{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T05:11:07Z","timestamp":1778908267544,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013105","name":"Shanghai Rising-Star Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23YF1407200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23YF1407200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013105","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012247","name":"Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21XD1400100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21XD1400100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012247","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32100930"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32100930"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T2241002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T2241002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82101320"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82101320"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32300935"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32300935"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32130044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32130044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021ZD0202500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZD0202500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Materials Today Bio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T16:35:28Z","timestamp":1773333328000},"page":"103018","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Customized ultra-flexible and adhesive spinal cord stimulation electrode for chronic pain management"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2284-4510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miao","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zili","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liting","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Quansheng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haoyi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia-Jia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yousheng","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00393-7","article-title":"Chronic pain: an update on burden, best practices, and new advances","volume":"397","author":"Cohen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib2","article-title":"Opioid complications and side effects","volume":"11","author":"Benyamin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.06.019","article-title":"The evidence for pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain","volume":"150","author":"Finnerup","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib4","article-title":"Flexible hybrid electronics for digital healthcare","volume":"32","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1700053","article-title":"Instant tough bonding of hydrogels for soft machines and electronics","volume":"3","author":"Wirthl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00794-7","article-title":"Neuromodulation for chronic pain","volume":"397","author":"Knotkova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabg7833","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abg7833","article-title":"Electronics with shape actuation for minimally invasive spinal cord stimulation","volume":"7","author":"Woodington","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202403562","article-title":"Bioelectronic implantable devices for physiological signal recording and closed-loop neuromodulation","volume":"34","author":"Oh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-024-01240-x","article-title":"A shape-morphing cortex-adhesive sensor for closed-loop transcranial ultrasound neurostimulation","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Electron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201804895","article-title":"Flexible and implantable microelectrodes for chronically stable neural interfaces","volume":"31","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/9\/5\/056015","article-title":"Comprehensive characterization and failure modes of tungsten microwire arrays in chronic neural implants","volume":"9","author":"Prasad","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neural. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ab4104","article-title":"Spinal cord neural interfacing in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)","volume":"17","author":"Prins","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neural. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2013.06.012","article-title":"Is spinal cord stimulation safe? A review of its complications","volume":"82","author":"Bendersky","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib14","article-title":"Beyond tissue replacement: the emerging role of smart implants in healthcare","volume":"22","author":"Abyzova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24621","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c07150","article-title":"Tissue-like bioelectronic material strategies for personalized closed-loop neuroprostheses","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20118","article-title":"A brain\u2013spine interface alleviating gait deficits after spinal cord injury in primates","volume":"539","author":"Capogrosso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202303377","article-title":"A hyperflexible electrode array for long-term recording and decoding of intraspinal neuronal activity","volume":"10","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-44898-9","article-title":"Dual electrical stimulation at spinal-muscular interface reconstructs spinal sensorimotor circuits after spinal cord injury","volume":"15","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadl1230","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adl1230","article-title":"Flexible circumferential bioelectronics to enable 360-degree recording and stimulation of the spinal cord","volume":"10","author":"Woodington","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.precisioneng.2008.10.004","article-title":"Towards flexible medical instruments: review of flexible fluidic actuators","volume":"33","author":"De Greef","year":"2009","journal-title":"Precis. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2004.100.3.0254","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of chronic pain: a 20-year literature review","volume":"100","author":"Cameron","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00096-5","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain","volume":"21","author":"Ferraro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib23","article-title":"Microneedles for in situ tissue regeneration","volume":"19","author":"Long","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3166","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12193166","article-title":"Biocompatibility of polyimides: a mini-review","volume":"12","author":"Constantin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.138730","article-title":"High-adhesion PDMS\/Ag conductive composites for flexible hybrid integration","volume":"451","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1039\/D1TA09096H","article-title":"Ultrafast self-healing and self-adhesive polysiloxane towards reconfigurable on-skin electronics","volume":"10","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27278","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TA09158K","article-title":"Autonomous self-healing, self-adhesive, highly conductive composites based on a silver-filled polyborosiloxane\/polydimethylsiloxane double-network elastomer","volume":"7","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202100773","article-title":"Significance of flexible substrates for wearable and implantable devices: recent advances and perspectives","volume":"7","author":"Hassan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202307810","article-title":"Sticky and strain-gradient artificial epineurium for sutureless nerve repair in rodents and nonhuman Primates","volume":"36","author":"Seong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-023-01023-w","article-title":"Adhesive bioelectronics for sutureless epicardial interfacing","volume":"6","author":"Choi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Electron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.05.004","article-title":"Achieving long-term stability of thin-film electrodes for