{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T04:00:44Z","timestamp":1780977644365,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","msard-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T23:13:37Z","timestamp":1778368417000},"page":"107245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Spatial and temporal trends of multiple sclerosis mortality in Spain, 1992\u20132022"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"\u00c1ngel","family":"Zornoza-Valverde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Pastor-Valero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juli\u00e1n","family":"Librero-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Cayuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurelio","family":"Cayuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaione","family":"Etxeberria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ngel P.","family":"Sempere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107245_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13160","article-title":"The change in the sex ratio in multiple sclerosis is driven by birth cohort effects","volume":"24","author":"Ajdacic-Gross","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107245_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2012.03802.x","article-title":"Missed epidemics and missing links: international birth cohort trends in multiple sclerosis","volume":"20","author":"Ajdacic-Gross","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107245_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000316802.35974.34","article-title":"Temporal trends in the incidence of multiple sclerosis: a systematic review","volume":"71","author":"Alonso","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107245_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1159\/000484213","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis mortality by race\/ethnicity, age, sex, and time period in the United States, 1999\u20132015","volume":"50","author":"Amezcua","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107245_bib0005","first-page":"160","article-title":"Epstein\u2013Barr virus as a leading cause of multiple sclerosis: mechanisms and implications","volume":"19","author":"Bjornevik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107245_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105887","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of multiple sclerosis hospitalization trends in Spain (1998\u20132022)","volume":"91","author":"Cayuela","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107245_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-024-07899-6","article-title":"Age and sex as key determinants of multiple sclerosis incidence in Spain: a comprehensive analysis using the Global Burden of Disease database (1990\u20132019)","volume":"46","author":"Cayuela","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107245_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrl.2023.06.006","article-title":"Prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Spain: estimates from the Primary Care Clinical Database (BDCAP)","volume":"40","author":"Cayuela","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107245_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169751","article-title":"Spatial gender-age-period-cohort analysis of pancreatic cancer mortality in Spain (1990\u20132013)","volume":"12","author":"Etxeberria","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"Suppl. 199","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107245_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12428","article-title":"Time trends in the incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Norway during eight decades","volume":"132","author":"Grytten","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107245_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1157\/13108507","article-title":"Las variables meteorol\u00f3gicas no explican el gradiente norte-sur en la mortalidad por esclerosis m\u00faltiple en Espa\u00f1a","volume":"21","author":"Guerrero-Alonso","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gac. Sanit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107245_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2025.106861","article-title":"Mortality trends in multiple sclerosis and cardiovascular disease in adults in the United States: a 25-year mortality perspective","volume":"105","author":"Hemida","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"issue":"17\u201318","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107245_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2555","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0258(20000915\/30)19:17\/18<2555::AID-SIM587>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"Bayesian modelling of inseparable space-time variation in disease risk","volume":"19","author":"Knorr-Held","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107245_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09049-x","article-title":"Epidemiology of Epstein\u2013Barr virus infection and infectious mononucleosis in the United Kingdom","volume":"20","author":"Kuri","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107245_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1159\/000083296","article-title":"Mortality of multiple sclerosis in Spain: demonstration of a north\u2013south gradient","volume":"24","author":"Llorca","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107245_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1159\/000083000","article-title":"Mortality trends of multiple sclerosis in Spain, 1951\u20131997: an age-period-cohort analysis","volume":"24","author":"Llorca","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107245_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458513481397","article-title":"Reproduction and the risk of multiple sclerosis","volume":"19","author":"Magyari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107245_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-019-00558-7","article-title":"Validation of multiple sclerosis diagnoses in the Swedish National Patient Register","volume":"34","author":"Murley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107245_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1987.tb03586.x","article-title":"Geographical distribution of multiple sclerosis mortality in Spain","volume":"76","author":"Navarro","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107245_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-025-04108-5","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of multiple sclerosis in healthcare district IV of Asturias, Spain","volume":"25","author":"Oliva-Nacarino","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107245_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.187","article-title":"Interactions between genetic, lifestyle and environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Olsson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107245_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31820a0a9f","article-title":"Association of UV radiation with multiple sclerosis prevalence and sex ratio in France","volume":"76","author":"Orton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107245_bib0023","article-title":"Immunosenescence: the role of age in multiple sclerosis","author":"Ostolaza Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurologia"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107245_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2011.03.001","article-title":"Smoking and increased risk of multiple sclerosis: parallel trends in the sex ratio reinforce the evidence","volume":"21","author":"Palacios","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107245_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1159\/000359971","article-title":"Mortality and cause of death in multiple sclerosis: findings from a prospective population-based cohort in Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain","volume":"42","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Antig\u00fcedad Zarranz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107245_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31829a3388","article-title":"Mortality in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"81","author":"Scalfari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107245_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/7372789","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis: an overview of epidemiology, risk factors, and serological biomarkers","volume":"2024","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107245_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002056","article-title":"Guidelines for accurate and transparent health estimates reporting: the GATHER statement","volume":"13","author":"Stevens","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"9596","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107245_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X","article-title":"The strengthening the reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"370","author":"von Elm","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107245_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520970841","article-title":"Rising prevalence of multiple sclerosis worldwide: insights from the Atlas of MS, third edition","volume":"26","author":"Walton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107245_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458514530021","article-title":"New data identify an increasing sex ratio of multiple sclerosis in Sweden","volume":"20","author":"Westerlind","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034826002816?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034826002816?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T03:36:17Z","timestamp":1780976177000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211034826002816"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["S2211034826002816"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107245","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-0348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-0348","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Spatial and temporal trends of multiple sclerosis mortality in Spain, 1992\u20132022","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107245","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107245"}}