill in people with multiple sclerosis","volume":"39","author":"Kalron","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gait. Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13689","article-title":"Neural correlates of gait variability in people with multiple sclerosis with fall history","volume":"25","author":"Kalron","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.32598\/JRH.12.5.2025.1","article-title":"Relationship between multiple sclerosis severity and fear of falling with mediating roles of disability, cognitive factors, and physical factors among patients with MS","volume":"12","author":"Kohestani","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Res. Heal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0018","first-page":"25","article-title":"Handling imbalanced datasets: A review","volume":"30","author":"Kotsiantis","year":"2006","journal-title":"GESTS Int. Trans. Comput. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.33.11.1444","article-title":"Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: An expanded disability status scale (EDSS)","volume":"33","author":"Kurtzke","year":"1983","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2017.07.034","article-title":"Does fear of falling predict gait variability in multiple sclerosis?","volume":"380","author":"Laidet","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2005.66","article-title":"Toward integrating feature selection algorithms for classification and clustering","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12289","article-title":"Relationship between fear of falling and physical activity in people aging with a disability","volume":"12","author":"Matsuda","year":"2020","journal-title":"PM&R"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20100380","article-title":"Understanding falls in multiple sclerosis: association of mobility status, concerns about falling, and accumulated impairments","volume":"92","author":"Matsuda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.7224\/1537-2073.2014-042","article-title":"Fear of falling is associated with recurrent falls in people with multiple sclerosis","volume":"17","author":"Mazumder","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. MS Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12811","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-92353-2","article-title":"The application of principal component analysis to characterize gait and its association with falls in multiple sclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Monaghan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458514538884","article-title":"Falls in people with MS - An individual data meta-analysis from studies from Australia, Sweden, United Kingdom and the United States","volume":"21","author":"Nilsagard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0027","first-page":"1833","article-title":"Permutation tests for studying classifier performance markus Ojala","volume":"11","author":"Ojala","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0028","first-page":"2825","article-title":"Scikit-learn: machine learning in Python","volume":"12","author":"Pedregosa","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-016-1668-5","article-title":"Postural control is associated with cognition and fear of falling in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"124","author":"Perrochon","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btm344","article-title":"A review of feature selection techniques in bioinformatics","volume":"23","author":"Saeys","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bioinformatics."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102609","article-title":"Fear of falling and falls in people with multiple sclerosis: A literature review","volume":"47","author":"Scholz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12111477","article-title":"Detection of fall risk in multiple sclerosis by gait analysis\u2014an innovative approach using feature selection ensemble and machine learning algorithms","volume":"12","author":"Schumann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2018.02.007","article-title":"On developing an automatic threshold applied to feature selection ensembles","volume":"45","author":"Seijo-Pardo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inf. Fusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/09593985.2023.2229903","article-title":"The effect of balance, walking capacity, and fear of falling on the level of community integration in individuals with Multiple Sclerosis: A cross-sectional study","author":"S\u00f6ylemez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Physiother. Theory Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218001409007326","article-title":"Classification of imbalanced data: A review","volume":"23","author":"Sun","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Pattern Recognit. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104638","article-title":"Fear of falling and concern about falling in individuals with relapsing-remitting MS and progressive MS","volume":"73","author":"Takla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0037","first-page":"236","article-title":"How right are multiple sclerosis patients in fear of falling? a comparative study","volume":"9","author":"Tekin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hacettepe Univ. Fac. Heal. Sci. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0038","unstructured":"The MathWorks, Inc., Natick, MA, USA. The Statistics and Machine Learning ToolboxTM: User's Guide v12.2 [WWW Document], 2021. URL https:\/\/de.mathworks.com\/help\/pdf_doc\/stats\/stats.pdf (accessed 3.6.22)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.582046","article-title":"The dresden protocol for multidimensional walking assessment (DMWA) in clinical practice","volume":"14","author":"Trentzsch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2004.04.003","article-title":"Diversity in search strategies for ensemble feature selection","volume":"6","author":"Tsymbal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Inf. Fusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2012.10.034","article-title":"Falls efficacy scale-international: A cross-sectional validation in people with multiple sclerosis","volume":"94","author":"Van Vliet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-016-8210-4","article-title":"Development of the multiple sclerosis (MS) early mobility impairment questionnaire (EMIQ)","volume":"263","author":"Ziemssen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurol."}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034824002980?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034824002980?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T03:21:16Z","timestamp":1723605676000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211034824002980"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S2211034824002980"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-0348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-0348","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Using machine learning algorithms to detect fear of falling in people with multiple sclerosis in standardized gait analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105721","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105721"}}