{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:09:29Z","timestamp":1790140169023,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773964800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":323,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS109023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS109023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","msard-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]],"date-time":"2025-03-15T19:34:03Z","timestamp":1742067243000},"page":"106391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Validation of the Patient-Determined Disease Steps in ambulatory older adults with multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2071-027X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert C.","family":"Leavenworth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark E.","family":"Wagshul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert W.","family":"Motl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick W.","family":"Foley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6639-0724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roee","family":"Holtzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1080\/09593985.2020.1839988","article-title":"Translation and validation of the arabic version of the patient determined disease steps in people with multiple sclerosis","volume":"38","author":"Aldughmi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physiother Theory. Pract."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.7224\/1537-2073.2021-102","article-title":"A systematic review of the validity and reliability of the patient-determined disease steps scale","volume":"25","author":"Ann Marrie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. MS Care."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617711000403","article-title":"Upper and lower extremity motor function and cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis","volume":"17","author":"Benedict","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-019-03875-7","article-title":"Aging with multiple sclerosis: prevalence and profile of cognitive impairment","volume":"40","author":"Branco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurolog. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011341","article-title":"A longitudinal study of abnormalities on MRI and disability from Multiple sclerosis","volume":"346","author":"Brex","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-021-09479-3","article-title":"Gray matter atrophy in the cortico-striatal-thalamic network and sensorimotor network in relapsing\u2013Remitting and primary progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"31","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0007","series-title":"Statistical Power Analysis For the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2012.02.003","article-title":"Cognitive and motor functioning in patients with multiple sclerosis: neuropsychological predictors of walking speed and falls","volume":"316","author":"D'Orio","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.02.022","article-title":"Validation of the Brazilian version of the patient-determined disease steps scale in persons with multiple sclerosis","volume":"30","author":"de David","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102673","article-title":"Effect of Ozanimod on symbol digit modalities test performance in relapsing MS","volume":"48","author":"DeLuca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1177\/135245859900500409","article-title":"The Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite Measure (MSFC): an integrated approach to MS clinical outcome assessment. National MS Society Clinical Outcomes Assessment Task Force","volume":"5","author":"Fischer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.021","article-title":"FreeSurfer","volume":"62","author":"Fischl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00569-X","article-title":"Whole brain segmentation: automated labeling of neuroanatomical structures in the human brain","volume":"33","author":"Fischl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhg087","article-title":"Automatically parcellating the human cerebral cortex","volume":"14","author":"Fischl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16046","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.16046","article-title":"The Patient-Determined Disease Steps scale is not interchangeable with the Expanded Disease Status Scale in mild to moderate multiple sclerosis","volume":"31","author":"Foong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0016","article-title":"White matter lesion location correlates with disability in relapsing multiple sclerosis","volume":"6","author":"Gaetano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J. Exp. Transl. Clin."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.25100\/cm.v44i3.1181","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the short physical Performance battery (SPPB): a pilot study on mobility in the Colombian Andes","volume":"44","author":"G\u00f3mez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Colomb. Med. (Cali)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M221","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/55.4.M221","article-title":"Lower extremity function and subsequent disability: consistency across studies, predictive models, and value of gait speed alone compared with the short physical performance battery","volume":"55","author":"Guralnik","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Series A: Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-6-100","article-title":"Fatigue characteristics in multiple sclerosis: the North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis (NARCOMS) survey","volume":"6","author":"Hadjimichael","year":"2008","journal-title":"Health Qual. Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.206650","article-title":"Correlation between white matter damage and gray matter lesions in multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"12","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neural. Regen. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00606","article-title":"Thalamic atrophy predicts 5-year disability progression in multiple sclerosis","volume":"11","author":"H\u00e4nninen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.67.2.148","article-title":"Benign multiple sclerosis? Clinical course, long term follow up, and assessment of prognostic factors","volume":"67","author":"Hawkins","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurol., Neurosur. Psych."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150817","article-title":"Moderate-to-high intensity physical exercise in patients with Alzheimer's Disease: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"50","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105671","article-title":"Life space assessment and falls in older adults with multiple sclerosis","volume":"87","author":"Holtzer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.7.823","article-title":"Within-person across-neuropsychological test variability and incident dementia","volume":"300","author":"Holtzer","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102637","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of a large multi-center cohort of people with multiple sclerosis over age 60","volume":"47","author":"Hua","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102512","article-title":"Clinical outcome measures in multiple sclerosis: a review","volume":"19","author":"Inojosa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-020-01478-0","article-title":"The impairment of the functional system and fatigue at the onset of the disease predict reaching disability milestones in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis differently in female and male patients","volume":"121","author":"Ivaniuk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta. Neurol. Belg."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000462309.76486.c5","article-title":"Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis: the 2013 revisions","volume":"84","author":"Jacques","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0030","first-page":"512","article-title":"Further validation of the patient-determined disease steps for measurement of disability in persons with multiple sclerosis","volume":"21","author":"Kahraman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Multiple Scler. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1080\/09593985.2019.1633715","article-title":"Cross-cultural adaptation, validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the patient determined disease steps scale in persons with multiple sclerosis","volume":"37","author":"Kahraman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiother. Theory Pract."