{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:33:00Z","timestamp":1791261180534,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003000","name":"Multiple Sclerosis Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18-358f MS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18-358f MS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003000","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","msard-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]],"date-time":"2025-03-23T08:56:16Z","timestamp":1742720176000},"page":"106407","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Associations between physical fitness and structural and functional MRI measures in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: Cross-sectional findings from the exercise PRO-MS study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2458-2346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A S","family":"Gravesteijn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"van der Kruit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Bet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Beckerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M M","family":"Schoonheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O A van den","family":"Heuvel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Vriend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E E H","family":"van Wegen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B A","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V","family":"de Groot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H E","family":"Hulst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1080\/09602011.2018.1449758","article-title":"Progressive resistance exercise training and changes in resting-state functional connectivity of the caudate in persons with multiple sclerosis and severe fatigue: a proof-of-concept study","volume":"30","author":"Akbar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. Rehabil."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0039","first-page":"1285","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary exercise testing and its application","volume":"93","author":"Albouaini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0046","series-title":"ACSM Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription","year":"2014"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2009.41","article-title":"Imaging outcomes for neuroprotection and repair in multiple sclerosis trials","volume":"5","author":"Barkhof","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0042","article-title":"Graded exercise testing protocols for the determination of VO(2)max: historical perspectives, progress, and future considerations","volume":"2016","author":"Beltz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Sports Med. (Hindawi Publ Corp)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585221143726","article-title":"Association of daily physical activity with brain volumes and cervical spinal cord areas in multiple sclerosis","volume":"29","author":"Block","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198205000-00012","article-title":"Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion","volume":"14","author":"Borg","year":"1982","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fcac095","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcac095","article-title":"A more unstable resting-state functional network in cognitively declining multiple sclerosis","volume":"4","author":"Broeders","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0035","unstructured":"Broeders T.A.A., Koubir, I., Schoonheim, M.M. Connectivity preprocessing pipeline: github; 2024 [Available from: https:\/\/github.com\/taabroeders\/Connectivity_Processing_Pipeline."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30485-5","article-title":"Efficacy of three neuroprotective drugs in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS-SMART): a phase 2b, multiarm, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Chataway","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB","article-title":"International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity","volume":"35","author":"Craig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0395","article-title":"Cortical surface-based analysis: I. Segmentation and surface reconstruction","volume":"9","author":"Dale","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-019-1002-3","article-title":"Exercise as medicine in Multiple sclerosis-time for a paradigm shift: preventive, symptomatic, and disease-modifying aspects and perspectives","volume":"19","author":"Dalgas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520910360","article-title":"Moving exercise research in multiple sclerosis forward (the MoXFo initiative): developing consensus statements for research","volume":"26","author":"Dalgas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"17 Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0062","article-title":"Measuring brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis","author":"De Stefano","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neuroimaging"},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13507","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705843104","article-title":"Development of distinct control networks through segregation and integration","volume":"104","author":"Fair","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-019-0035-2","article-title":"Progressive multiple sclerosis: from pathophysiology to therapeutic strategies","volume":"18","author":"Faissner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70231-5","article-title":"Treatment of progressive multiple sclerosis: what works, what does not, and what is needed","volume":"14","author":"Feinstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.01.017","article-title":"Resting-state functional connectivity in normal brain aging","volume":"37","author":"Ferreira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70003-0","article-title":"Association between pathological and MRI findings in multiple sclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Filippi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21436","article-title":"Gray matter atrophy in multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal study","volume":"64","author":"Fisher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2023.02.214","article-title":"31. TMS-induced plasticity improving cognitive control in OCD: initial clinical and neuroimaging results from a trial of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for Obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"93","author":"Fitzsimmons","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.12625","article-title":"Aging and brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis","volume":"29","author":"Ghione","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neuroimaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1097\/01.FCH.0000264411.20766.0c","article-title":"Physical activity and multiple sclerosis: validity of self-report and objective measures","volume":"30","author":"Gosney","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fam. Community Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5108-4","article-title":"Quantification and clinical relevance of brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis: a review","volume":"256","author":"Grassiot","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-020-01765-6","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of exercise in people with progressive multiple sclerosis (Exercise PRO-MS): study protocol of a phase II trial","volume":"20","author":"Gravesteijn","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-020-00260-z","article-title":"Test-retest reliability of the one-repetition maximum (1RM) strength assessment: a systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Grgic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sports Med Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20130418","article-title":"Validity of maximal exercise testing in people with multiple sclerosis and low to moderate levels of disability","volume":"94","author":"Heine","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458515581437","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary fitness is related to disease severity in multiple sclerosis","volume":"22","author":"Heine","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13020246","article-title":"Graph-based analysis of brain connectivity in Multiple sclerosis using functional MRI: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Hejazi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306906","article-title":"Brain atrophy and disability progression in multiple sclerosis patients: a 10-year follow-up study","volume":"85","author":"Jacobsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.07.056","article-title":"Regional brain atrophy development is related to specific aspects of clinical dysfunction in multiple sclerosis","volume":"38","author":"Jasperse","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3723","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-10085-1","article-title":"The importance of physical activity to preserve hippocampal volume in people with multiple sclerosis: a structural MRI study","volume":"267","author":"Kalron","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-210188","article-title":"Convergent and criterion-related validity of the short form of the International Physical Activity and the Incidental and Planned Physical Activity Questionnaires