{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:29:38Z","timestamp":1787027378382,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":330,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Materials Today Bio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T06:54:30Z","timestamp":1781592870000},"page":"103357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Oral hydrogel systems in lower gastrointestinal disorders: From disease-based therapy to microbiota-guided design"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Haoming","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0152-1900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wuzheng","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiwen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jixin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingwen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuhao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kainan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaohui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4268-6429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuai","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6610-1344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xulin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-025-02281-w","article-title":"Microbiota-mediated mechanisms of mucosal immunity across the lifespan","volume":"26","author":"Iliev","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-025-01193-x","article-title":"Research progress on the microbial metabolism and transport of polyamines and their roles in animal gut homeostasis","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3608","article-title":"Intestinal epithelial cells: regulators of barrier function and immune homeostasis","volume":"14","author":"Peterson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00794-x","article-title":"Impact of enteric bacterial infections at and beyond the epithelial barrier","volume":"21","author":"Rogers","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib5","article-title":"Unveiling the therapeutic symphony of probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics in gut-immune harmony","volume":"11","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114893","article-title":"The gut microbes in inflammatory bowel disease: future novel target option for pharmacotherapy","volume":"165","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2490207","article-title":"Gut microbiota and epigenetic inheritance: implications for the development of IBD","volume":"17","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2236364","article-title":"Colorectal cancer and gut microbiota studies in China","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjae061","article-title":"Colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: a review of the role of gut microbiota and bacterial biofilms in disease pathogenesis","volume":"18","author":"Mu\u00f1iz Pedrogo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S447496","article-title":"Advances in nanotechnology for enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2023.01.001","article-title":"IBD disease-modifying therapies: insights from emerging therapeutics","volume":"29","author":"Kotla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm16040219","article-title":"Beyond the gut: extra-enteric digestive manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease\u2014A personalized medicine perspective and comprehensive review","volume":"16","author":"Rogalidou","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Personalized Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.02.014","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis: efficacy of mesalamine in irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Goodoory","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1038\/s41570-023-00471-4","article-title":"Targeting the human gut microbiome with small-molecule inhibitors","volume":"7","author":"Woo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s42114-025-01292-3","article-title":"Therapeutic applications and potential biological barriers of nano-delivery systems in common gastrointestinal disorders: a comprehensive review","volume":"8","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Compos. Hybrid Mater."},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202501540","article-title":"Drug delivery strategies for the lower GI tract: a review","volume":"14","author":"De Munter","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib17","article-title":"Recent advances in oral hydrogel drug delivery system for disease treatment","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2023.213501","article-title":"Progress in the application of 3D-printed sodium alginate-based hydrogel scaffolds in bone tissue repair","volume":"152","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomater. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.34133\/research.0477","article-title":"Intelligent hydrogel-assisted hepatocellular carcinoma therapy","volume":"7","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmt.2023.05.002","article-title":"Functional hydrogels for treatment of dental caries","volume":"5","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedical Technology"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib21","article-title":"Hydrogel\u2010transformable probiotic powder for targeted eradication of Helicobacter pylori with enhanced gastric mucosal repair and microbiota preservation","volume":"12","author":"Lai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-022-00581-2","article-title":"Microbiome risk profiles as biomarkers for inflammatory and metabolic disorders","volume":"19","author":"Metwaly","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1002\/ame2.12262","article-title":"Research progress on the relationship between intestinal microecology and intestinal bowel disease","volume":"5","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animal Model. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.17720","article-title":"The complex interplay between diet and Escherichia coli in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"58","author":"Faqerah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202302798","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid ameliorates post\u2010infectious irritable bowel syndrome by regulating extracellular vesicles of gut microbes","volume":"10","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202205563","article-title":"Role of the gut microbiota and its metabolites in tumorigenesis or development of colorectal cancer","volume":"10","author":"Qu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2022.108013","article-title":"Targeted delivery of hydrogels in human gastrointestinal tract: a review","volume":"134","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2021.121392","article-title":"SHARP hydrogel for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"613","author":"Pol\u00e1kov\u00e1","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38273","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c06693","article-title":"Injectable bioadhesive hydrogels scavenging ROS and restoring mucosal barrier for enhanced ulcerative colitis therapy","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.123222","article-title":"Research progress of colon-targeted oral hydrogel system based on natural polysaccharides","volume":"643","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib31","article-title":"Targeting IBD treatment: smart drug delivery systems for oral administration","author":"Xu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mater. Today Bio"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2015.02.018","article-title":"Advances in oral nano-delivery systems for colon targeted drug delivery in inflammatory bowel disease: selective targeting to diseased versus healthy tissue","volume":"11","author":"Hua","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cocis.2014.07.002","article-title":"Biopolymer-based nanoparticles and microparticles: fabrication, characterization, and application","volume":"19","author":"Joye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-3659(03)00179-2","article-title":"Gelled emulsion particles for the controlled release of lipophilic volatiles during eating","volume":"90","author":"Malone","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Contr. Release"},{"issue":"300","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300ra128","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaa5657","article-title":"An inflammation-targeting hydrogel for local drug delivery in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2024.112817","article-title":"Recent advances in stimuli responsive hydrogels for oral disease treatment","volume":"240","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2024.09.014","article-title":"Hagfish-inspired hydrogel for root caries: a multifunctional approach including immediate protection, antimicrobial phototherapy, and remineralization","volume":"188","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"issue":"44","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11784","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b02525","article-title":"Development of pH sensitive alginate\/gum tragacanth based hydrogels for oral insulin delivery","volume":"66","author":"Cikrikci","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2023.121068","article-title":"Thiolated chitosan hydrogel-embedded niosomes: a promising crocin delivery system toward the management of aphthous stomatitis","volume":"318","author":"Taghizadeh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.67.3.429-453.2003","article-title":"Surviving the acid test: responses of gram-positive bacteria to low pH","volume":"67","author":"Cotter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2015.01.013","article-title":"Designing hydrogel particles for controlled or targeted release of lipophilic bioactive agents in the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"72","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crfs.2021.04.004","article-title":"A review on the food digestion in the digestive tract and the used in vitro models","volume":"4","author":"Sensoy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Food Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2019.04.013","article-title":"Impact of regional differences along the gastrointestinal tract of healthy adults on oral drug absorption: an UNGAP review","volume":"134","author":"Vertzoni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmaceut. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2015.05.057","article-title":"A modified emulsion gelation technique to improve buoyancy of hydrogel tablets for floating drug delivery systems","volume":"55","author":"Yom-Tov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3552","article-title":"Gut biogeography of the bacterial microbiota","volume":"14","author":"Donaldson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.104685","article-title":"Oral administration of protein nanoparticles: an emerging route to disease treatment","volume":"158","author":"Sadeghi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-019-0156-6","article-title":"Materials for oral delivery of proteins and peptides","volume":"5","author":"Brown","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3390\/polym9040137","article-title":"pH sensitive hydrogels in drug delivery: brief history, properties, swelling, and release mechanism, material selection and applications","volume":"9","author":"Rizwan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5757","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201209991","article-title":"Supramolecular self-assembled nanoparticles mediate oral delivery of therapeutic TNF-\u03b1 siRNA against systemic inflammation","volume":"52","author":"Yin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Angew. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-017-0906-y","article-title":"Development of chitosan-based pH-sensitive polymeric micelles containing curcumin for colon-targeted drug delivery","volume":"19","author":"Woraphatphadung","year":"2018","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202003619","article-title":"Multiscale construction of bifunctional electrocatalysts for long\u2010lifespan rechargeable zinc\u2013air batteries","volume":"30","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMR.1053.456","article-title":"Research and application of oral colon targeted drug delivery system","volume":"1053","author":"Bi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26041172","article-title":"Role of gut microbiota, probiotics and prebiotics in the cardiovascular diseases","volume":"26","author":"Oniszczuk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1007\/s10965-018-1546-y","article-title":"Construction and evaluation of the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose-sodium alginate composite hydrogel system for sustained drug release","volume":"25","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Polym. