{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:41:35Z","timestamp":1792788095770,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000261","name":"MS Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EGID 1886492"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EGID 1886492"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","msard-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:28:29Z","timestamp":1791646109000},"page":"107976","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Development and validation of a social vulnerability index for use in Canadians living with multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"115","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8045-0622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Gottheil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3405-5782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Afolasade","family":"Fakolade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colleen J.","family":"Maxwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7280-3684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dalia L.","family":"Rotstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5804-2535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Tremlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5393-7417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E. Ann","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1774-4810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcia","family":"Finlayson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1855-5595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth Ann","family":"Marrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102028","article-title":"Predictors of hospitalization in a Canadian MS population: a matched cohort study","volume":"41","author":"Al-Sakran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000213332","article-title":"Person-centered social determinants and neighborhood-level deprivation associated with disability in Hispanic people with multiple sclerosis","volume":"104","author":"Amezcua","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-14-90","article-title":"Social vulnerability from a social ecology perspective: a cohort study of older adults from the national population health survey of Canada","volume":"14","author":"Andrew","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002232","article-title":"Social vulnerability, frailty and mortality in elderly people","volume":"3","author":"Andrew","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E434","DOI":"10.9778\/cmajo.20220061","article-title":"Distance, access and equity: a cross-sectional geospatial analysis of disparities in access to primary care for French-only speakers in Ottawa, Ontario","volume":"11","author":"Belanger","year":"2023","journal-title":"CMAJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585221129963","article-title":"Low socioeconomic status was associated with a higher mortality risk in multiple sclerosis","volume":"29","author":"Calocer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-017-8676-8","article-title":"Changes in disability in people with multiple sclerosis: a 10-year prospective study","volume":"265","author":"Conradsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X0800800307","article-title":"Speaking stata: correlation with confidence, or Fisher's z revisited","volume":"8","author":"Cox","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stata J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1177\/2374373518769008","article-title":"Impact of language barriers on quality of care and patient safety for official language minority francophones in Canada","volume":"6","author":"de Moissac","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Patient Exp."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-020-01528-7","article-title":"Assessment of delayed diagnosis and treatment in multiple sclerosis patients during 1990-2016","volume":"121","author":"Ghiasian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Belg."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-025-02369-4","article-title":"Social vulnerability and chronic kidney disease-associated mortality in the United States: 1999-2020","volume":"38","author":"Grobman","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Nephrol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-3146","article-title":"Development and validity of a 2-item screen to identify families at risk for food insecurity","volume":"126","author":"Hager","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-023-01965-9","article-title":"Development of an individual index of social vulnerability that predicts negative healthcare events: a proposed tool to address healthcare equity in primary care research and practice","volume":"22","author":"Haggerty","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Equity. Health"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1497","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007190","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and disability progression in multiple sclerosis: a multinational study","volume":"92","author":"Harding","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208","article-title":"The REDCap consortium: building an international community of software platform partners","volume":"95","author":"Harris","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Inf."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2014a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Inform."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2022.07.017","article-title":"Frailty predicts outcomes in cystic fibrosis patients listed for lung transplantation","volume":"41","author":"Koutsokera","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Heart Lung Transpl."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-13-37","article-title":"Validation of patient determined disease steps (PDDS) scale scores in persons with multiple sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Learmonth","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2022.306947","article-title":"A social vulnerability framework to identify and assist with environmental injustice","volume":"112","author":"Lehnert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2024.05.007","article-title":"Association between social vulnerability and gastrointestinal cancer mortality in the United States counties","volume":"3","author":"Lo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastro Hep. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1197212","article-title":"Impact of aging on treatment considerations for multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"14","author":"Macaron","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16097-6","article-title":"Social vulnerability indices: a scoping review","volume":"23","author":"Mah","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0315474","article-title":"A standard procedure for constructing a multi-level social vulnerability index using CLSA and SOS data as working examples","volume":"19","author":"Mah","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458506075031","article-title":"Validation of the NARCOMS registry: diagnosis","volume":"13","author":"Marrie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107353","article-title":"The many faces of the multiple sclerosis population in Canada","volume":"113","author":"Marrie","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1097\/XCS.0000000000000961","article-title":"Social vulnerability index and survivorship after colorectal cancer resection","volume":"238","author":"Masoud","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199303000-00006","article-title":"The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36): II. Psychometric and clinical tests of validity in measuring physical and mental health constructs","volume":"31","author":"McHorney","year":"1993","journal-title":"Med. Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0029","first-page":"5277","article-title":"Identification of socially vulnerable cancer patients - development of a register-based index (rSVI)","volume":"30","author":"Moller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Support. Care Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1547946","article-title":"Validating the Social Vulnerability Index for alternative geographies in the United States to explore trends in social determinants of health over time and geographic location","volume":"13","author":"Ng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16071244","article-title":"Social vulnerability in patients with multimorbidity: a cross-sectional analysis","volume":"16","author":"Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2015.0036","article-title":"Making the social determinants of health a routine part of medical care","volume":"26","author":"Nuruzzaman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Health Care Poor Underserved"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.08.005","article-title":"Applying an equity lens to interventions: using PROGRESS ensures consideration of socially stratifying factors to illuminate inequities in health","volume":"67","author":"O'Neill","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz173","article-title":"Cohort profile: the Canadian longitudinal study on aging (CLSA)","volume":"48","author":"Raina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0234876","article-title":"Health service utilization in immigrants with multiple sclerosis","volume":"15","author":"Rotstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.7224\/1537-2073.2019-068","article-title":"Experiences of African American women with multiple sclerosis","volume":"23","author":"Stuifbergen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. MS Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2006.03.012","article-title":"Quality criteria were proposed for measurement properties of health status questionnaires","volume":"60","author":"Terwee","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2013.07.009","article-title":"Access to multiple sclerosis specialty care","volume":"5","author":"Turner","year":"2013","journal-title":"PM R"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckaf067","article-title":"Social vulnerability indices for proactively identifying at-risk individuals in healthcare: a systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Valentin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Public Health"}],"container-title":["Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034826010114?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2211034826010114?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:23:48Z","timestamp":1792787028000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2211034826010114"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S2211034826010114"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976","relation":{},"ISSN":["2211-0348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-0348","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Development and validation of a social vulnerability index for use in Canadians living with multiple sclerosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2026.107976","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107976"}}