{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T09:27:17Z","timestamp":1793957237164,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC2502400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2502400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC2502404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2502404"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","msard-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107940","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T23:29:46Z","timestamp":1790206186000},"page":"107940","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Comparative performance of 7T MRI sequences for central vein sign detection in multiple sclerosis: a prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"115","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6261-1554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinyao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanlin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ai","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunyun","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"De-Cai","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8764-9739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xia","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107940_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.14412\/2074-2711-2020-1S-29-32","article-title":"The central vein sign in the differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Belov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuropsychiatry Psychosom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107940_bib0002","first-page":"10","article-title":"The use of the central vein sign in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Castellaro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107940_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585211007086","article-title":"Central vein sign and other radiographic features distinguishing myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease from multiple sclerosis and aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica","volume":"28","author":"Ciotti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107940_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.22.27731","article-title":"Effect of GBCA use on detection and diagnostic performance of the Central vein sign: evaluation using a 3-T FLAIR* sequence in patients with suspected multiple sclerosis","volume":"220","author":"Daboul","year":"2023","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107940_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz144","article-title":"Assessment of lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis: practical guidelines","volume":"142","author":"Filippi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107940_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00393-2","article-title":"MRI criteria for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: MAGNIMS consensus guidelines","volume":"15","author":"Filippi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107940_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1964.tb04716.x","article-title":"On the vessel-plaque relationships in the brain in multiple sclerosis","volume":"40","author":"Fog","year":"1964","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107940_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A6437","article-title":"SWAN-venule: an optimized MRI technique to detect the central vein sign in MS plaques","volume":"41","author":"Gait\u00e1n","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107940_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517703804","article-title":"Can we afford not to prevent MS-related disability?","volume":"23","author":"Giovannoni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107940_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21676","article-title":"Characterizing iron deposition in multiple sclerosis lesions using susceptibility weighted imaging","volume":"29","author":"Haacke","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107940_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcae359","article-title":"The use of 7T MRI in multiple sclerosis: review and consensus statement from the North American Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis Cooperative","volume":"6","author":"Harrison","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107940_bib0012","article-title":"MR venography of multiple sclerosis","author":"I Leng Tan","year":"2000","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107940_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-013-2791-4","article-title":"The \u201ccentral vein sign\u201d: is there a place for susceptibility weighted imaging in possible multiple sclerosis?","volume":"23","author":"Kau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107940_bib0014","first-page":"102","article-title":"Acquisition of susceptibility-sensitive sequences for central vein sign detection: a systematic review of MRI protocols","author":"Kerpel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107940_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(98)00031-9","article-title":"Immunopathology of multiple sclerosis: report on an international meeting held at the Institute of Neurology of the University of Vienna","volume":"86","author":"Lassmann","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107940_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585251328902","article-title":"The characteristics and influencing factors of paramagnetic rim lesions in Chinese MS patients: a 7T MRI study","volume":"31","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107940_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3147","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac016","article-title":"How patients with multiple sclerosis acquire disability","volume":"145","author":"Lublin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107940_bib0018","first-page":"325","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis","author":"Mcginley","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMa"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107940_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(25)00270-4","article-title":"Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2024 revisions of the McDonald criteria","volume":"24","author":"Montalban","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107940_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A8083","article-title":"Central vein sign in multiple sclerosis: a comparison study of the diagnostic performance of 3T versus 7T MRI","volume":"45","author":"Okromelidze","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107940_bib0021","article-title":"FLAIR*: a combined MR contrast technique for visualizing white matter lesions and parenchymal veins","author":"Pascal Sati","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107940_bib0022","article-title":"The \u201ccentral vein sign\u201d in patients with diagnostic \u201cred flags\u201d for multiple sclerosis: a prospective multicenter 3T study","author":"Pietro Maggi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107940_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.12367","article-title":"The Central vein sign in multiple sclerosis lesions is present irrespective of the T2* sequence at 3 T","volume":"27","author":"Samaraweera","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neuroimaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107940_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.166","article-title":"The central vein sign and its clinical evaluation for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: a consensus statement from the North American Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis Cooperative","volume":"12","author":"Sati","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107940_bib0025","article-title":"Brain lesion characteristics in Chinese multiple sclerosis patients: a 7-T MRI cohort study","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107940_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0b013e3181b4c144","article-title":"A comparison of 3T and 7T in the detection of small parenchymal veins within MS lesions","volume":"44","author":"Tallantyre","year":"2009","journal-title":"Invest. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107940_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2","article-title":"Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria","volume":"17","author":"Thompson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107940_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30443-5","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of multiple sclerosis 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"18","author":"Wallin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107940_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00095-8","article-title":"2021 MAGNIMS\u2013CMSC\u2013NAIMS consensus recommendations on the use of MRI in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"20","author":"Wattjes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107940_bib0030","first-page":"45","article-title":"Investigation of the \u201ccentral vein sign\u201d in infratentorial multiple sclerosis lesions","author":"Weber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034826009752?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034826009752?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T08:43:44Z","timestamp":1793954624000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211034826009752"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S2211034826009752"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107940","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-0348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-0348","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparative performance of 7T MRI sequences for central vein sign detection in multiple sclerosis: a prospective study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107940","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107940"}}