{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T12:17:42Z","timestamp":1783426662847,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","msard-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T23:28:42Z","timestamp":1782170922000},"page":"107329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Fingolimod for pediatric multiple sclerosis: The Ped-MS group systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"112","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8180-8153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasan","family":"Kaveyee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoud","family":"Etemadifar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir Parsa","family":"Abhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aryana","family":"Ramezani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasin","family":"ebne-ali-heydari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pantea","family":"Miralaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Norouzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Eshraghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehri","family":"Salari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6169-6836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"Deputy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.1746","article-title":"Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in a patient with multiple sclerosis treated with Fingolimod","volume":"72","author":"Achtnichts","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2019-322138","article-title":"Effect of fingolimod on MRI outcomes in patients with paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis: results from the phase 3 PARADIG MS study","volume":"91","author":"Arnold","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.3065","article-title":"Varicella-zoster virus infections in patients treated with Fingolimod: risk assessment and consensus recommendations for management","volume":"72","author":"Arvin","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2013.06.004","article-title":"Elevated relapse rates in pediatric compared to adult MS persist for at least 6 years","volume":"3","author":"Benson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.5603\/PJNNS.a2020.0069","article-title":"Pediatric multiple sclerosis - current status of epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"54","author":"Brola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol. Neurochir. Pol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70049-3","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of fingolimod in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (FREEDOMS II): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"13","author":"Calabresi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1207617","article-title":"Aging in multiple sclerosis: from childhood to old age, etiopathogenesis, and unmet needs: a narrative review","volume":"14","author":"Capasso","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6773","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12610-y","article-title":"Pediatric-onset Multiple Sclerosis treatment: a multicentre observational study comparing natalizumab with fingolimod","volume":"271","author":"Carotenuto","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1800149","article-title":"Trial of Fingolimod versus Interferon beta-1a in pediatric Multiple sclerosis","volume":"379","author":"Chitnis","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520936934","article-title":"Temporal profile of lymphocyte counts and relationship with infections with fingolimod therapy in paediatric patients with multiple sclerosis: results from the PARADIG MS study","volume":"27","author":"Chitnis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907839","article-title":"Oral fingolimod or intramuscular interferon for relapsing multiple sclerosis","volume":"362","author":"Cohen","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22426","article-title":"Mechanisms of fingolimod\u2019s efficacy and adverse effects in multiple sclerosis","volume":"69","author":"Cohen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.2950","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of 2 Fingolimod doses vs Glatiramer acetate for the treatment of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"78","author":"Cree","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2019-321124","article-title":"Consistent control of disease activity with fingolimod versus IFN \u03b2-1a in paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis: further insights from PARADIG MS","author":"Deiva","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.4274\/tnd.2019.77010","article-title":"Fingolimod therapy for pediatric relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a real-life study","volume":"26","author":"Duman \u0130lki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Turk. J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/17562864261440657","article-title":"Natalizumab for pediatric multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Ebne-Ali-Heydari","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Neurol. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2025.03.008","article-title":"Dimethyl fumarate for pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis: a systematic review","volume":"167","author":"Etemadifar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105849","article-title":"Anti-CD20 therapies for pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis: a systematic review","volume":"91","author":"Etemadifar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"06","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2683-1150","article-title":"Anti-CD20 versus Dimethyl fumarate as first-line treatment for pediatric multiple sclerosis: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"56","author":"Etemadifar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-017-0794-7","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis treatment with fingolimod: profile of non-cardiologic adverse events","volume":"117","author":"Fragoso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Belg."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2015.03.024","article-title":"Fingolimod prescribed for the treatment of multiple sclerosis in patients younger than age 18 years","volume":"53","author":"Fragoso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181f11daf","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of natalizumab in children with multiple sclerosis","volume":"75","author":"Ghezzi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517732843","article-title":"Therapy of highly active pediatric multiple sclerosis","volume":"25","author":"Huppke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1007\/s13671-023-00400-0","article-title":"Incidence and characteristics of melanoma in multiple sclerosis patients treated with Fingolimod: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Dermatol. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0909494","article-title":"A placebo-controlled trial of oral fingolimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis","volume":"362","author":"Kappos","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006471","article-title":"Use of newer disease-modifying therapies in pediatric multiple sclerosis in the US","volume":"91","author":"Krysko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0027","unstructured":"label [Internet]. [cited 2025 Oct 9]. Available from: https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2024\/022527s042lbl.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0028","series-title":"StatPearls","article-title":"Fingolimod","author":"Lobaina","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2023.04.020","article-title":"Demographic features and clinical course of patients with pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis on newer disease-modifying treatments","volume":"145","author":"Malani Shukla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105647","article-title":"Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging outcomes in pediatric-onset MS patients on fingolimod and ocrelizumab","volume":"87","author":"Nasr","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0031","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2025.04.003","article-title":"Pediatric Multiple sclerosis: a systematic exploration of effectiveness in current and emerging therapeutics","volume":"168","author":"Panahi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurol."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182735d00","article-title":"Varicella-zoster virus encephalitis and vasculopathy in a patient treated with fingolimod","volume":"79","author":"Ratchford","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.57264\/cer-2023-0016","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of therapies for relapsing multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Samjoo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Comp. Eff. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2023.05.001","article-title":"Treatments of paediatric multiple sclerosis: efficacy and tolerance in a longitudinal follow-up study","volume":"45","author":"Saponaro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Paediatr. Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(24)00047-6","article-title":"Disease-modifying therapies in managing disability worsening in paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal analysis of global and national registries","volume":"8","author":"Sharmin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc. Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285613491520","article-title":"Initiating oral fingolimod treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"6","author":"Singer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Neurol. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104477","article-title":"Switching to natalizumab or fingolimod in multiple sclerosis: comparative effectiveness and effect of pre-switch disease activity","volume":"70","author":"Spelman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000208114","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of Natalizumab, Fingolimod, and injectable therapies in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis: a registry-based study","volume":"102","author":"Spelman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2024.12.015","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of Fingolimod and Ocrelizumab in pediatric patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"164","author":"Spirek","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919","article-title":"ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions","author":"Sterne","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2019.116423","article-title":"Cardiovascular autonomic individual profile of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients and risk of extending cardiac monitoring after first dose fingolimod","volume":"405","author":"Vanoli","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.3390\/children12030259","article-title":"Therapeutic advances in pediatric Multiple sclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Walsh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102260","article-title":"Epidemiology of pediatric multiple sclerosis: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e99","DOI":"10.1097\/MJT.0000000000001276","article-title":"Effect of Fingolimod and interferon \u03b2-1\u03b1 in children with multiple sclerosis","volume":"29","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Ther."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.1542","article-title":"Comparison between Dimethyl fumarate, Fingolimod, and Ocrelizumab after Natalizumab cessation","volume":"80","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034826003652?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034826003652?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T11:37:36Z","timestamp":1783424256000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211034826003652"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S2211034826003652"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-0348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-0348","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Fingolimod for pediatric multiple sclerosis: The Ped-MS group systematic review and meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107329","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107329"}}