{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T19:56:51Z","timestamp":1790452611387,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001782","name":"The University of Melbourne","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001782","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","msard-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T20:40:59Z","timestamp":1772484059000},"page":"107102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Bridging the gap: A symptom network analysis of depression, anxiety, and fatigue in multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6806-837X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles J.","family":"Strathdee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Krug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Malpas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1921-5904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Litza","family":"Kiropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.7224\/1537-2073.2014-044","article-title":"Intolerance of Uncertainty: Shapng an Agenda for Research on Coping with Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"17","author":"Alschuler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Internat. J. MS Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-024-10155-y","article-title":"Improved Scoring of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Sclae -. Revised: An Item Response Theory Analysis","volume":"46","author":"Bean","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Psychopathol. Behav. Assess."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2216","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008617","article-title":"Disability worsening among persons with multiple sclerosis and depression: a Swedish cohort study","volume":"93","author":"Binzer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5854","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-24224-2","article-title":"The role of stabilizing and communicating symptoms given overlapping communities in psychopathology networks","volume":"8","author":"Blanken","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185608","article-title":"Network analysis: An integrative approach to the structure of psychopathology","volume":"9","author":"Borsboom","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714001809","article-title":"Revealing the dynamic network structure of the Beck Depression Inventory-\u0399\u0399","volume":"45","author":"Bringmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v045.i03","article-title":"Mice: multivariate imputation by chained equations in R","volume":"45","author":"Buuren","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0297058","article-title":"Centrality measures in psychological networks: A simulation study on identifying effective treatment targets","volume":"19","author":"Castro","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104429","article-title":"Network analysis characterizes key associations between subjective fatigue and specific depressive symptoms in early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis","volume":"69","author":"Chang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/asn034","article-title":"Extended Bayesian information criteria for model selection with large model spaces","volume":"95","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib0008","article-title":"A general Monte Carlo method for sample size analysis in the context of network models","author":"Constantin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1159\/000497425","article-title":"The study of psychopathology from the network analysis perspective: a systematic review","volume":"88","author":"Contreras","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychother. Psychosom."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X09991567","article-title":"Comorbidity: a network perspective","volume":"33","author":"Cramer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eaton, W.W., Smith, C., Ybarra, M., Muntaner, C., & Tien, A. (2004). Center for epidemiologic studies depression scale\u2014revised . doi:10.1037\/t29280-000.","DOI":"10.1037\/t29280-000"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-017-0862-1","article-title":"Estimating psychological networks and their accuracy: a tutorial paper","volume":"50","author":"Epskamp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i04","article-title":"Qgraph: network visualizations of relationships in psychometric data","volume":"48","author":"Epskamp","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102261","article-title":"Anxiety and depression in Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Antecedents, consequences, and differential impact on well-being and quality of life","volume":"44","author":"Hanna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-017-0910-x","article-title":"How well do network models predict observations? On the importance of predictability in network models","volume":"50","author":"Haslbeck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4066","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-10107-y","article-title":"A global view of comorbidity in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review with a focus on regional differences, methodology, and clinical implications","volume":"268","author":"Hauer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2023.102356","article-title":"What is psychopathology dimension?","volume":"106","author":"Hopwood","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clinic. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.102904","article-title":"Depression in multiple sclerosis: is one approach for its management enough?","volume":"51","author":"Jones","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2019.1614898","article-title":"Bridge centrality: a network approach to understanding comorbidity","volume":"56","author":"Jones","year":"2021","journal-title":"Multivar. Behav. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/da.23136","article-title":"Unraveling the comorbidity of depression and anxiety in a large inpatient sample: network analysis to examine bridge symptoms","volume":"38","author":"Kaiser","year":"2021","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102148","article-title":"Development and validation of the self-reported disability status scale (SRDDS) to estimate EDDS-categories","volume":"42","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Multiple Scleros. Related Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-1152-7","article-title":"A pilot randomized controlled trial of a tailored cognitive behavioural therapy based intervention for depressive symptoms in those newly diagnosed with multiple sclerosis","volume":"16","author":"Kiropoulos","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827f07be","article-title":"Fatigue and fatigability in neurologic illnesses: proposal for a unified taxonomy","volume":"80","author":"Kluger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"62","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3210","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.03210","article-title":"CliquePercolation: an r package for conducting and visualizing results of the clique percolation network community detection algorithm","volume":"6","author":"Lange","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Open Source Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105858","article-title":"The efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy for depression and anxiety in multiple sclerosis: A systematc review and meta-analysis","volume":"91","author":"Lucien","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mul. Scleros. Related Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02555-7","article-title":"Depressive symptoms, anxiety and cognitive impairment: emerging evidence in multiple sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Margoni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19990301)85:5<1186::AID-CNCR24>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"The rapid assessment of fatigue severity in cancer patients: use of the brief fatigue inventory","volume":"85","author":"Mendoza","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10881","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-14901-8","article-title":"Transdiagnostic symptom dynmanics during psychopatherapy","volume":"12","author":"O\u2019Driscoll","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000181","article-title":"Identifying highly influential nodes in the complicated grief network","volume":"125","author":"Robinaugh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.03.026","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the brief fatigue inventory in community-dwelling older adults","volume":"95","author":"Shuman-Paretsky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2019.0106","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric symptoms of multiple sclerosis: state of the art","volume":"16","author":"Silveira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investig."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-025-00728-8","article-title":"Understanding depression in people living with multiple sclerosis: a narrative review of recent literature","volume":"14","author":"Sullivan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurol. Ther."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000476","article-title":"Comparng network structures on three aspects: A permutation test","volume":"28","author":"van Borkulo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105908","article-title":"Cognitive behavioural therapy for fatigue in patients wth multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"91","author":"Vo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mul. Scleros. Related Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458512450351","article-title":"Prevalence and concurrence of anxiety, depression and fatigue over time in multiple sclerosis","volume":"19","author":"Wood","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034826001380?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034826001380?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T12:23:23Z","timestamp":1781526203000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211034826001380"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S2211034826001380"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-0348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-0348","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Bridging the gap: A symptom network analysis of depression, anxiety, and fatigue in multiple sclerosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107102","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107102"}}