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-018-1843-y","article-title":"The relationship between gait variability and cognitive functions differs between fallers and non-fallers in MS","volume":"125","author":"Kalron","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5319","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11171-2","article-title":"The timed 25-foot walk is a more sensitive outcome measure than the EDSS for PPMS trials: an analysis of the PROMISE clinical trial dataset","volume":"269","author":"Koch","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1560","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012690","article-title":"Comparison of the EDSS, timed 25-foot walk, and the 9-hole peg test as clinical trial outcomes in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"97","author":"Koch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1989.00520460115022","article-title":"The fatigue severity scale. Application to patients with multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"46","author":"Krupp","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.33.11.1444","article-title":"Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS)","volume":"33","author":"Kurtzke","year":"1983","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.02.014","article-title":"Online validation of the Italian version of the patient determined disease steps scale (PDDS) in people with multiple sclerosis","volume":"21","author":"Lavorgna","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2017.09.027","article-title":"Validity and reproducibility of the Italian version of the patient determined disease steps scale in people with multiple sclerosis","volume":"18","author":"Lavorgna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-13-37","article-title":"Validation of patient determined disease steps (PDDS) scale scores in persons with multiple sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Learmonth","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2007.01974.x","article-title":"A prospective study of patterns of fatigue in multiple sclerosis","volume":"14","author":"Lerdal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1562","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000200006","article-title":"Relationship between white matter lesions and gray matter atrophy in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review","volume":"98","author":"Lie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5183","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-021-05165-7","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: diagnosis and monitoring","volume":"42","author":"Meca-Lallana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11044-8","article-title":"The association between cognition and motor performance is beyond structural damage in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis","author":"Mistri","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-024-03871-1","article-title":"Middle-range scores from the patient determined disease steps scale reflect varying levels of walking dysfunction in multiple sclerosis","volume":"24","author":"Motl","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1519\/JPT.0000000000000115","article-title":"Physical function in older adults with multiple sclerosis: an application of the short Physical performance battery","volume":"41","author":"Motl","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Geriatr. Phys. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.105354","article-title":"Initial validation of the university of Alabama Birmingham study of aging life-space assessment in older adults with multiple sclerosis","volume":"82","author":"Motl","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.04.041","article-title":"Pallidal and caudate volumes correlate with walking function in multiple sclerosis","volume":"354","author":"Motl","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0048","unstructured":"Randolph, C., Pearson Education, I., & PsychCorp. (2012). RBANS update : repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status. In (pp. 1 Manual (xiii, 182 pages) : illustrations; 123 Cm + 181 Stimulus Booklet A + 181 Coding Scoring Template Record Form A + 125 Record Forms A; in Storage Box (131\u00d7124\u00d7187 cm)). Bloomington, Minn.: NCS Pearson : PsychCorp Bloomington, Minn."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458504ms1085oa","article-title":"Prevalence and treatment of spasticity reported by multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"10","author":"Rizzo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-015-7763-y","article-title":"Cognitive impairment and memory disorders in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: the role of white matter, gray matter and hippocampus","volume":"262","author":"Sacco","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.11.032","article-title":"An automated tool for detection of FLAIR-hyperintense white-matter lesions in Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"59","author":"Schmidt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acn.2005.07.003","article-title":"Normative symbol digit modalities test performance in a community-based sample","volume":"21","author":"Sheridan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52001-2.00017-0","article-title":"MRI outcomes in the diagnosis and disease course of multiple sclerosis","volume":"122","author":"Simon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.11.018","article-title":"Spanish validation of the telephone assessed Expanded Disability Status Scale and Patient Determined Disease Steps in people with multiple sclerosis","volume":"27","author":"Sol\u00e0-Valls","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1185\/03007990903433528","article-title":"Contribution of impaired mobility to patient burden in multiple sclerosis","volume":"26","author":"Sutliff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Res. Opin."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2","article-title":"Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria","volume":"17","author":"Thompson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4153","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15098","article-title":"Central nervous system atrophy predicts future dynamics of disability progression in a real-world multiple sclerosis cohort","volume":"28","author":"Tsagkas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517709348","article-title":"Fatigue after a first attack of suspected multiple sclerosis","volume":"24","author":"van der Vuurst de Vries","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.07.006","article-title":"Gray matter damage in multiple sclerosis: impact on clinical symptoms","volume":"303","author":"van Munster","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-017-0412-5","article-title":"Outcome measures in clinical trials for multiple sclerosis","volume":"31","author":"Van Munster","year":"2017","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1029","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007035","article-title":"The prevalence of MS in the United States: a population-based estimate using health claims data","volume":"92","author":"Wallin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520970841","article-title":"Rising prevalence of multiple sclerosis worldwide: insights from the Atlas of MS, third edition","volume":"26","author":"Walton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Multiple Scler. J."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458507076411","article-title":"Deep grey matter \"black T2\" on 3 tesla magnetic resonance imaging correlates with disability in multiple sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.2741\/1251","article-title":"Role of MRI in multiple sclerosis I: inflammation and lesions","volume":"9","author":"Zivadinov","year":"2004","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-009-0082-x","article-title":"Contribution of impaired mobility and general symptoms to the burden of multiple sclerosis","volume":"26","author":"Zwibel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv. Ther."}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034825001336?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034825001336?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T11:40:30Z","timestamp":1762602030000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211034825001336"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":65,"alternative-id":["S2211034825001336"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-0348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-0348","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Validation of the Patient-Determined Disease Steps in ambulatory older adults with multiple sclerosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106391","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106391"}}