{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:33:02Z","timestamp":1791505982221,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004337","name":"Roche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004337","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018911","name":"University Hospital Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018911","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","msard-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,23]],"date-time":"2025-07-23T23:30:26Z","timestamp":1753313426000},"page":"106637","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Serum neurofilament light chain as a biomarker in multiple sclerosis: A cross-sectional observation in real-world clinical practice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9484-7463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saswat","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Harper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert K.Y.","family":"Tsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Nakhaei-Nejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregg","family":"Blevins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4042-8533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Giuliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12020270","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging as a prognostic disability marker in clinically isolated syndrome and Multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"AlTokhis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0002","first-page":"76","article-title":"Management of MRI wait lists in Canada","volume":"4","author":"Emery","year":"2009","journal-title":"Healthc. Policy."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5690","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-09760-2","article-title":"Development of a mobile low-field MRI scanner","volume":"12","author":"Deoni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-12135-w","article-title":"Baseline serum neurofilament light chain levels differentiate aggressive from benign forms of relapsing\u2013remitting multiple sclerosis: a 20-year follow-up cohort","volume":"271","author":"Arroyo Pereiro","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004683","article-title":"Monitoring disease activity in multiple sclerosis using serum neurofilament light protein","volume":"89","author":"Novakova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-67504-6","article-title":"Serum neurofilament light chain predicts long term clinical outcomes in multiple sclerosis","volume":"10","author":"Thebault","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2023.124903","article-title":"Single-molecule immunoassay technology: recent advances","volume":"265","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0274565","article-title":"Neurofilament light chain in blood as a diagnostic and predictive biomarker for multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Ning","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v045.i03","article-title":"Multivariate imputation by chained equations in R","volume":"45","author":"Buuren","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(00)00314-0","article-title":"Adjusting for multiple testing\u2014When and how?","volume":"54","author":"Bender","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2024.119817","article-title":"Head-to-head comparison of four plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) immunoassays","volume":"561","author":"Ashrafzadeh-Kian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24954","article-title":"Serum neurofilament light: a biomarker of neuronal damage in multiple sclerosis","volume":"81","author":"Disanto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.2137","article-title":"Association between serum neurofilament light chain levels and long-term disease course among patients with multiple sclerosis followed up for 12 years","volume":"76","author":"Cant\u00f3","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMa Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00009-6","article-title":"Serum neurofilament light chain for individual prognostication of disease activity in people with multiple sclerosis: a retrospective modelling and validation study","volume":"21","author":"Benkert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14612-6","article-title":"Serum neurofilament light levels in normal aging and their association with morphologic brain changes","volume":"11","author":"Khalil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2023-0660","article-title":"Pediatric reference intervals for serum neurofilament light and glial fibrillary acidic protein using the Canadian Laboratory Initiative on Pediatric Reference Intervals (CALIPER) cohort","volume":"62","author":"Stukas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-20398-y","article-title":"Longitudinal analyses of serum neurofilament light and associations with obesity indices and bioelectrical impedance parameters","volume":"12","author":"Hermesdorf","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.50972","article-title":"Confounding effect of blood volume and body mass index on blood neurofilament light chain levels","volume":"7","author":"Manouchehrinia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-67934-2","article-title":"Serum GFAP in multiple sclerosis: correlation with disease type and MRI markers of disease severity","volume":"10","author":"Ayrignac","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.104970","article-title":"Guidance for use of neurofilament light chain as a cerebrospinal fluid and blood biomarker in multiple sclerosis management","volume":"101","author":"Freedman","year":"2024","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104662","article-title":"Blood neurofilament light levels predict non-relapsing progression following anti-CD20 therapy in relapsing and primary progressive multiple sclerosis: findings from the ocrelizumab randomised, double-blind phase 3 clinical trials","volume":"93","author":"Bar-Or","year":"2023","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-023-00535-z","article-title":"Neurofilament light chain in adult and pediatric multiple sclerosis: a promising biomarker to better characterize disease activity and personalize MS treatment","volume":"12","author":"Ghezzi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2022.0340","article-title":"Normative values for serum neurofilament light chain in US adults","volume":"20","author":"Beltran","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104177","article-title":"Serum neurofilament levels in patients with multiple sclerosis: a comparison of SIMOA and high sensitivity ELISA assays and contributing factors to ELISA levels","volume":"67","author":"Revendova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e555","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000555","article-title":"Profiling individual clinical responses by high-frequency serum neurofilament assessment in MS","volume":"6","author":"Akg\u00fcn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflammat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2382","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy154","article-title":"Serum neurofilament as a predictor of disease worsening and brain and spinal cord atrophy in multiple sclerosis","volume":"141","author":"Barro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102807","article-title":"Clinical implications of serum neurofilament in newly diagnosed MS patients: a longitudinal multicentre cohort study","volume":"56","author":"Bittner","year":"2020","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585221137697","article-title":"Serum NfL but not GFAP predicts cognitive decline in active progressive multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"29","author":"Barro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mult. Scler J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fcac153","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcac153","article-title":"Improved prediction of early cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis combining blood and imaging biomarkers","volume":"4","author":"Brummer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.16278","article-title":"Association of serum neurofilament light levels with long-term brain atrophy in patients with a first multiple sclerosis episode","volume":"3","author":"Plavina","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMa Netw. Open."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51060","article-title":"Temporal association of sNfL and gad-enhancing lesions in multiple sclerosis","volume":"7","author":"Rosso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1007","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007032","article-title":"Blood neurofilament light chain as a biomarker of MS disease activity and treatment response","volume":"92","author":"Kuhle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520972573","article-title":"Temporal profile of serum neurofilament light in multiple sclerosis: implications for patient monitoring","volume":"27","author":"Calabresi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult. Scler J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003653","article-title":"Serum neurofilament is associated with progression of brain atrophy and disability in early MS","volume":"88","author":"Kuhle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458518775303","article-title":"High neurofilament levels are associated with clinically definite multiple sclerosis in children and adults with clinically isolated syndrome","volume":"25","author":"Van Der","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mult. Scler J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200055","article-title":"Serum neurofilament identifies patients with multiple sclerosis with severe focal axonal damage in a 6-year longitudinal cohort","volume":"10","author":"Steffen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflammat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1295904","article-title":"Application value of plasma neurofilament light combined with magnetic resonance imaging to comprehensively evaluate multiple sclerosis activity and status","volume":"14","author":"Mi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3512","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12299-z","article-title":"Matching proposed clinical and MRI criteria of aggressive multiple sclerosis to serum and cerebrospinal fluid markers of neuroaxonal and glial injury","volume":"271","author":"Schaller-Paule","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neurol."}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034825003797?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034825003797?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T23:19:32Z","timestamp":1774999172000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211034825003797"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S2211034825003797"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-0348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-0348","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Serum neurofilament light chain as a biomarker in multiple sclerosis: A cross-sectional observation in real-world clinical practice","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106637","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106637"}}