{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:15:47Z","timestamp":1775002547375,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023181","name":"Agencja Bada\u0144 Medycznych","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","msard-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T23:31:13Z","timestamp":1753745473000},"page":"106656","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Mortality among patients with multiple sclerosis in Poland"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9720-3204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Kapica-Topczewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Zajkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francois","family":"Collin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Waldemar","family":"Brola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Miro\u0144czuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Tarasiuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Kulikowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Chor\u0105\u017cy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Kochanowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"Ku\u0142akowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agata","family":"Czarnowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106656_bib0001","unstructured":"Analizy ZPA [Internet]. 2025. Ministerstwo Zdrowia. Available from: https:\/\/analizy.mz.gov.pl\/html\/zpa_sm\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106656_bib0002","unstructured":"Atlas of MS [Internet]. Multiple Sclerosis International Federation. 2025. Available from: https:\/\/www.atlasofms.org\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106656_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh104","article-title":"Trends in survival and cause of death in Danish patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"127","author":"Br\u00f8nnum-Hansen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106656_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004216","article-title":"Mortality trends for multiple sclerosis patients in Sweden from 1968 to 2012","volume":"89","author":"Burkill","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106656_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102657","article-title":"The epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in the Scottish Highlands: prevalence, incidence and time to confirmed diagnosis and treatment initiation","volume":"47","author":"Carod-Artal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult Scler. Relat. Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106656_bib0006","first-page":"369","article-title":"Survival in multiple sclerosis","volume":"4","author":"Cendrowski","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106656_bib0007","first-page":"149","article-title":"Reduction of multiple sclerosis-related mortality is associated with lower prevalence of tobacco smoking among Polish males","volume":"12","author":"Cendrowski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aktualn Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106656_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.15557\/AN.2014.0028","article-title":"Increasing occurrence of multiple sclerosis in women correlates to hygiene level","volume":"14","author":"Cendrowski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aktualn. Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106656_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.15557\/AN.2016.0001","article-title":"Survival in multiple sclerosis correlates to the level of hygiene and mortality","volume":"16","author":"Cendrowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aktualn. Neurol"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106656_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182535cf6","article-title":"Survival in MS: a randomized cohort study 21 years after the start of the pivotal ifn\u03b2-1b trial","volume":"78","author":"Goodin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106656_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458508093890","article-title":"Survival and cause of death in multiple sclerosis: results from a 50-year follow-up in western Norway","volume":"14","author":"Grytten Torkildsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106656_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30067-3","article-title":"Timing of high-efficacy therapy for multiple sclerosis: a retrospective observational cohort study","volume":"19","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet. Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106656_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104696","article-title":"The prevalence and incidence of multiple sclerosis over the past 20 years in northern Japan","volume":"73","author":"Houzen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106656_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iljicsov A, Milanovich D, Ajtay A, et al. Incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Hungary based on record linkage of nationwide multiple healthcare administrative data. PLoS One. 2020;15(7):e0236432. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0236432. PMID: 32716953.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0236432"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106656_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.02.016","article-title":"Prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Poland","volume":"21","author":"Kapica-Topczewska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106656_bib0016","first-page":"161","article-title":"Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of multiple sclerosis patients receiving disease-modifying treatment in Poland","volume":"54","author":"Kapica-Topczewska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol. Neurochir. Pol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106656_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5603\/pjnns.103955","article-title":"Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis: global trends, regional differences, and clinical implications","author":"Kapica-Topczewska","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurol Neurochir. Pol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106656_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2017-315907","article-title":"Excess mortality among patients with multiple sclerosis in Denmark has dropped significantly over the past six decades: a population based study","volume":"88","author":"Koch-Henriksen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106656_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2022-330582","article-title":"NZMSPS group, Mason DF. Multiple sclerosis mortality in New Zealand: a nationwide prospective study","volume":"94","author":"Leadbetter","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106656_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2016-315238","article-title":"Survival and cause of death in multiple sclerosis: a 60-year longitudinal population study","volume":"88","author":"Lunde","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg Psychiat"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106656_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2015-310361","article-title":"Mortality in multiple sclerosis: meta-analysis of standardised mortality ratios","volume":"87","author":"Manouchehrinia","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106656_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.103679","article-title":"Incidence of malignant neoplasms and mortality in people affected by multiple sclerosis in the epoch of disease-modifying treatments: a population-based study on Tuscan residents","volume":"60","author":"Mariottini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106656_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458508092263","article-title":"Comorbidity, socioeconomic status, and multiple sclerosis","volume":"14","author":"Marrie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mult. Scler"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106656_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1159\/000359971","article-title":"Mortality and cause of death in multiple sclerosis: findings from a prospective population-based cohort in Bizkaia, Basque country, Spain","volume":"42","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Antig\u00fcedad Zarranz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106656_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31829a3388","article-title":"Mortality in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"81","author":"Scalfari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106656_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.13559","article-title":"Standardized mortality ratios in multiple sclerosis: systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"145","author":"Smyrke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106656_bib0027","year":"2021","journal-title":"Demographic Situation in Poland up to 2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106656_bib0028","unstructured":"Statistics Poland. Trwanie \u017cycia w 2021 r. Warsaw; 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106656_bib0029","unstructured":"Statistics Poland. Demographic situation in Poland up to 2020. Warsaw; 2021. Available from: https:\/\/demografia.stat.gov.pl\/bazademografia."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106656_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2022-329169","article-title":"Mortality and cause of death in multiple sclerosis in western Norway 1950\u20132021: a registry-based linkage study","volume":"93","author":"Willumsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106656_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103162","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis incidence and prevalence in Poland: data from administrative health claims","volume":"55","author":"Wnuk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034825003980?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034825003980?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T23:20:16Z","timestamp":1774999216000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211034825003980"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["S2211034825003980"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106656","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-0348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-0348","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Mortality among patients with multiple sclerosis in Poland","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106656","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106656"}}