{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T00:40:31Z","timestamp":1793320831919,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","msard-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T05:28:55Z","timestamp":1768714135000},"page":"107019","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Clinical, imaging, and immunological features of GFAP astrocytopathy: a systematic review with regional comparison"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6262-8158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ekdanai","family":"Uawithya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piyachai","family":"Siriphiphatcharoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Benjapibal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Supawit","family":"Kittipadakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2562-697X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sasitorn","family":"Siritho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107019_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-021-00616-3","article-title":"Blood GFAP as an emerging biomarker in brain and spinal cord disorders","volume":"18","author":"Abdelhak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107019_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1519700","article-title":"Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy misdiagnosed as intracranial infectious diseases: case reports and literature review","volume":"16","author":"Bai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107019_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2018.04.016","article-title":"Autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy: prospective evaluation of 90 patients in 1 year","volume":"321","author":"Dubey","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107019_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2018170141","article-title":"Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: spectrum of mr imaging findings and their differential diagnosis","volume":"38","author":"Dutra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiographics."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107019_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.2549","article-title":"Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy: a novel meningoencephalomyelitis","volume":"73","author":"Fang","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMa Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107019_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24881","article-title":"Glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoglobulin Gas biomarker of autoimmune astrocytopathy: analysis of 102 patients","volume":"81","author":"Flanagan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107019_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.957361","article-title":"Serological biomarkers in autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy","volume":"13","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107019_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-023-02678-7","article-title":"New insights into neuropathology and pathogenesis of autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein meningoencephalomyelitis","volume":"147","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107019_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.16284","article-title":"Clinical and neuroimaging phenotypes of autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Hagbohm","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107019_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2017-316583","article-title":"Clinical and immunological characteristics of the spectrum of GFAP autoimmunity: a case series of 22 patients","volume":"89","author":"Iorio","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107019_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1375971","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and MRI features of autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy: a case series of 34 patients","volume":"15","author":"Ke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107019_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000676","article-title":"Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy","volume":"32","author":"Kunchok","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107019_bib0013","article-title":"Review of clinical and imaging findings in autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy to aid in early diagnosis","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107019_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa347","article-title":"Quantitative spinal cord MRI in MOG-antibody disease, neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis","volume":"144","author":"Mariano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107019_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2017.12.009","article-title":"Ovarian teratoma associated with coexisting anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and glial fibrillary acidic protein autoimmune meningoencephalitis in an adolescent girl: a case report","volume":"31","author":"Martin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Adolesc. Gynecol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107019_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","article-title":"Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews","volume":"5","author":"Ouzzani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107019_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107019_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26899","article-title":"Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy is associated with HLA-A*3303 and HLA-DPB1*0501","volume":"95","author":"Shu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107019_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-010-9491-z","article-title":"Critical evaluation of the newcastle-ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses","volume":"25","author":"Stang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107019_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577718","article-title":"Clinical, neuroradiological, diagnostic and prognostic profile of autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy: A pooled analysis of 324 cases from published data and a single-center retrospective study","volume":"360","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107019_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00251","article-title":"Overlapping Autoimmune Syndromes in Patients With Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Antibodies","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107019_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14778","article-title":"CD8(+) T-cell predominance in autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy","volume":"28","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107019_bib0023","article-title":"Clinical, imaging features and outcomes of patients with anti-GFAP antibodies: a retrospective study","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034826000556?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034826000556?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T15:49:07Z","timestamp":1780415347000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211034826000556"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["S2211034826000556"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107019","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-0348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-0348","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Clinical, imaging, and immunological features of GFAP astrocytopathy: a systematic review with regional comparison","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107019","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107019"}}