{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:30:31Z","timestamp":1787027431250,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012131","name":"Department of Science and Technology of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023JH2\/101300046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JH2\/101300046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012131","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Materials Today Bio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:38:29Z","timestamp":1781224709000},"page":"103346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Bacterial phospholipid selective quaternary phosphonium polymers with potent antibacterial activity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Tianjing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangchen","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengming","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3910-2218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib1","article-title":"The 2024 political declaration on antimicrobial resistance needs bold targets","volume":"386","author":"Tangcharoensathien","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical research ed.)"},{"issue":"6435","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau4679","article-title":"The challenge of antimicrobial resistance: what economics can contribute","volume":"364","author":"Roope","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib3","first-page":"386","article-title":"Facile fabrication of antioxidative and antibacterial hydrogel films to accelerate infected diabetic wound healing","volume":"53","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"issue":"51","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202470300","article-title":"Gallium nanostructure-based microneedle patch for multidrug-resistant bacterial wound healing: enhanced metal release and NIR photothermal effect","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/EXP.20230087","article-title":"Recent design strategies for boosting chemodynamic therapy of bacterial infections","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exploration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2023.215075","article-title":"Recent advances in nanoparticle-mediated antibacterial applications","volume":"482","author":"Roy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202405009","article-title":"Near infrared II laser-boosted peroxynitrite generation hollow copper single atom nanozyme for effective bacterial infection treatment","volume":"14","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15204","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c03527","article-title":"Metabolic modulation-mediated antibiotic and immune activation for treatment of chronic lung infections","volume":"18","author":"Xiu","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202402530","article-title":"Engineered probiotic bio-heterojunction with robust antibiofilm modality via \u201cEating\u201d extracellular polymeric substances for wound regeneration","volume":"36","author":"Qin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib10","first-page":"426","article-title":"Bacteria microenvironment-responsive missile microneedles modulate immunity and penetrate biofilm for diabetic wound therapy","volume":"55","author":"Yang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.02.029","article-title":"Near-infrared laser-controlled nitric oxide-releasing gold nanostar\/hollow polydopamine Janus nanoparticles for synergistic elimination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and wound healing","volume":"143","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202403527","article-title":"Neutrophil-Mimicking nanozyme with Cascade catalytic releasing nitric oxide and signet oxygen property for synergistic bimodal therapy of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus infections","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib13","article-title":"Antibacterial Ti-Cu implants: a critical review on mechanisms of action","volume":"17","author":"Mahmoudi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib14","article-title":"Nanotherapies based on bacterial metabolism: mechanisms, design and application","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41800","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c14236","article-title":"Bacterial phospholipid-inducible helix-transformable antimicrobial polypeptides","volume":"147","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adn9435","article-title":"Helicity-directed recognition of bacterial phospholipid via radially amphiphilic antimicrobial peptides","volume":"10","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1038\/s41570-024-00627-w","article-title":"The astrochemical evolutionary traits of phospholipid membrane homochirality","volume":"8","author":"Bockov\u00e1","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Chem"},{"issue":"8059","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08678-9","article-title":"A polyene macrolide targeting phospholipids in the fungal cell membrane","volume":"640","author":"Deng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21781","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c23240","article-title":"pH window for high selectivity of ionizable antimicrobial polymers toward bacteria","volume":"15","author":"Geng","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuv008","article-title":"Bacterial membrane lipids: diversity in structures and pathways","volume":"40","author":"Sohlenkamp","year":"2015","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adn8117","article-title":"Targeting the phosphatidylglycerol lipid: an amphiphilic dendrimer as a promising antibacterial candidate","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15257-1","article-title":"Ca2+-Daptomycin targets cell wall biosynthesis by forming a tripartite complex with undecaprenyl-coupled intermediates and membrane lipids","volume":"11","author":"Grein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-020-0529-6","article-title":"Plasma membranes are asymmetric in lipid unsaturation, packing and protein shape","volume":"16","author":"Lorent","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2752","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10711-1","article-title":"The role of PS 18:0\/18:1 in membrane function","volume":"10","author":"Skotland","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2330","article-title":"Membrane lipids: where they are and how they behave","volume":"9","author":"van Meer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202000647","article-title":"Unnatural amino-acid-based star-shaped Poly(l-Ornithine)s as emerging long-term and biofilm-disrupting antimicrobial peptides to treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Infected burn wounds","volume":"9","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.1c00126","article-title":"Facile synthesis of imidazolium-based block copolypeptides with excellent antimicrobial activity","volume":"22","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"issue":"47","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20257","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.0c10771","article-title":"Molecular sizes and antibacterial performance relationships of flexible ionic liquid derivatives","volume":"142","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202310636","article-title":"Oxygen-Free polycationic photosensitizers for treatment of periodontal