{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T08:05:47Z","timestamp":1789373147496,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000890","name":"National Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014761","name":"Hope Center for Neurological Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014761","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","msard-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T23:38:27Z","timestamp":1784936307000},"page":"107406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Clinical features of older MS patients with and without Alzheimer disease biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3699-9631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Apollo","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley","family":"Judge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Shelley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivek","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Friedrichsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Strain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8114-0552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tammie LS.","family":"Benzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne E.","family":"Schindler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Holtzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne H","family":"Cross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5987-8705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew R","family":"Brier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107406_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.1991.tb00661.x","article-title":"Demonstration of Amyloid Deposits and Neurofibrillary Changes in Whole Brain Sections","volume":"1","author":"Braak","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107406_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00308809","article-title":"Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes","volume":"82","author":"Braak","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107406_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.27027","article-title":"Unexpected Low Rate of Amyloid-\u03b2 Pathology in Multiple Sclerosis Patients","author":"Brier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107406_bib0026","article-title":"Immune dysfunction in Alzheimer disease","author":"Butovsky","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107406_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen X, Firulyova M, Manis M, et al. Microglia-mediated T cell infiltration drives neurodegeneration in tauopathy. Nature. Published online March 8, 2023. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-023-05788-0.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05788-0"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107406_bib0018","article-title":"Incorporation of the central vein sign into the McDonald criteria","volume":"93","author":"Cree","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107406_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00393-2","article-title":"MRI criteria for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: MAGNIMS consensus guidelines","volume":"15","author":"Filippi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107406_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117012","article-title":"FastSurfer - A fast and accurate deep learning based neuroimaging pipeline","volume":"219","author":"Henschel","year":"2020","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107406_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.01.048","article-title":"Incidence of multiple sclerosis misdiagnosis in referrals to two academic centers","volume":"30","author":"Kaisey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107406_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22479-4","article-title":"Therapeutic B-cell depletion reverses progression of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107406_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1316","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1525466113","article-title":"The adaptive immune system restrains Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathogenesis by modulating microglial function","volume":"113","author":"Marsh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107406_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.26858","article-title":"Rae-Grant AD. Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"325","author":"McGinley","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107406_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meyer MR, Kirmess KM, Eastwood S, et al. Clinical validation of the PrecivityAD2 blood test: A mass spectrometry-based test with algorithm combining %p-tau217 and A\u03b242\/40 ratio to identify presence of brain amyloid. Alzheimer\u2019s Dement.. Published online March 16, 2024. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.13764.","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13764"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107406_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458515616700","article-title":"Imaging central veins in brain lesions with 3-T T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging differentiates multiple sclerosis from microangiopathic brain lesions","volume":"22","author":"Mistry","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107406_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(25)00270-4","article-title":"Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2024 revisions of the McDonald criteria","volume":"24","author":"Montalban","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107406_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.27231","article-title":"Neuropathological Evidence of Reduced Amyloid Beta and Neurofibrillary Tangles in Multiple Sclerosis Cortex","volume":"97","author":"Pansieri","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107406_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111391","article-title":"Association of B cell profile and receptor epertoire with the progression of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"40","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107406_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.3390\/neurosci3040048","article-title":"Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis: An Update on Assessment and Management","volume":"3","author":"Portaccio","year":"2022","journal-title":"NeuroSci"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107406_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.166","article-title":"The central vein sign and its clinical evaluation for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: a consensus statement from the North American Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis Cooperative","volume":"12","author":"Sati","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107406_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.2478","article-title":"Evaluation of the Central Vein Sign as a Diagnostic Imaging Biomarker in Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"76","author":"Sinnecker","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107406_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517726383","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of central vein sign for multiple sclerosis with a simplified three-lesion algorithm","volume":"24","author":"Solomon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107406_bib0016","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE 19th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Omni-supervised domain adversarial training for white matter hyperintensity segmentation in the UK Biobank","author":"Sundaresan","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107406_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102184","article-title":"Comparison of domain adaptation techniques for white matter hyperintensity segmentation in brain MR images","volume":"73","author":"Sundaresan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Image Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107406_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2021.102184","article-title":"Triplanar ensemble U-Net model for white matter hyperintensities segmentation on MR images","volume":"73","author":"Sundaresan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med. Image Anal."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107406_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000001136","article-title":"Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"28","author":"Ward","year":"2022","journal-title":"CONTIN.: Lifelong Learn. Neurol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107406_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-021-00714-8","article-title":"Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals B cell\u2013related molecular biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"53","author":"Xiong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034826004414?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034826004414?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T07:06:37Z","timestamp":1789369597000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211034826004414"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["S2211034826004414"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107406","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-0348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-0348","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Clinical features of older MS patients with and without Alzheimer disease biomarkers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107406","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107406"}}