{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T03:36:15Z","timestamp":1790998575412,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","msard-journal.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T05:58:37Z","timestamp":1741240717000},"page":"106377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Kappa-free light chain as a practical alternative to oligoclonal bands in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Yesim","family":"Beckmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilan","family":"D\u00fczta\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cihat","family":"Uzunk\u00f6pr\u00fc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sedat","family":"\u015een","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6khan","family":"Arslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Demet G\u00fcr","family":"Vural","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murat","family":"Terzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106377_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3931","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac220","article-title":"The kappa free light chain index and oligoclonal bands have a similar role in the McDonald criteria","volume":"145","author":"Arrambide","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106377_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1005","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001005","article-title":"Kappa-free light chains in CSF predict early Multiple sclerosis disease activity","volume":"8","author":"Berek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106377_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585211064121","article-title":"The contribute of cerebrospinal fluid free light-chain assay in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases in an Italian multicenter study","volume":"28","author":"Bernardi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106377_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.827738","article-title":"High levels of cerebrospinal fluid kappa free light chains relate to igm intrathecal synthesis and might have prognostic implications in relapsing multiple sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Castillo-Villalba","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"339","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106377_bib0005","article-title":"Kappa free light chains index in the differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis from Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and other immune-mediated central nervous system disorders","volume":"15","author":"Cavalla","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106377_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14121","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid kappa and lambda free light chains in oligoclonal band-negative patients with suspected multiple sclerosis","volume":"27","author":"Ferraro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106377_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.62.6.865","article-title":"Recommended standard of cerebrospinal fluid analysis in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: a consensus statement","volume":"62","author":"Freedman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106377_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"08","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.010710","article-title":"Detection of oligoclonal free kappa chains in the absence of oligoclonal IgG in the CSF of patients with suspected multiple sclerosis","volume":"75","author":"Goffette","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106377_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10060324","article-title":"Kappa free light chains and IgG combined in a novel algorithm for the detection of multiple sclerosis","volume":"10","author":"Gudowska-Sawczuk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106377_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215410","article-title":"The clinical significance of single or double bands in cerebrospinal fluid isoelectric focusing. A retrospective study and systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Hegen","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106377_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585221134217","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid kappa free light chains for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: a consensus statement","volume":"29","author":"Hegen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Multiple Scler. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106377_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585221134213","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid kappa free light chains for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Hegen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Multiple Scler. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106377_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1327947","article-title":"Diagnostic value of kappa free light chain index in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis- a multicentre study","volume":"14","author":"Hegen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106377_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458519845844","article-title":"Kappa free light chains is a valid tool in the diagnostics of MS: a large multicenter study","volume":"26","author":"Leurs","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106377_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200049","article-title":"Kappa free light chain biomarkers are efficient for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis","volume":"10","author":"Levraut","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106377_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.3109\/00365517709091498","article-title":"Principles of albumin and IgG analyses in neurological disorders. III. Evaluation of IgG synthesis within the central nervous system in multiple sclerosis","volume":"37","author":"Link","year":"1977","journal-title":"Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106377_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1288169","article-title":"Establishing the best combination of the kappa free light chain index and oligoclonal bands for an accurate diagnosis of multiple sclerosis","author":"Monreal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106377_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15500","article-title":"Kappa free light chain index as a diagnostic biomarker in multiple sclerosis: a real-world investigation","volume":"159","author":"Rosenstein","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106377_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosenstein, I., Axelsson, M., Novakova, L., Rasch, S., Blennow, K., Zetterberg, H., Lycke, J., 2023. High levels of kappa free light chain synthesis predict cognitive decline in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. 20 (14),1106028.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1106028"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106377_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-008-0954-z","article-title":"Elevated levels of kappa free light chains in CSF support the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis","volume":"255","author":"Presslauer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106377_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2021.09.014","article-title":"CSF kappa free light chains: cutoff validation for diagnosing multiple sclerosis","volume":"97","author":"Saadeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106377_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3796","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19123796","article-title":"The persisting significance of oligoclonal bands in the dawning era of kappa free light chains for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis","volume":"19","author":"Schwenkenbecher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106377_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e88680","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088680","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulin kappa light chain in clinically isolated syndrome and multiple sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Senel","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106377_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00641","article-title":"CSF free light chains as a marker of intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis in multiple sclerosis: a blood-CSF barrier related evaluation in a large cohort","volume":"10","author":"Senel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106377_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2","article-title":"Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria","volume":"17","author":"Thompson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106377_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6010","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-11952-3","article-title":"A dynamic interpretation of \u03baFLC index for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: a change of perspective","volume":"28","author":"Toscano","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106377_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4539","article-title":"Revised recommendations of the Consortium of MS Centers Task Force for a standardized MRI protocol and clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and follow-up of Multiple sclerosis","volume":"37","author":"Traboulsee","year":"2016","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106377_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20329","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77029-7","article-title":"Intrathecal kappa free light chains as markers for multiple sclerosis","volume":"23","author":"Vecchio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106377_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12826-y","article-title":"Kappa index for multiple sclerosis diagnosis: an accurate biomarker of intrathecal synthesis","volume":"272","author":"Vecchio","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neurol."}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034825001191?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034825001191?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T08:25:46Z","timestamp":1746606346000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211034825001191"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S2211034825001191"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106377","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-0348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-0348","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Kappa-free light chain as a practical alternative to oligoclonal bands in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106377","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106377"}}