{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T11:50:25Z","timestamp":1783770625226,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005614","name":"Biogen Idec Inc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005614","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","msard-journal.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T00:50:48Z","timestamp":1725324648000},"page":"105847","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A 2-stage model of heterogenous treatment effects for brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis utilizing the MS PATHS research network"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5716-5645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carrie M.","family":"Hersh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaonan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devon S.","family":"Conway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elias S.","family":"Sotirchos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn C.","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le H.","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tjalf","family":"Ziemssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert T.","family":"Naismith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Pellegrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Grossman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nolan","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105847_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.2217\/nmt-2021-0058","article-title":"Updates and advances in multiple sclerosis neurotherapeutics","volume":"13","author":"Amin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurodegener Dis Manag"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105847_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2007.02.004","article-title":"Potential genetic causes of heterogeneity of treatment effects","volume":"120","author":"Goldstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105847_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-020-01145-1","article-title":"Predictive approaches to heterogeneous treatment effects: a scoping review","volume":"20","author":"Rekkas","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105847_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"k4245","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k4245","article-title":"Personalized evidence based medicine: predictive approaches to heterogeneous treatment effects","volume":"363","author":"Kent","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105847_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585231189673","article-title":"Assessing heterogeneity of treatment effect in multiple sclerosis trials","volume":"29","author":"Sormani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105847_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4362","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.9034","article-title":"A two-stage prediction model for heterogeneous effects of treatments","volume":"40","author":"Chalkou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105847_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181e24136","article-title":"Assessing brain atrophy rates in a large population of untreated multiple sclerosis subtypes","volume":"74","author":"De Stefano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105847_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000173061.12776.1f","article-title":"Long-term clinical outcome of primary progressive MS: predictive value of clinical and MRI data","volume":"65","author":"Sastre-Garriga","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105847_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.124123","article-title":"Predicting short-term disability progression in early multiple sclerosis: added value of MRI parameters","volume":"79","author":"Minneboo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105847_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.171769","article-title":"Brain atrophy and lesion load measures over 1 year relate to clinical status after 6 years in patients with clinically isolated syndromes","volume":"81","author":"Di Filippo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105847_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.1025","article-title":"Association of Brain Atrophy With Disease Progression Independent of Relapse Activity in Patients With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"79","author":"Cagol","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105847_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24018","article-title":"Treatment effect on brain atrophy correlates with treatment effect on disability in multiple sclerosis","volume":"75","author":"Sormani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105847_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-0314-x","article-title":"MAGNIMS consensus recommendations on the use of brain and spinal cord atrophy measures in clinical practice","volume":"16","author":"Sastre-Garriga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105847_bib0014","first-page":"11","article-title":"Harnessing Real-World Data to Inform Decision-Making: Multiple Sclerosis Partners Advancing Technology and Health Solutions (MS PATHS)","author":"Mowry","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105847_bib0015","article-title":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Metrics in Routine Clinical Practice: Proof of Concept in MS PATHS (Multiple Sclerosis Partners Advancing Technology for Health Solutions) (1356)","volume":"94","author":"Fisher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105847_bib0016","first-page":"1","article-title":"Real-world effectiveness of dimethyl fumarate versus fingolimod in a cohort of patients with multiple sclerosis using standardized, quantitative outcome metrics","volume":"8","author":"Hersh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105847_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2019.116498","article-title":"Comparative discontinuation, effectiveness, and switching practices of dimethyl fumarate and fingolimod at 36-month follow-up","volume":"407","author":"Vollmer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105847_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000487","article-title":"Discontinuation and comparative effectiveness of dimethyl fumarate and fingolimod in 2 centers","volume":"8","author":"Vollmer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105847_bib0019","first-page":"95","article-title":"Determining the effectiveness of early intensive versus escalation approaches for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: The DELIVER-MS study protocol","author":"Ontaneda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105847_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458512473190","article-title":"Early brain pseudoatrophy while on natalizumab therapy is due to white matter volume changes","volume":"19","author":"Vidal-Jordana","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105847_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458519881558","article-title":"A roadmap to precision medicine for multiple sclerosis","volume":"26","author":"Chitnis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Multiple Sclerosis Journal"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105847_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2010.10.038","article-title":"Population structure and HLA DRB1 1501 in the response of subjects with multiple sclerosis to first-line treatments","volume":"233","author":"Gross","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105847_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-006-0503-6","article-title":"Cortical atrophy is relevant in multiple sclerosis at clinical onset","volume":"254","author":"Calabrese","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105847_bib0024","article-title":"Brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis: mechanisms, clinical relevance and treatment options","volume":"10","author":"Andravizou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Auto Immun Highlights"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105847_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2016.07.003","article-title":"Brain health: time matters in multiple sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Giovannoni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105847_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1177\/135245850000600601","article-title":"Brain atrophy in relapsing multiple sclerosis: relationship to relapses, EDSS, and treatment with interferon beta-1a","volume":"6","author":"Rudick","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105847_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11030346","article-title":"Neuroimaging Correlates of Cognitive Dysfunction in Adults with Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Petracca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105847_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5876","article-title":"Brain Atrophy Is Associated with Disability Progression in Patients with MS followed in a Clinical Routine","volume":"39","author":"Ghione","year":"2018","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105847_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907839","article-title":"Oral fingolimod or intramuscular interferon for relapsing multiple sclerosis","volume":"362","author":"Cohen","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9856","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105847_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61769-3","article-title":"Alemtuzumab versus interferon beta 1a as first-line treatment for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial","volume":"380","author":"Cohen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9856","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105847_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61768-1","article-title":"Alemtuzumab for patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis after disease-modifying therapy: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial","volume":"380","author":"Coles","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034824004243?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034824004243?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,23]],"date-time":"2024-11-23T04:29:41Z","timestamp":1732336181000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211034824004243"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["S2211034824004243"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105847","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-0348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-0348","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A 2-stage model of heterogenous treatment effects for brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis utilizing the MS PATHS research network","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105847","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105847"}}