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1039\/C9SM02387A","article-title":"Viability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG microencapsulated in alginate\/chitosan hydrogel particles during storage and simulated gastrointestinal digestion: role of chitosan molecular weight","volume":"16","author":"Qi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-023-01565-2","article-title":"Oral nanotherapeutic formulation of insulin with reduced episodes of hypoglycaemia","volume":"19","author":"Hunt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-024-01764-5","article-title":"An orally administered glucose-responsive polymeric complex for high-efficiency and safe delivery of insulin in mice and pigs","volume":"19","author":"Ji","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib58","first-page":"26056","article-title":"Glucose-responsive microneedle patch with high insulin loading capacity for prolonged glycemic control in mice and minipigs","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2016.06.016","article-title":"Nanoparticles for oral delivery: design, evaluation and state-of-the-art","volume":"240","author":"Date","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Contr. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2023.115130","article-title":"Nanocarriers transport across the gastrointestinal barriers: the contribution to oral bioavailability via blood circulation and lymphatic pathway","volume":"203","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib61","series-title":"Nanoparticle-And biomaterials-mediated Oral Delivery for Drug, Gene, and Immunotherapy","first-page":"757","author":"Leong","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2015.01.014","article-title":"Steric and interactive barrier properties of intestinal mucus elucidated by particle diffusion and peptide permeation","volume":"95","author":"Boegh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.12.024","article-title":"Mucus permeating carriers: formulation and characterization of highly densely charged nanoparticles","volume":"97","author":"de Sousa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-bioeng-062117-121156","article-title":"Engineering the mucus barrier","volume":"20","author":"Carlson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G922","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2001.280.5.G922","article-title":"The adherent gastrointestinal mucus gel layer: thickness and physical state in vivo","volume":"280","author":"Atuma","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.88","article-title":"Immunological aspects of intestinal mucus and mucins","volume":"16","author":"Johansson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.113845","article-title":"Purified mucins in drug delivery research","volume":"178","author":"Marczynski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2015.07.038","article-title":"The influence of small intestinal mucus structure on particle transport ex vivo","volume":"135","author":"Bajka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"issue":"6380","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat0835","article-title":"Intestinal barriers protect against disease","volume":"359","author":"Citi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5b00028","article-title":"Overcoming the diffusion barrier of mucus and absorption barrier of epithelium by self-assembled nanoparticles for oral delivery of insulin","volume":"9","author":"Shan","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-0278-0","article-title":"Cell fate specification and differentiation in the adult mammalian intestine","volume":"22","author":"Beumer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.132107","article-title":"Zwitterionic polydopamine modified nanoparticles as an efficient nanoplatform to overcome both the mucus and epithelial barriers","volume":"428","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.8b00215","article-title":"pH-and amylase-responsive carboxymethyl starch\/poly (2-isobutyl-acrylic acid) hybrid microgels as effective enteric carriers for oral insulin delivery","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202303266","article-title":"Physiological barriers and strategies of lipid\u2010based nanoparticles for nucleic acid drug delivery","volume":"36","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.04.047","article-title":"Oral targeted drug delivery to post-gastrointestinal sites","volume":"370","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Contr. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(24)00390-X","article-title":"The intestinal barrier: a pivotal role in health, inflammation, and cancer","author":"Neurath","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3192","DOI":"10.1111\/all.16318","article-title":"The epithelial barrier theory and its associated diseases","volume":"79","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-328166","article-title":"Advancing human gut microbiota research by considering gut transit time","volume":"72","author":"Proch\u00e1zkov\u00e1","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3210","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-024-01856-x","article-title":"Gut physiology and environment explain variations in human gut microbiome composition and metabolism","volume":"9","author":"Proch\u00e1zkov\u00e1","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-025-01092-6","article-title":"Intestinal pH: a major driver of human gut microbiota composition and metabolism","volume":"22","author":"Brinck","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2265028","article-title":"Current insights on the roles of gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease-associated extra-intestinal manifestations: pathophysiology and therapeutic targets","volume":"15","author":"Tie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib82","article-title":"The role of neutrophils in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel diseases","author":"Steffens","year":"2026","journal-title":"Periodontol. 2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib83","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pathophysiology of colitis-associated colorectal cancer","author":"Neufert","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01953-7","article-title":"Signaling pathways involved in colorectal cancer: pathogenesis and targeted therapy","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Targeted Ther."