{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T04:03:40Z","timestamp":1784347420854,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792800000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":327,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006955","name":"National Institutes of Health Office of Extramural Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006955","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031767","name":"Rocky Mountain MS Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031767","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","msard-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T10:13:26Z","timestamp":1761128006000},"page":"106809","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Self-reported quality of life related to cognitive function and fatigue in adults with multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8657-3106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan","family":"Kammeyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Sillau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer J.","family":"Lindwall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christa","family":"Hutaff-Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teri","family":"Schreiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104861","article-title":"Fatigue and health-related quality of life depend on the disability status and clinical course in RRMS","volume":"77","author":"Ahvenj\u00e4rvi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0002","series-title":"Current Population Survey: Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC)","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106310","article-title":"Cognitive effects of ocrelizumab vs interferon \u03b2-1a in relapsing multiple sclerosis: A post hoc analysis of the OPERA I\/II trials","volume":"95","author":"Benedict","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30277-5","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: clinical management, MRI, and therapeutic avenues","volume":"19","author":"Benedict","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2013.10.007","article-title":"Cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders among multiple sclerosis patients from Latin America: Results of the RELACCEM study","volume":"3","author":"Caceres","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318258f744","article-title":"Neuro-QOL: brief measures of health-related quality of life for clinical research in neurology","volume":"78","author":"Cella","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-020-00734-4","article-title":"Cognitive Efficacy of Pharmacologic Treatments in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"CNS. Drugs"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585221083194","article-title":"Long-term efficacy and safety of siponimod in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: Analysis of EXPAND core and extension data up to >5\u2009years","volume":"28","author":"Cree","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.105065","article-title":"The effect of disease modifying therapies on fatigue in multiple sclerosis","volume":"79","author":"Cruz Rivera","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-0355-1","article-title":"Treatment and management of cognitive dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"16","author":"DeLuca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102673","article-title":"Effect of Ozanimod on Symbol Digit Modalities Test Performance in Relapsing MS","volume":"48","author":"DeLuca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14010004","article-title":"Impact of Disease Modifying Therapy on MS-Related Fatigue: A Narrative Review","volume":"14","author":"Elkhooly","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s41983-021-00292-6","article-title":"Clinical predictors to cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"57","author":"Elshebawy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Neurol. Psychiatry Neurosurg."},{"issue":"11-12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585241256540","article-title":"Cognitive progression independent of relapse in multiple sclerosis","volume":"30","author":"Fuchs","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-6-100","article-title":"Fatigue characteristics in multiple sclerosis: the North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis (NARCOMS) survey","volume":"6","author":"Hadjimichael","year":"2008","journal-title":"Health Qual. Life Outcomes."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0016","article-title":"Evaluation of patient-perceived fatigue in multiple sclerosis utilizing the Finnish MS registry","volume":"11","author":"H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J. Exp. Transl. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.04.011","article-title":"Perceived fatigue and cognitive performance change in multiple sclerosis: Uncovering predictors beyond baseline fatigue","volume":"32","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12490","article-title":"Sleep and its associations with perceived and objective cognitive impairment in individuals with multiple sclerosis","volume":"26","author":"Hughes","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Sleep. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.102799","article-title":"Associations between fatigue impact and lifestyle factors in people with multiple sclerosis - The Danish MS hospitals rehabilitation study","volume":"50","author":"Johansson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2019.08.007","article-title":"Early effective treatment may protect from cognitive decline in paediatric multiple sclerosis","volume":"23","author":"Johnen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Paediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.106158","article-title":"Improvement in depressive symptoms is associated with sustained improvement in fatigue impact in adults with multiple sclerosis","volume":"92","author":"Knowles","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2018.11.005","article-title":"Employment and Gainful Earnings Among Those With Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"100","author":"Krause","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.103959","article-title":"The effect of timing of high-efficacy therapy on processing speed performance in multiple sclerosis","volume":"64","author":"Labiano-Fontcuberta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2373","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009522","article-title":"Disease-modifying treatments and cognition in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A meta-analysis","volume":"94","author":"Landmeyer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-13-37","article-title":"Validation of patient determined disease steps (PDDS) scale scores in persons with multiple sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Learmonth","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105896","article-title":"Factors associated with the initiation of high-efficacy disease-modifying agents over moderate-efficacy disease-modifying agents in multiple sclerosis","volume":"91","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-80992-0","article-title":"Factors affecting fatigue progression in multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"14","author":"Machtoub","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26301","article-title":"Reduction in Cognitive Processing Speed Surrounding Multiple Sclerosis Relapse","volume":"91","author":"McKay","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-020-02404-2","article-title":"Perceived and objective cognitive impairment in newly diagnosed versus established multiple sclerosis: impact of disease duration","volume":"190","author":"McNicholas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ir. J. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1186\/s41687-024-00822-9","article-title":"Improvements in quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis receiving alemtuzumab in clinical practice: the LEMVIDA study","volume":"8","author":"Meca-Lallana","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Patient. Rep. Outcomes."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fcae278","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcae278","article-title":"Fatigue in early multiple sclerosis: MRI metrics of neuroinflammation, relapse and neurodegeneration","volume":"6","author":"Meijboom","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Commun."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4361","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12327-y","article-title":"Improved quality of life and psychological symptoms following mindfulness and cognitive rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis and their mediating role for cognition: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"271","author":"Nauta","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0034","series-title":"United States Department of Health and Human Services","article-title":"National Health Interview Survey","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.103427","article-title":"Correlation of the symbol digit modalities test with the quality of life and depression in Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"57","author":"Niino","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0036","unstructured":"NINDS, 2021. User Manual for the Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders (Neuro-QoL) Measures, Version 3.0."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13102","article-title":"Fatigue and depression predict quality of life in patients with early multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal study","volume":"23","author":"Nourbakhsh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.03.001","article-title":"The protective effects of high-education levels on cognition in different stages of multiple sclerosis","volume":"22","author":"Rimkus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585231164295","article-title":"Employment status, productivity loss, and associated factors among people with multiple sclerosis","volume":"29","author":"Rodriguez Llorian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0040","article-title":"Relationship between Fatigue and Physical Activity in a Polish Cohort of Multiple Sclerosis Patients","volume":"56","author":"Rzepka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0041","article-title":"Severity and worsening of fatigue among individuals with multiple sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Salter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J. Exp. Transl. Clin."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.2217\/cer-2020-0267","article-title":"Efficacy classification of modern therapies in multiple sclerosis","volume":"10","author":"Samjoo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Comp. Eff. Res."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e39536","article-title":"NEDA-state, psychological symptoms and quality of life are stable in natalizumab-treated multiple sclerosis patients: An up to 6-years long follow-up study","volume":"10","author":"Sandi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"35-36","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2007.11874","article-title":"Cognition, mood and fatigue in patients in the early stage of multiple sclerosis","volume":"137","author":"Simioni","year":"2007","journal-title":"Swiss. Med. Wkly."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0045","article-title":"Treatment preferences in relation to fatigue of patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis: A discrete choice experiment","volume":"9","author":"Tervonen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J. Exp. Transl. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0046","article-title":"Cognitive impairment, depression, fatigue, and quality of life in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis: results of the multiple sclerosis inventory of cognition in ADOlescents Study","volume":"49","author":"Van's Gravesande","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s41669-024-00501-x","article-title":"Cost and Quality of Life of Disability Progression in Multiple Sclerosis Beyond EDSS: Impact of Cognition, Fatigue, and Limb Impairment","volume":"8","author":"Wasem","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacoecon. Open."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115541","article-title":"Clinically significant fatigue: prevalence and associated factors in an international sample of adults with multiple sclerosis recruited via the internet","volume":"10","author":"Weiland","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104677","article-title":"Longitudinal assessment of neurocognitive function in people with relapsing multiple sclerosis initiating alemtuzumab in routine clinical practice: LEM-COG study results","volume":"73","author":"Wilken","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458508091260","article-title":"The impact of disabilities on quality of life in people with multiple sclerosis","volume":"14","author":"Wynia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034825005516?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034825005516?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T03:24:43Z","timestamp":1784345083000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211034825005516"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S2211034825005516"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-0348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-0348","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Self-reported quality of life related to cognitive function and fatigue in adults with multiple sclerosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106809","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106809"}}