{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:11:02Z","timestamp":1792512662837,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,16]],"date-time":"2025-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001602","name":"Taighde \u00c9ireann - Research Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19\/FFP\/6642"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19\/FFP\/6642"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001602","name":"Taighde \u00c9ireann - Research Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GOIPG\/2021\/304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GOIPG\/2021\/304"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000849","name":"National Centre for the Replacement Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NC\/W000989\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NC\/W000989\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000849","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010757","name":"National Centre for the Replacement Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010757","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100025294","name":"Research Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100025294","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001631","name":"University College Dublin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001631","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Materials Today Bio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T17:20:38Z","timestamp":1755624038000},"page":"102211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Cryogel scaffolds for localised delivery of lipopolysaccharide in organotypic spinal cord slice cultures: A novel ex vivo model of neuroinflammation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4588-5781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ciara M.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1261-5902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Newland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5337-1831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dearbhaile","family":"Dooley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2147\/JN.S143236","article-title":"Epidemiology of worldwide spinal cord injury: a literature review","volume":"6","author":"Kang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurorestoratol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2013.11.002","article-title":"From basics to clinical: a comprehensive review on spinal cord injury","volume":"114","author":"Silva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00282","article-title":"Traumatic spinal cord injury: an overview of pathophysiology, models and acute injury mechanisms","volume":"10","author":"Alizadeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02337-2","article-title":"Inflammation after spinal cord injury: a review of the critical timeline of signaling cues and cellular infiltration","volume":"18","author":"Hellenbrand","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4096","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31797-0","article-title":"Microglia coordinate cellular interactions during spinal cord repair in mice","volume":"13","author":"Brennan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib6","first-page":"528","article-title":"Depletion of microglia exacerbates injury and impairs function recovery after spinal cord injury in mice","volume":"11","author":"Fu","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4658","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0498-17.2017","article-title":"Insights into the dual role of inflammation after spinal cord injury","volume":"37","author":"Rust","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.06.009","article-title":"Inflammation and its role in neuroprotection, axonal regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury","volume":"209","author":"Donnelly","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2020.152033","article-title":"Advances in immunotherapy for the treatment of spinal cord injury","volume":"226","author":"Al Mamun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.228722","article-title":"Immunomodulation as a neuroprotective strategy after spinal cord injury","volume":"13","author":"Monteiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neural regeneration research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.231037","article-title":"ThermoCyte: an inexpensive open-source temperature control system for in vitro live-cell imaging","volume":"10","author":"O'Carroll","year":"2023","journal-title":"R. Soc. Open Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202300951","article-title":"An in vitro and Ex vivo analysis of the potential of GelMA hydrogels as a therapeutic platform for preclinical spinal cord injury","author":"Walsh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23899","article-title":"Murine induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neuroimmune cell culture models emphasize opposite immune-effector functions of interleukin 13-primed microglia and macrophages in terms of neuroimmune toxicity","volume":"69","author":"Quarta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib14","first-page":"406","volume":"82","author":"Quarta","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobme.2020.05.002","article-title":"Current advances in in vitro models of central nervous system trauma","volume":"14","author":"Omelchenko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Biomed Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.385280","article-title":"Progress in the generation of spinal cord organoids over the past decade and future perspectives","volume":"19","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01212-z","article-title":"Luminescent human iPSC-Derived neurospheroids enable modeling of neurotoxicity after oxygen\u2013glucose deprivation","volume":"19","author":"Van Breedam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.059845","article-title":"Cerebral organoids in primary progressive multiple sclerosis reveal stem cell and oligodendrocyte differentiation defect","volume":"12","author":"Daviaud","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4659","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9403-z","article-title":"Organotypic spinal cord culture: a proper platform for the functional screening","volume":"53","author":"Pandamooz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12909","article-title":"Cell viability in three ex vivo rat models of spinal cord injury","volume":"234","author":"Patar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2019.00001","article-title":"3D organotypic spinal cultures: exploring neuron and neuroglia responses upon prolonged exposure to graphene oxide","volume":"13","author":"Musto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.01.022","article-title":"An in vitro spinal cord injury model to screen neuroregenerative materials","volume":"35","author":"Weightman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib23","first-page":"60","article-title":"An in vitro model of neurotrauma in organotypic spinal cord cultures from adult mice","volume":"10","author":"Krassioukov","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.592005","article-title":"Organotypic brain slice culture microglia exhibit