in people with multiple sclerosis","volume":"49","author":"Khalil","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-14-85","article-title":"A systematic review of the evidence that brain structure is related to muscle structure and their relationship to brain and muscle function in humans over the lifecourse","volume":"14","author":"Kilgour","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517722645","article-title":"Can resistance training impact MRI outcomes in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis?","volume":"24","author":"Kjolhede","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/482536","article-title":"Objectively measured physical activity is associated with brain volumetric measurements in multiple sclerosis","volume":"2015","author":"Klaren","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-8-115","article-title":"Validity of the international physical activity questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF): a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000560","article-title":"Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis: the 2013 revisions","volume":"83","author":"Lublin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003982","article-title":"Increased connectivity of hub networks and cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis","volume":"88","author":"Meijer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"Pt 8","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf177","article-title":"Measurement of atrophy in multiple sclerosis: pathological basis, methodological aspects and clinical relevance","volume":"125","author":"Miller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2023-331482","article-title":"Influence of cardiorespiratory fitness and MRI measures of neuroinflammation on hippocampal volume in multiple sclerosis","volume":"95","author":"Morozumi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.02.017","article-title":"Cardiorespiratory fitness and its association with thalamic, hippocampal, and basal ganglia volumes in multiple sclerosis","volume":"7","author":"Motl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30281-8","article-title":"Exercise in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"16","author":"Motl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.12869","article-title":"Physical activity may contribute to brain health in multiple sclerosis: an MR volumetric and spectroscopy study","volume":"31","author":"Negaresh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuroimaging"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2463","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01903-3","article-title":"Data processing strategies to determine maximum oxygen uptake: a systematic scoping review and experimental comparison with guidelines for reporting","volume":"53","author":"Nolte","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0023","first-page":"341","article-title":"Regional brain atrophy evolves differently in patients with multiple sclerosis according to clinical phenotype","volume":"26","author":"Pagani","year":"2005","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.06.063","article-title":"Aerobic fitness is associated with gray matter volume and white matter integrity in multiple sclerosis","volume":"1341","author":"Prakash","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617711001093","article-title":"Physical activity associated with increased resting-state functional connectivity in multiple sclerosis","volume":"17","author":"Prakash","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0048","author":"Processing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.09.011","article-title":"Fast and sequence-adaptive whole-brain segmentation using parametric bayesian modeling","volume":"143","author":"Puonti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018697","article-title":"Reference values for peak oxygen uptake: cross-sectional analysis of cycle ergometry-based cardiopulmonary exercise tests of 10 090 adult German volunteers from the Prevention First Registry","volume":"8","author":"Rapp","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0064","first-page":"886","article-title":"Is there an overlooked \"window of opportunity\" in MS exercise therapy?","volume":"24","author":"Riemenschneider","year":"2018","journal-title":"Perspect. Early MS Rehabilitation. Mult Scler"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585221079200","article-title":"Investigating the potential disease-modifying and neuroprotective efficacy of exercise therapy early in the disease course of multiple sclerosis: the Early Multiple Sclerosis Exercise Study (EMSES)","volume":"28","author":"Riemenschneider","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2022.103076","article-title":"Task- and resting-state fMRI studies in multiple sclerosis: from regions to systems and time-varying analysis. Current status and future perspective","volume":"35","author":"Rocca","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3213","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-11664-8","article-title":"Abnormal thalamic functional connectivity correlates with cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity in progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"270","author":"Romano","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458504ms1001oa","article-title":"Exercise capacity, disability and leisure physical activity of subjects with multiple sclerosis","volume":"10","author":"Romberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0011","article-title":"Treadmill walking exercise training and brain function in multiple sclerosis: preliminary evidence setting the stage for a network-based approach to rehabilitation","volume":"4","author":"Sandroff","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J. Exp. Transl. Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106563","article-title":"Effects of walking exercise training on learning and memory and hippocampal neuroimaging outcomes in MS: a targeted, pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"110","author":"Sandroff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Contemp. Clin. Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0053","article-title":"Cardiorespiratory fitness (V\u0307O(2peak)) across the adult lifespan in persons with multiple sclerosis and matched healthy controls","author":"Schlagheck","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Sci. Med. Sport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2022.103108","article-title":"The network collapse in multiple sclerosis: an overview of novel concepts to address disease dynamics","volume":"35","author":"Schoonheim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.00255","article-title":"Aerobic exercise induces functional and structural reorganization of CNS networks in multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Stellmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520966292","article-title":"Increased functional sensorimotor network efficiency relates to disability in multiple sclerosis","volume":"27","author":"Strik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00828","article-title":"Functional connectivity in Multiple sclerosis: recent findings and future directions","volume":"9","author":"Tahedl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2","article-title":"Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria","volume":"17","author":"Thompson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0013","article-title":"Physical fitness moderates the association between brain network impairment and both motor function and cognition in progressive multiple sclerosis","author":"Tilsley","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-019-1403-6","article-title":"COGTIPS: a double-blind randomized active controlled trial protocol to study the effect of home-based, online cognitive training on cognition and brain networks in Parkinson's disease","volume":"19","author":"van Balkom","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104016","article-title":"Lifestyle factors in multiple sclerosis disability progression and silent brain damage: a cross-sectional study","volume":"65","author":"Van Hijfte","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.102074","article-title":"Comparing lesion segmentation methods in multiple sclerosis: input from one manually delineated subject is sufficient for accurate lesion segmentation","volume":"24","author":"Weeda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroim. Clin."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00338.2011","article-title":"The organization of the human cerebral cortex estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity","volume":"106","author":"Yeo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S221103482500149X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S221103482500149X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T11:41:29Z","timestamp":1762602089000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S221103482500149X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["S221103482500149X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-0348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-0348","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Associations between physical fitness and structural and functional MRI measures in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: Cross-sectional findings from the exercise PRO-MS study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106407","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106407"}}