{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:13:24Z","timestamp":1789578804030,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","mskscienceandpractice.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Musculoskeletal Science and Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T23:42:36Z","timestamp":1781566956000},"page":"103602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Illness perceptions and healthcare use among people with low back pain in general practice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"84","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9135-0780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bodil A.","family":"Arnbak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Hartvigsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John S.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"M\u00f8ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgitte","family":"N\u00f8rgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Kongsted","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000001047","article-title":"What are the mechanisms of action of cognitive-behavioral, mind-Body, and exercise-based interventions for pain and disability in people with chronic primary musculoskeletal pain?: a systematic review of mediation studies from randomized controlled trials","volume":"38","author":"Alaiti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. J. Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/2137284","article-title":"Revisiting the behavioral model and access to medical care: does it matter?","volume":"36","author":"Andersen","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib3","first-page":"e1911","article-title":"Usual care for low back pain and barriers to best practice: a cross-sectional study in Danish general practice","volume":"22","author":"Arnbak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Muscoskel. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2005.10.020","article-title":"The brief illness perception questionnaire","volume":"60","author":"Broadbent","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2015.1070851","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire","volume":"30","author":"Broadbent","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2021.06.007","article-title":"Feeling reassured after a consultation does not reduce disability or healthcare use in people with acute low back pain: a mediation analysis of a randomised trial","volume":"67","author":"Cashin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Physiother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2021.07.007","article-title":"Producing clinically meaningful reductions in disability: a causal mediation analysis of a patient education intervention","volume":"23","author":"Cashin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229265","article-title":"Prognostic indicators for poor outcomes in low back pain patients consulted in primary care","volume":"15","author":"Cruz","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2018.8072","article-title":"The Association of Illness Perception and prognosis for pain and physical function in patients with noncancer musculoskeletal pain: a systematic literature review","volume":"48","author":"de Raaij","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2453","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.13849","article-title":"Patients' requests for radiological imaging: a qualitative study on general practitioners' perspectives","volume":"26","author":"De Silva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Expect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17155556","article-title":"Pain acceptance and pain-related disability predict healthcare utilization and medication intake in patients with non-specific chronic spinal pain","volume":"17","author":"Esteve","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-057868","article-title":"Patient-reported outcome measures to detect intentional, mixed, or unintentional non-adherence to medication: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Fahrni","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747 e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2009.11.005","article-title":"Factors defining care-seeking in low back pain--a meta-analysis of population based surveys","volume":"14","author":"Ferreira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004","DOI":"10.1097\/PR9.0000000000001004","article-title":"The association between patients' illness perceptions and longitudinal clinical outcome in patients with low back pain","volume":"7","author":"Fors","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pain Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.12.007","article-title":"Illness perceptions of low back pain patients in primary care: what are they, do they change and are they associated with outcome?","volume":"136","author":"Foster","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000189164.85653.bc","article-title":"The patients' illness perceptions and the use of primary health care","volume":"67","author":"Frostholm","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1080\/03009742.2023.2256089","article-title":"Validity of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire in people with knee pain: a Rasch analysis","volume":"53","author":"Ginnerup-Nielsen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Scand. J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.14129","article-title":"The correlation between illness perception, pain intensity and quality of life in elderly with low back pain in Denmark: a cross-sectional study","volume":"10","author":"Ginnerup-Nielsen","year":"2022","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-1104","article-title":"Illness beliefs and treatment beliefs as predictors of short-term and medium-term outcome in chronic back pain","volume":"45","author":"Glattacker","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-2925-1","article-title":"Back beliefs in patients with low back pain: a primary care cohort study","volume":"20","author":"Gron","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000118","article-title":"The common sense model of self-regulation: Meta-analysis and test of a process model","volume":"143","author":"Hagger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n291","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n291","article-title":"Do not routinely offer imaging for uncomplicated low back pain","volume":"372","author":"Hall","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2020.12.001","article-title":"Illness perceptions as an independent predictor of chronic low back pain and pain-related disability: a prospective cohort study","volume":"112","author":"Hallegraeff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap) - a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-025-02998-5","article-title":"\"It's hard to trust an individual, it's easier to trust an image\"-patients with low back pain want imaging as a means of coping with uncertainty","volume":"26","author":"Haslam-Larmer","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Prim. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib26","article-title":"Individual recovery expectations and prognosis of outcomes in non-specific low back pain: prognostic factor review","volume":"2019","author":"Hayden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9082486","article-title":"The relationship between cognitive and emotional factors and healthcare and medication use in people experiencing pain: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Huysmans","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s12998-022-00425-5","article-title":"Patients with low back pain presenting for chiropractic care who want diagnostic imaging are more likely to receive referral for imaging: a cross-sectional study","volume":"30","author":"Jenkins","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chiropr. Man. Therap."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s40258-024-00876-2","article-title":"Cost of low-value imaging worldwide: a systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Kjelle","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl Health Econ Health Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-07302-7","article-title":"Illness perceptions in people with chronic and disabling non-specific neck pain seeking primary healthcare: a qualitative study","volume":"25","author":"Kragting","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-0117-9","article-title":"Danish version of the Oswestry Disability Index for patients with low back pain. Part 1: Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity in two different populations","volume":"15","author":"Lauridsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-016-9782-2","article-title":"The Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation (CSM): a dynamic framework for understanding illness self-management","volume":"39","author":"Leventhal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Behav. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12642","article-title":"Illness perceptions explain the variance in functional disability, but not habitual physical activity, in patients with chronic low back pain: a cross-sectional Study","volume":"18","author":"Leysen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2019.05.010","article-title":"People with low back pain want clear, consistent and personalised information on prognosis, treatment options and self-management strategies: a systematic review","volume":"65","author":"Lim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Physiother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib35","article-title":"\"Do I need an imaging?\" exploring why patients with non-specific chronic low back pain request diagnostic instrumental evaluation: a phenomenological qualitative study","volume":"80","author":"Lullo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Musculoskelet Sci Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(94)90007-8","article-title":"Low Back Pain Rating scale: validation of a tool for assessment of low back pain","volume":"57","author":"Manniche","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1285","article-title":"Beliefs about back pain and pain management behaviours, and their associations in the general population: a systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Morton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1813","article-title":"Illness perceptions and illness behaviours in back pain: a cross-sectional cluster analysis","volume":"25","author":"Morton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191610145","article-title":"Biopsychosocial factors for chronicity in individuals with non-specific low back pain: an umbrella review","volume":"19","author":"Otero-Ketterer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e328014a871","article-title":"The role of illness perceptions in patients with medical conditions","volume":"20","author":"Petrie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-025-02902-1","article-title":"Facilitators and barriers to deferring imaging for acute low back pain: a qualitative study","volume":"26","author":"Robinson","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Prim. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-037820","article-title":"Clinician and patient beliefs about diagnostic imaging for low back pain: a systematic qualitative evidence synthesis","volume":"10","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.0217","article-title":"Effect of primary care-based education on reassurance in patients with acute low back pain: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"175","author":"Traeger","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.5606\/tftrd.2019.3248","article-title":"The relationship of illness perceptions with demographic features, pain severity, functional capacity, disability, depression, and quality of life in patients with chronic low back pain","volume":"65","author":"Unal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Turk J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602_bib45","series-title":"WHO Guidelines on the Management of Chronic Primary Low Back Pain in Adults","year":"2023"}],"container-title":["Musculoskeletal Science and Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468781226001189?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468781226001189?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T12:39:09Z","timestamp":1783427949000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2468781226001189"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S2468781226001189"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602","relation":{},"ISSN":["2468-7812"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2468-7812","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Illness perceptions and healthcare use among people with low back pain in general practice","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Musculoskeletal Science and Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msksp.2026.103602","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103602"}}