neurostimulation","volume":"139","author":"Oldroyd","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202003155","article-title":"Stretchable electronics based on PDMS substrates","volume":"33","author":"Qi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2003.09.022","article-title":"UV\/ozone modification of poly (dimethylsiloxane) microfluidic channels","volume":"97","author":"Berdichevsky","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201800923","article-title":"Monolithic and scalable Au nanorod substrates improve PEDOT\u2013metal adhesion and stability in neural electrodes","volume":"7","author":"Ganji","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadg4031","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adg4031","article-title":"Molecular architecture regulation for the design of instant and robust underwater adhesives","volume":"9","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11336","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.0c00798","article-title":"Polymeric tissue adhesives","volume":"121","author":"Nam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12582","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.6b03823","article-title":"Synthesis of structure-controlled polyborosiloxanes and investigation on their viscoelastic response to molecular mass of polydimethylsiloxane triggered by both chemical and physical interactions","volume":"55","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2551","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7037(03)00096-6","article-title":"ATR-FTIR spectroscopic studies of boric acid adsorption on hydrous ferric oxide","volume":"67","author":"Peak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Geochem. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.201800702","article-title":"Boric acid as a coupling agent for preparation of phenolic resin containing boron and silicon with enhanced char yield","volume":"40","author":"Yun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Macromol. Rapid Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06628-x","article-title":"Injectable tissue prosthesis for instantaneous closed-loop rehabilitation","volume":"623","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2776","DOI":"10.1021\/jp409653t","article-title":"Sorption of gold by naked and thiol-capped magnetite nanoparticles: an XPS approach","volume":"118","author":"Odio","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1038\/nchem.1352","article-title":"The gold\u2013sulfur interface at the nanoscale","volume":"4","author":"H\u00e4kkinen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.10.015","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation of dorsal columns in a rat model of neuropathic pain: evidence for a segmental spinal mechanism of pain relief","volume":"153","author":"Smits","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1038\/s41557-019-0216-y","article-title":"Non-chemisorbed gold\u2013sulfur binding prevails in self-assembled monolayers","volume":"11","author":"Inkpen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2023.135099","article-title":"Soft, conformal PDMS-based ECoG electrode array for long-term in vivo applications","volume":"401","author":"Moon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8624","DOI":"10.1039\/D5NR00171D","article-title":"Self-healing and highly adhesive conductive polydimethylsiloxane-based elastomers for chronic epilepsy monitoring","volume":"17","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1109\/10.914800","article-title":"Flexible polyimide-based intracortical electrode arrays with bioactive capability","volume":"48","author":"Rousche","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009955222114","article-title":"Micromachined, polyimide-based devices for flexible neural interfaces","volume":"2","author":"Stieglitz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biomed. Microdevices"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201803279","article-title":"Self-adhesive and ultra-conformable, sub-300 nm dry thin-film electrodes for surface monitoring of biopotentials","volume":"28","author":"Nawrocki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2018.2","article-title":"Microglia in neuropathic pain: cellular and molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential","volume":"19","author":"Inoue","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib51","first-page":"dxaf072","article-title":"Generation of CD68+ macrophage-depleted NOG mice for in vivo engraftment of human red blood cells","author":"Ohno","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.06.022","article-title":"Glia and pain: is chronic pain a gliopathy?","volume":"154","author":"Ji","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04223","article-title":"BDNF from microglia causes the shift in neuronal anion gradient underlying neuropathic pain","volume":"438","author":"Coull","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5856","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501634102","article-title":"The CNS role of toll-like receptor 4 in innate neuroimmunity and painful neuropathy","volume":"102","author":"Tanga","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1159\/000503325","article-title":"MicroRNA-193a downregulates HMGB1 to alleviate diabetic neuropathic pain in a mouse model","volume":"26","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2011.11.006","article-title":"Decreased intracellular GABA levels contribute to spinal cord stimulation-induced analgesia in rats suffering from painful peripheral neuropathy: the role of KCC2 and GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition","volume":"60","author":"Janssen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.983","article-title":"Endocannabinoid activation of CB1 receptors contributes to long-lasting reversal of neuropathic pain by repetitive spinal cord stimulation","volume":"21","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2024.1512950","article-title":"Spinal neuromodulation using ultra low frequency waveform inhibits sensory signaling to the thalamus and preferentially reduces aberrant firing of thalamic neurons in a model of neuropathic pain","volume":"18","author":"Jones","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3155","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2022.3162073","article-title":"Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation of periaqueductal gray for analgesia","volume":"69","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s12576-018-0607-7","article-title":"Isoflurane anesthesia does not affect spinal cord neurovascular coupling: evidence from decerebrated rats","volume":"69","author":"Paquette","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/13\/5\/056005","article-title":"Decoding intravesical pressure from local field potentials in rat lumbosacral spinal cord","volume":"13","author":"Im","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neural. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12921","article-title":"Prolonged analgesia by spinal cord stimulation following a spinal injury associated with activation of adult neural progenitors","volume":"20","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.111253","article-title":"Early synaptic dysfunction of striatal parvalbumin interneurons in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"27","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2010.06.020","article-title":"Chronux: a platform for analyzing neural signals","volume":"192","author":"Bokil","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"}],"container-title":["Materials Today Bio"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590006426002619?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590006426002619?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T04:37:44Z","timestamp":1778906264000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2590006426002619"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":64,"alternative-id":["S2590006426002619"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018","relation":{},"ISSN":["2590-0064"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2590-0064","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Customized ultra-flexible and adhesive spinal cord stimulation electrode for chronic pain management","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Materials Today Bio","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103018","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103018"}}