{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T08:06:00Z","timestamp":1789373160086,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","msard-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T06:55:43Z","timestamp":1786690543000},"page":"107437","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Sex-stratified blood transcriptomic candidate biomarkers of multiple sclerosis identified by ensemble feature selection"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1987-7374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aneta","family":"Polewko-Klim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1087-8154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp630","article-title":"Robust biomarker identification for cancer diagnosis with ensemble feature selection methods","volume":"26","author":"Abeel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1109\/TITB.2008.2011984","article-title":"Microarray analysis of autoimmune diseases by machine learning procedures","volume":"13","author":"Armananzas","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6354","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076354","article-title":"Sex and gender differences in neurodegenerative diseases: challenges for therapeutic opportunities","volume":"24","author":"Bianco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2018.11.008","article-title":"Ensembles for feature selection: A review and future trends","volume":"52","author":"Bol\u00f3n-Canedo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inf. Fusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2019.106839","article-title":"Benchmark for filter methods for feature selection in high-dimensional classification data","volume":"143","author":"Bommert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Statist. Data Anal."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02415-4","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis: molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention","volume":"10","author":"Boutitah-Benyaich","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","article-title":"Random forests","volume":"45","author":"Breiman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1177\/10998004251387318","article-title":"Exploring sex-based mechanisms of inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis","volume":"28","author":"Buxhoeveden","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biological Res. Nurs."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5473","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.8.5473","article-title":"Uncoupling the roles of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DRB5 genes in multiple sclerosis","volume":"181","author":"Caillier","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106113","article-title":"A deep transcriptome meta-analysis reveals sex differences in multiple sclerosis","volume":"181","author":"Catal\u00e1-Senent","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(25)00249-2","article-title":"Blood and CSF biomarkers for multiple sclerosis: emerging clinical applications","volume":"24","author":"Chitnis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2022.109655","article-title":"A hybrid ensemble feature selection design for candidate biomarkers discovery from transcriptome profiles","volume":"254","author":"Colombelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Knowl.-Based Syst."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.07.014","article-title":"Peripheral blood biomarkers in multiple sclerosis","volume":"14","author":"D\u2019Ambrosio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"issue":"65","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b14","article-title":"Using recursive feature elimination in random forest to account for correlated variables in high dimensional data","volume":"19","author":"Darst","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Genet."},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219720005001004","article-title":"Minimum redundancy feature selection from microarray gene expression data","volume":"3","author":"Ding","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Bioinform. Comput. Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b16","series-title":"2023 10th IEEE Uttar Pradesh Section International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering","first-page":"1853","article-title":"Identifying early biomarkers of multiple sclerosis with feature selection algorithms","author":"Dixit","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v085.i12","article-title":"Rmcfs: an R package for Monte Carlo feature selection and interdependency discovery","volume":"85","author":"Drami\u0144ski","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.22214\/ijraset.2024.58117","article-title":"A review of machine learning technologies in multiple sclerosis disease detection","volume":"12","author":"Fathimath","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Res. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-15408","article-title":"The role of B cells in the early onset of the first demyelinating event of acute optic neuritis","volume":"56","author":"Feldman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b20","first-page":"3133","article-title":"Do we need hundreds of classifiers to solve real world classification problems?","volume":"15","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Delgado","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddq090","article-title":"The multiple sclerosis whole blood mRNA transcriptome and genetic associations indicate dysregulation of specific T cell pathways in pathogenesis","volume":"19","author":"Gandhi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Gen."},{"issue":"Mar","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b22","first-page":"1157","article-title":"An introduction to variable and feature selection","volume":"3","author":"Guyon","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028210","article-title":"The influence of feature selection methods on accuracy, stability and interpretability of molecular signatures","volume":"6","author":"Haury","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2010.07.002","article-title":"Stable feature selection for biomarker discovery","volume":"34","author":"He","year":"2010","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1425046","article-title":"Diagnostic potential of blood-based biomarkers in multiple sclerosis","volume":"15","author":"Holm Nielsen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"issue":"6460","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaav7188","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav7188","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis genomic map implicates peripheral immune cells and microglia in susceptibility","volume":"365","author":"International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090482","article-title":"Transcriptomic profile reveals gender-specific molecular mechanisms driving multiple sclerosis progression","volume":"9","author":"Irizar","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1268411","article-title":"Sex differences in the neuronal transcriptome and synaptic mitochondrial function in the cerebral cortex of a multiple sclerosis model","volume":"14","author":"Itoh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.90","article-title":"Sex differences in immune responses","volume":"16","author":"Klein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b30","series-title":"Machine Learning: ECML-94","first-page":"171","article-title":"Estimating attributes: analysis and extensions of RELIEF","volume":"vol. 784","author":"Kononenko","year":"1994"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12277","article-title":"Gender effects on treatment response to interferon-beta in multiple sclerosis","volume":"130","author":"Magyari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2795(75)90109-9","article-title":"Comparison of the predicted and observed secondary structure of T4 phage lysozyme","volume":"405","author":"Matthews","year":"1975","journal-title":"Biochim. et Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Protein Struct."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"J144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2011.11.004","article-title":"Gender-based blood transcriptomes and interactomes in multiple sclerosis: involvement of SP1 dependent gene transcription","volume":"38","author":"Menon","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2020.03.024","article-title":"All-relevant feature selection using multidimensional filters with exhaustive search","volume":"524","author":"Mnich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inform. Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3107","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10123107","article-title":"Sex hormones as key modulators of the immune response in multiple sclerosis: a review","volume":"10","author":"Murgia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4194","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddt267","article-title":"Blood RNA profiling in a large cohort of multiple sclerosis patients and healthy controls","volume":"22","author":"Nickles","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Gen."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2415","article-title":"Sex-specific genetic architecture of human disease","volume":"9","author":"Ober","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature Rev. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2024.07.039","article-title":"Machine learning-driven diagnosis of multiple sclerosis from whole blood transcriptomics","volume":"121","author":"Omrani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain, Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01208","article-title":"The importance of sex stratification in autoimmune disease biomarker research: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Purnamawati","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1401483","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis","volume":"378","author":"Reich","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2011.02.006","article-title":"The increasing incidence and prevalence of female multiple sclerosis\u2014a critical analysis of potential environmental factors","volume":"10","author":"Sellner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b42","series-title":"Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Solutions using R and Bioconductor","first-page":"397","article-title":"Limma: Linear models for microarray data","author":"Smyth","year":"2005"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12071771","article-title":"An enhanced multiple sclerosis disease diagnosis via an ensemble approach","volume":"12","author":"Torkey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrleng.2020.10.013","article-title":"A systematic review of the application of machine-learning algorithms in multiple sclerosis","volume":"38","author":"V\u00e1zquez-Marrufo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurolog\u00edA (English Ed.)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458519892491","article-title":"The effect of sex on multiple sclerosis risk and disease progression","volume":"26","author":"Voskuhl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7120511","article-title":"The emerging role of neutrophil granulocytes in multiple sclerosis","volume":"7","author":"Woodberry","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437_b47","first-page":"160","article-title":"Ensemble learning for predicting multiple sclerosis disease course","volume":"25","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J."}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034826004724?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034826004724?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T07:05:52Z","timestamp":1789369552000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211034826004724"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S2211034826004724"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-0348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-0348","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sex-stratified blood transcriptomic candidate biomarkers of multiple sclerosis identified by ensemble feature selection","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107437","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107437"}}