molecular similarity to acutely-isolated adult microglia and provide a platform to study neuroinflammation","volume":"14","author":"Delbridge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-021-00868-6","article-title":"Diverse inflammatory threats modulate astrocytes Ca(2+) signaling via connexin43 hemichannels in organotypic spinal slices","volume":"14","author":"Panattoni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1519-z","article-title":"Cytokine inflammatory threat, but not LPS one, shortens GABAergic synaptic currents in the mouse spinal cord organotypic cultures","volume":"16","author":"Giacco","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3649","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S245300","article-title":"Liposomal encapsulated curcumin effectively attenuates neuroinflammatory and reactive astrogliosis reactions in glia cells and organotypic brain slices","volume":"15","author":"Schmitt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1744806920917249","article-title":"Interferon-\u03b3 facilitates the synaptic transmission between primary afferent C-fibres and lamina I neurons in the rat spinal dorsal horn via microglia activation","volume":"16","author":"Reischer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib29","first-page":"216","volume":"97","author":"Eigel","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3620","DOI":"10.1039\/c2sm07411g","article-title":"Preparation of poly(ethylene glycol) aligned porous cryogels using a unidirectional freezing technique","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib31","first-page":"445","article-title":"Polymeric cryogels as promising materials of biotechnological interest","volume":"21","author":"Lozinsky","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib32","volume":"271","author":"Eigel","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4997","DOI":"10.1039\/D0BM01249A","article-title":"Heparin-based, injectable microcarriers for controlled delivery of interleukin-13 to the brain","volume":"8","author":"Schirmer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5047","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201500898","article-title":"Tackling cell transplantation anoikis: an injectable, shape memory cryogel microcarrier platform material for stem cell and neuronal cell growth","volume":"11","author":"Newland","year":"2015","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib35","first-page":"404","volume":"369","author":"Hakami","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201400250","article-title":"A compressible scaffold for minimally invasive delivery of large intact neuronal networks","volume":"4","author":"B\u00e9duer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib37","volume":"270","author":"Filippova","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4864","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.9b00626","article-title":"Development of cryogel-based guidance conduit for peripheral nerve regeneration","volume":"2","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib39","volume":"147","author":"Eigel","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02458-2","article-title":"Macrophage-based delivery of interleukin-13 improves functional and histopathological outcomes following spinal cord injury","volume":"19","author":"Van Broeckhoven","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2016.11.005","article-title":"Cell-based delivery of Interleukin-13 directs alternative activation of macrophages resulting in improved functional outcome after spinal cord injury","volume":"7","author":"Dooley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1900909","article-title":"IL-13 ameliorates neuroinflammation and promotes functional recovery after traumatic brain injury","volume":"204","author":"Miao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2144\/000112257","article-title":"CellProfiler\u2122: free, versatile software for automated biological image analysis","volume":"42","author":"Lamprecht","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0756-7","article-title":"Intracerebral transplantation of interleukin 13-producing mesenchymal stem cells limits microgliosis, oligodendrocyte loss and demyelination in the cuprizone mouse model","volume":"13","author":"Le Blon","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1212-7","article-title":"Targeted intracerebral delivery of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL13 promotes alternative activation of both microglia and macrophages after stroke","volume":"15","author":"Hamzei Taj","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-019-00761-0","article-title":"Peripheral administration of IL-13 induces anti-inflammatory microglial\/macrophage responses and provides neuroprotection in ischemic stroke","volume":"16","author":"Kolosowska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2795-6","article-title":"Microglia-organized scar-free spinal cord repair in neonatal mice","volume":"587","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.12.045","article-title":"Macrophage activation and its role in repair and pathology after spinal cord injury","volume":"1619","author":"Gensel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3053","article-title":"Repertoire of microglial and macrophage responses after spinal cord injury","volume":"12","author":"David","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3257-09.2009","article-title":"Identification of two distinct macrophage subsets with divergent effects causing either neurotoxicity or regeneration in the injured mouse spinal cord","volume":"29","author":"Kigerl","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib51","first-page":"1169","volume":"vol. 16","author":"Cakir","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib52","first-page":"96","volume":"vol. 28","author":"Zhang","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47444-6","article-title":"Functionalization of brain region-specific spheroids with isogenic microglia-Like cells","volume":"9","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.816439","article-title":"Microglia and microglia-like cells: similar but different","volume":"16","author":"Cuadros","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib55","article-title":"Microglia-like cells promote neuronal functions in cerebral organoids","volume":"11","author":"Fagerlund","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib56","article-title":"Genomics analysis of metabolic pathways of human stem cell-derived microglia-like cells and the integrated cortical spheroids","volume":"2019","author":"Bejoy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cell. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib57","article-title":"The organotypic longitudinal spinal cord slice culture for stem cell study","volume":"2015","author":"Sypecka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cell. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib58","first-page":"253","volume":"50","author":"Hammond","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib59","volume":"16","author":"Hashemizadeh","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib60","volume":"7","author":"Gensel","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jctc.9b00868","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide simulations are sensitive to phosphate charge and ion parameterization","volume":"16","author":"Rice","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Chem. Theor. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8057","DOI":"10.1021\/jp8027963","article-title":"Effect of cations on the structure of bilayers formed by lipopolysaccharides isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1","volume":"112","author":"Kucerka","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1021\/bm401884e","article-title":"Effects of PEGylation on membrane and lipopolysaccharide interactions of host defense peptides","volume":"15","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib64","volume":"13","author":"Gr\u00fcbel","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1021\/bm201763n","article-title":"Promoting nerve cell functions on hydrogels grafted with poly(L-lysine)","volume":"13","author":"Cai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2604","DOI":"10.1002\/pat.4681","article-title":"Characterization and optimization of a positively charged poly (ethylene glycol)diacrylate hydrogel as an actuating muscle tissue engineering scaffold","volume":"30","author":"Scott","year":"2019","journal-title":"Polym. Adv. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib67","first-page":"806","volume":"vol. 7","author":"Nagoshi","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.3727\/096368912X640484","article-title":"Bone marrow stromal cell-mediated tissue sparing enhances functional repair after spinal cord contusion in adult rats","volume":"21","author":"Ritfeld","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1999.16.817","article-title":"Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) enhances tissue sparing and functional recovery following moderate spinal cord injury","volume":"16","author":"Rabchevsky","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(24)00173-X","article-title":"Prognostic value of tissue bridges in cervical spinal cord injury: a longitudinal, multicentre, retrospective cohort study","volume":"23","author":"Pfyffer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adi3259","article-title":"Microglia promote maladaptive plasticity in autonomic circuitry after spinal cord injury in mice","volume":"16","author":"Brennan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib72","article-title":"Dissecting the dual role of the glial scar and scar-forming astrocytes in spinal cord injury","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1326","article-title":"Regeneration beyond the glial scar","volume":"5","author":"Silver","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858418783959","article-title":"Microglia-astrocyte crosstalk: an intimate molecular conversation","volume":"25","author":"Jha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22296","article-title":"Microglia are required for astroglial toll-like receptor 4 response and for optimal TLR2 and TLR3 response","volume":"60","author":"Holm","year":"2012","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib76","first-page":"21","volume":"8","author":"Bellini","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22657","article-title":"LPS and IL-1 differentially activate mouse and human astrocytes: role of CD14","volume":"62","author":"Tarassishin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.21094","article-title":"Astrocyte TLR4 activation induces a proinflammatory environment through the interplay between MyD88-dependent NF\u03baB signaling, MAPK, and Jak1\/Stat1 pathways","volume":"59","author":"Gorina","year":"2011","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib79","volume":"14","author":"Sardari","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib80","first-page":"19","volume":"35","author":"Kang","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib81","first-page":"51","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), up-regulate the IL-1-mRNA and down-regulate the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and glutamine synthetase (GS)-mRNAs in astroglial primary cultures","volume":"5","author":"Letournel-Boulland","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur. Cytokine Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib82","first-page":"255","volume":"19","author":"Vizuete","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22930","article-title":"Sequential activation of microglia and astrocyte cytokine expression precedes increased iba-1 or GFAP immunoreactivity following systemic immune challenge","volume":"64","author":"Norden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib84","first-page":"312","volume":"24","author":"Escartin","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib85","first-page":"280","article-title":"An organotypic spinal cord slice culture model to quantify neurodegeneration","volume":"211","author":"Ravikumar","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-008-0408-8","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide preconditioning induces protection against lipopolysaccharide-induced neurotoxicity in organotypic midbrain slice culture","volume":"24","author":"Ding","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1490-8","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation induces presynaptic disruption through a direct action on brain tissue involving microglia-derived interleukin 1 beta","volume":"16","author":"Sheppard","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aay6324","article-title":"Microglia response following acute demyelination is heterogeneous and limits infiltrating macrophage dispersion","volume":"6","author":"Plemel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib89","volume":"3","author":"Hutter-Schmid","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00888","article-title":"Tuning the cytokine responses: an update on interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 receptor complexes","volume":"9","author":"Junttila","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10357","article-title":"Microglia expressing interleukin-13 undergo cell death and contribute to neuronal survival in vivo","volume":"46","author":"Shin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10057","article-title":"Interleukin-13 and -4 induce death of activated microglia","volume":"38","author":"Yang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Glia"}],"container-title":["Materials Today Bio"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590006425007811?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590006425007811?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T20:42:26Z","timestamp":1772916146000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2590006425007811"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":92,"alternative-id":["S2590006425007811"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211","relation":{},"ISSN":["2590-0064"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2590-0064","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cryogel scaffolds for localised delivery of lipopolysaccharide in organotypic spinal cord slice cultures: A novel ex vivo model of neuroinflammation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Materials Today Bio","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mtbio.2025.102211","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102211"}}