{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T12:17:42Z","timestamp":1783426662862,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","msard-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T15:18:05Z","timestamp":1782573485000},"page":"107349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Comparative immunopathology and clinical features of MOGAD and AQP4-IgG NMOSD in children: A scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"112","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5085-4333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Vampertzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5658-4637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theofanis","family":"Vavilis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2160-0885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Androula","family":"Zelilidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8586-5019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Euthymia","family":"Vargiami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107349_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616","article-title":"Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework","volume":"8","author":"Arksey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Res. Methodol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107349_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00431-8","article-title":"Diagnosis of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: International MOGAD Panel proposed criteria","volume":"22","author":"Banwell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107349_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.07.020","article-title":"Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody\u2013Positive optic neuritis: clinical characteristics, radiologic clues, and outcome","volume":"195","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107349_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.0489","article-title":"Association of maintenance intravenous immunoglobulin with prevention of relapse in adult myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody\u2013Associated disease","volume":"79","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMa Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107349_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2021.0349","article-title":"MOG-IgG among participants in the Pediatric Optic neuritis prospective Outcomes Study","volume":"139","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMa Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107349_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.103525","article-title":"OCT retinal nerve fiber layer thickness differentiates acute optic neuritis from MOG antibody-associated disease and Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"58","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107349_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000104","article-title":"A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales","volume":"20","author":"Cohen","year":"1960","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol. Meas."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107349_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.540156","article-title":"AQP4-IgG and MOG-IgG related optic neuritis\u2014Prevalence, optical coherence tomography findings, and visual outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Filippatou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107349_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-024-03108-y","article-title":"MOG antibody-associated optic neuritis","volume":"38","author":"Jeyakumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107349_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26226","article-title":"Complement activation is a prominent feature of MOGAD","volume":"90","author":"Keller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107349_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2024.01.006","article-title":"Validation of the 2023 international diagnostic criteria for MOGAD in a pediatric cohort","volume":"49","author":"Kurd","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Paediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107349_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200059","article-title":"More efficient complement activation by anti\u2013Aquaporin-4 compared with anti\u2013Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies","volume":"10","author":"Lerch","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107349_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-5-69","article-title":"Scoping studies: advancing the methodology","volume":"5","author":"Levac","year":"2010","journal-title":"Implement. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107349_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2023.104802","article-title":"Subclinical optic neuritis in pediatric myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease","volume":"76","author":"Nguyen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107349_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000188","article-title":"Rituximab monitoring and redosing in pediatric neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder","volume":"3","author":"Nosadini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107349_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200065","article-title":"Early immunotherapy and longer corticosteroid treatment are associated with lower risk of relapsing disease course in pediatric MOGAD","volume":"10","author":"Nosadini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107349_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","article-title":"Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews","volume":"5","author":"Ouzzani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107349_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000837","article-title":"Treatment and outcome of aquaporin-4 antibody\u2013positive NMOSD: A multinational pediatric study","volume":"7","author":"Paolilo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107349_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011153","article-title":"Worldwide incidence and prevalence of Neuromyelitis Optica: A systematic review","volume":"96","author":"Papp","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107349_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.11124\/JBIES-20-00167","article-title":"Updated methodological guidance for the conduct of scoping reviews","volume":"18","author":"Peters","year":"2020","journal-title":"JBI Evid. Synth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107349_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.03.021","article-title":"The pediatric Optic neuritis prospective outcomes study: two-year results","volume":"129","author":"Pineles","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107349_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.20.24061","article-title":"MOGAD: how it differs from and resembles other neuroinflammatory disorders","volume":"216","author":"Shahriari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107349_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1192644","article-title":"High level of agreement in a fixed vs. live cell-based assay for antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein in a real-world clinical laboratory setting","volume":"14","author":"Smith","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107349_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab102","article-title":"Staging of astrocytopathy and complement activation in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders","volume":"144","author":"Takai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107349_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/s43055-023-01066-1","article-title":"MRI features of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease: a descriptive study\u2014How it differs from neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and multiple sclerosis","volume":"54","author":"Tom Mishael","year":"2023","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Radiol. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107349_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation","volume":"169","author":"Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107349_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000209321","article-title":"Validation of the 2023 international diagnostic criteria for MOGAD in a selected cohort of adults and children","volume":"103","author":"Varley","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107349_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007096","article-title":"A multicenter comparison of MOG-IgG cell-based assays","volume":"92","author":"Waters","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107349_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200035","article-title":"Temporal dynamics of MOG antibodies in children with acquired demyelinating syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Wendel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107349_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001729","article-title":"International consensus diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders","volume":"85","author":"Wingerchuk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107349_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.165373","article-title":"MOGAD patient autoantibodies induce complement, phagocytosis, and cellular cytotoxicity","volume":"8","author":"Yandamuri","year":"2023","journal-title":"JCI. Insight."}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034826003858?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034826003858?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T11:37:54Z","timestamp":1783424274000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211034826003858"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["S2211034826003858"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107349","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-0348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-0348","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparative immunopathology and clinical features of MOGAD and AQP4-IgG NMOSD in children: A scoping review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107349","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107349"}}