inflammation","volume":"34","author":"Qian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmst.2024.06.041","article-title":"Peptide-mimicking poly(2-oxazoline) displaying potent antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria","volume":"214","author":"Cong","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03148-w","article-title":"An antibacterial, antioxidant and hemostatic hydrogel accelerates infectious wound healing","volume":"23","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03333-x","article-title":"Review of light activated antibacterial nanomaterials in the second biological window","volume":"23","author":"Thangudu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"issue":"44","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202511045","article-title":"Virulence-Selective trap\u2013capture\u2013kill antibacterial nanostructures with immune\u2013metabolic regulation for treating implant-associated infections","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2023.101679","article-title":"Host defense peptide mimicking antimicrobial amino acid polymers and beyond: design, synthesis and biomedical applications","volume":"141","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog. Polym. Sci."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202503738","article-title":"Bioinspired Cationic antimicrobial polymers","volume":"64","author":"Javadi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2025.103658","article-title":"Cationic antibacterial polymers for development of bactericidal materials: strategies, mechanisms, and applications","volume":"346","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222-023-00143-4","article-title":"Synthetic peptide branched polymers for antibacterial and biomedical applications","volume":"2","author":"Shabani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Bioeng."},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adp6604","article-title":"Fluoroamphiphilic polymers exterminate multidrug-resistant Gram-negative ESKAPE pathogens while attenuating drug resistance","volume":"10","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202418229","article-title":"Dual-Cascade responsive H2Se delivery nanogels bearing selenobenzamide as H2Se donor for the treatment of multidrug resistant bacteria infections","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15591","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.0c00171","article-title":"Development of bis-cyclic Imidazolidine-4-one derivatives as potent antibacterial agents","volume":"63","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib41","article-title":"Cu-Fe bimetallic peroxide-based nanozyme with microenvironment-triggered cascade catalysis for synergistic hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide, and oxygen generation in trimodal wound infection therapy","volume":"32","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmacrolett.1c00698","article-title":"Main-Chain sulfonium-containing homopolymers with negligible hemolytic toxicity for eradication of bacterial and fungal biofilms","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Macro Lett."},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202104402","article-title":"High antibacterial activity and selectivity of the versatile polysulfoniums that combat drug resistance","volume":"33","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41400","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c09698","article-title":"Antifouling and antibacterial surfaces grafted with sulfur-containing copolymers","volume":"14","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6966","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.4c00461","article-title":"Ammonium, phosphonium, and sulfonium polymers for antimicrobial applications: a comparative Study","volume":"6","author":"Gong","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Polym. Mater."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202425069","article-title":"Modular synthesis of dendritic oligo-glycerol cationic surfactants for enhanced antibacterial efficacy","volume":"64","author":"Hanheiser","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2024.124616","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of novel quaternary ammonium and phosphonium salts","volume":"401","author":"Nunes","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201601134","article-title":"Short synthetic beta-sheet antimicrobial peptides for the treatment of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa burn wound infections","volume":"6","author":"Zhong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib49","first-page":"114","article-title":"Strategies and applications of antibacterial surface-modified biomaterials","volume":"53","author":"Su","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib50","article-title":"Diclofenac resensitizes Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus to beta-Lactams and prevents implant infections","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. (Weinh.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib51","article-title":"NIR\/pH-responsive arginine-\u03b5-polylysine\/black phosphorus nanocomposites for synergistic therapy of bacterial infections","volume":"34","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1839","article-title":"Membrane lipid homeostasis in bacteria","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6950","DOI":"10.1021\/ja025678o","article-title":"Intramolecular dimers: a new strategy to fluorescence quenching in dual-labeled oligonucleotide probes","volume":"124","author":"Johansson","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib54","article-title":"Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance","volume":"387","author":"Holmes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2024.05.015","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance: a key microbial survival mechanism that threatens public health","volume":"32","author":"Abbas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2022.101602","article-title":"Biofilm microenvironment-responsive nanoparticles for the treatment of bacterial infection","volume":"46","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.1c02324","article-title":"Peptidomimetic polyurethanes inhibit bacterial biofilm Formation and disrupt surface established biofilms","author":"Vishwakarma","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202002655","article-title":"pH\u2010Responsive polymer\u2013drug conjugate: an effective strategy to combat the antimicrobial resistance","volume":"30","author":"Ye","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."}],"container-title":["Materials Today Bio"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590006426005910?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590006426005910?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:01:27Z","timestamp":1787025687000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2590006426005910"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["S2590006426005910"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346","relation":{},"ISSN":["2590-0064"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2590-0064","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Bacterial phospholipid selective quaternary phosphonium polymers with potent antibacterial activity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Materials Today Bio","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103346","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103346"}}