{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T04:03:23Z","timestamp":1784347403054,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":228,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006380","name":"Rehabilitation Research and Development Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["I01 RX001636\\u201307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I01 RX001636\\u201307"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006380","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002369"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002369"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S10OD018224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S10OD018224"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005010","name":"Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S10OD018224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S10OD018224"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005010","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ICT-1805\\u201331,077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ICT-1805\\u201331,077"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","msard-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T16:41:01Z","timestamp":1758127261000},"page":"106700","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effects of vascular disease risk factors on brain metabolism in multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0174-6936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob","family":"Perlman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Fryman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Bittner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manoj K.","family":"Sammi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William D.","family":"Rooney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8476-403X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vijayshree","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo10110450","article-title":"Energy metabolism decline in the aging brain\u2014Pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"10","author":"B\u0142aszczyk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metabolites."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700_bib0013","first-page":"37","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and multiple sclerosis","volume":"8","author":"Barcelos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biology. (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700_bib0027","series-title":"Satterthwaite's Method for Degrees of Freedom in Linear Mixed Models","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1177\/147323000403200306","article-title":"Relationship between cardiovascular risk indicators and types of obesity in overweight and obese women","volume":"32","author":"Cikim","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.00222","article-title":"Relationship of parieto-occipital brain energy phosphate metabolism and cognition using 31P MRS at 7-tesla in amnestic mild cognitive impairment","volume":"12","author":"Das","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20736","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction as a cause of axonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"59","author":"Dutta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01310.2010","article-title":"Protecting against vascular disease in brain","volume":"300","author":"Faraci","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart. Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.75","article-title":"BMI vs. Waist circumference for identifying vascular risk","volume":"16","author":"Freiberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2024.03.009","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and the phenotype of multiple sclerosis","author":"Gauthier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev Neurol. Epub"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.29245\/2572.942X\/2016\/7.1064","article-title":"Obesity and Multiple sclerosis susceptibility: a review","volume":"1","author":"Gianfrancesco","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neuromedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2595","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0372","article-title":"Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease","volume":"89","author":"Grundy","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2594(200101)45:1<46::AID-MRM1008>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"Quantitative (31)P spectroscopic imaging of human brain at 4 tesla: assessment of gray and white matter differences of phosphocreatine and ATP","volume":"45","author":"Hetherington","year":"2001","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1183228","article-title":"Systematic review of 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of brain high energy phosphates and membrane phospholipids in aging and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"15","author":"Jett","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1159\/000475496","article-title":"Adenosine triphosphate metabolism measured by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy: a potential biomarker for multiple sclerosis severity","volume":"77","author":"Kauv","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0209326","article-title":"Gray matter atrophy in multiple sclerosis despite clinical and lesion stability during natalizumab treatment","volume":"13","author":"Koskim\u00e4ki","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.33.11.1444","article-title":"Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS)","volume":"33","author":"Kurtzke","year":"1983","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10379","article-title":"In vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy of human brain at 7 T: an initial experience","volume":"49","author":"Lei","year":"2003","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2022-329685","article-title":"Association of obesity with disease outcome in multiple sclerosis","volume":"94","author":"Lutfullin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181d6b125","article-title":"Vascular comorbidity is associated with more rapid disability progression in multiple sclerosis","volume":"74","author":"Marrie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103088","article-title":"Higher Framingham risk scores are associated with greater loss of brain volume over time in multiple sclerosis","volume":"54","author":"Marrie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700_bib0022","series-title":"Study of Vesicular Glycolysis in Health and Huntington\u2019s Disease. Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]","author":"McCluskey","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.009","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome, autoimmunity and rheumatic diseases","volume":"133","author":"Medina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22366","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2010 revisions to the McDonald criteria","volume":"69","author":"Polman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-0537","article-title":"Association of metabolic syndrome with neuroimaging and cognitive outcomes in the UK Biobank","volume":"47","author":"Qureshi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2018.01.031","article-title":"Altered brain high-energy phosphate metabolism in mild Alzheimer's disease: a 3-dimensional 31P MR spectroscopic imaging study","volume":"18","author":"Rijpma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0310-7","article-title":"Waist circumference as a vital sign in clinical practice: a Consensus Statement from the IAS and ICCR Working Group on Visceral Obesity","volume":"16","author":"Ross","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700_bib0020","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis gray matter shows greater abnormalities in phosphate metabolites than white matter","volume":"26","author":"Sammi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Intl Soc Mag Reson Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104675","article-title":"Vascular disease risk factors in multiple sclerosis: effect on metabolism and brain volumes","volume":"74","author":"Sammi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2010.48","article-title":"Evidence for a relationship between body mass and energy metabolism in the Human brain","volume":"30","author":"Schmoller","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700_bib0029","series-title":"Mixed Models For Repeated Measures Should Include Time-By-Covariate Interactions to Assure Power Gains and Robustness Against Dropout Bias Relative to Complete-Case ANCOVA","author":"Schuler","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2006.83","article-title":"Waist circumference correlates with{Citation} metabolic syndrome indicators better than percentage fat","volume":"14","author":"Shen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.699579","article-title":"General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care: the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"117","author":"Sr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1997.tb00278.x","article-title":"Waist circumference as the best predictor of noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) compared to body mass index, waist\/hip ratio and other anthropometric measurements in Mexican Americans\u2013a 7-year prospective study","volume":"5","author":"Wei","year":"1997","journal-title":"Obes. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.18.1837","article-title":"Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories","volume":"97","author":"Wilson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11030145","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of occipital metabolic and energetic changes in Parkinson's patients, using In vivo 31P MRS-based metabolic imaging at 7T","volume":"11","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolites."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700_fur1","article-title":"Exploring the association between weight loss-inducing medications and multiple sclerosis: insights from the FDA adverse event reporting system database","volume":"17","author":"Shirani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Neurol. Disord."}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034825004420?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034825004420?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T03:23:05Z","timestamp":1784344985000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211034825004420"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S2211034825004420"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-0348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-0348","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of vascular disease risk factors on brain metabolism in multiple sclerosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106700","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106700"}}