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.656","article-title":"The gut microbiota\u2013brain axis in neurological disorders","volume":"5","author":"You","year":"2024","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-042320-014032","article-title":"The gut\u2013brain axis","volume":"73","author":"Mayer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70168","article-title":"Gut microbiota dysbiosis: pathogenesis, diseases, prevention, and therapy","volume":"6","author":"Shen","year":"2025","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fhfh.2025.100251","article-title":"Advances in food-grade hydrogel encapsulation of probiotics with next-generation prebiotics for targeted synbiotic delivery","author":"Minelgait\u0117","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Hydrocolloids for Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmt.2025.100084","article-title":"Superparamagnetic hydrogels: precision-driven platforms for biomedicine, robotics, and environmental remediation","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomedical Technology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.4c03077","article-title":"Drug-loaded Janus dressings precipitated from PEG\u2013PTMC thermosensitive hydrogel for oral ulcer treatment","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mba2.70019","article-title":"Advanced responsive hydrogels for diabetic wound healing: design principles, controlled drug delivery, therapeutic strategies, and application prospects","volume":"4","author":"Du","year":"2025","journal-title":"MedComm\u2013Biomaterials and Applications"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202210188","article-title":"Rapid gelation of tough and anti\u2010swelling hydrogels under mild conditions for underwater communication","volume":"33","author":"Pi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26770","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c05514","article-title":"Novel diabetic foot wound dressing based on multifunctional hydrogels with extensive temperature-tolerant, durable, adhesive, and intrinsic antibacterial properties","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/burnst\/tkaf025","article-title":"Innovations in hydrogel therapies for diabetic wound healing: bridging the gap between pathophysiology and clinical application","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Burns Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib95","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hydrogel-enabled drug delivery for ulcerative colitis: M. Sharma et al","author":"Sharma","year":"2026","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25560","DOI":"10.1039\/D5RA03731J","article-title":"Peptide-based therapeutic and delivery strategies for inflammatory bowel disease: challenges and future directions","volume":"15","author":"Ge","year":"2025","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib97","article-title":"Natural polymers based biocompatible nanomedicines for targeting Colon cancer: prospects and challenges","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/09205063.2026.2628305","article-title":"An overview of commercially available polymers for colon-targeted drug delivery systems","author":"Ghosh","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4393","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00222","article-title":"Emerging nanotechnologies and microbiome engineering for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"19","author":"Abed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.128348","article-title":"Exploring the potential of polysaccharide-based hybrid hydrogel systems for their biomedical and therapeutic applications: a review","volume":"256","author":"Mohanty","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.31083\/FBL25281","article-title":"Innovative gastrointestinal drug delivery systems: nanoparticles, hydrogels, and microgrippers","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-051921-084536","article-title":"Pharmacology of intestinal inflammation and repair","volume":"65","author":"Deraison","year":"2025","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib103","article-title":"Curcumin in colorectal cancer: mechanistic insights, pharmacological limitations, and translational perspectives","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.70133","article-title":"Current landscape of novel therapeutic agents and drug targets in irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"358","author":"Joshi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch. Pharmazie"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.643","article-title":"Biomedical applications of stimuli\u2010responsive nanomaterials","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.140951","article-title":"Potential interventions and interactions of bioactive polyphenols and functional polysaccharides to alleviate inflammatory bowel disease\u2013A review","volume":"462","author":"Farid","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13044","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c02403","article-title":"Mechanisms of nanoparticle transport across intestinal tissue: an oral delivery perspective","volume":"17","author":"Ejazi","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.02.036","article-title":"Chemotaxis-driven hybrid liposomes recover intestinal homeostasis for targeted colitis therapy","volume":"380","author":"Pan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Contr. Release"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2024.09.015","article-title":"Colon-specific controlled release of oral liposomes for enhanced chemo-immunotherapy against colorectal cancer","volume":"14","author":"Niu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01517-3","article-title":"Nanotechnology for research and treatment of the intestine","volume":"20","author":"Fei","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/sstr.202400029","article-title":"Stimuli\u2010responsive new horizons for biomedical applications: metal\u2013organic framework\u2010based nanozymes","volume":"5","author":"Yan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Small Struct."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mba2.70017","article-title":"Emerging trends in injectable stimuli\u2010responsive hydrogel microspheres: design strategies and therapeutic innovations","volume":"4","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"MedComm\u2013Biomaterials and Applications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib113","article-title":"Polysaccharide-based live hydrogels for probiotic intestinal and wound therapy","author":"Xu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202309972","article-title":"A gas therapy strategy for intestinal flora regulation and colitis treatment by nanogel\u2010based multistage NO delivery microcapsules","volume":"36","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib115","first-page":"71","article-title":"An olsalazine nanoneedle-embedded inulin hydrogel reshapes intestinal homeostasis in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12193","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c02179","article-title":"Oral hydrogel microbeads-mediated in situ synthesis of selenoproteins for regulating intestinal immunity and microbiota","volume":"145","author":"Ouyang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202212566","article-title":"Hydrogel\u2010based artificial mucosa restores local immune and microbial homeostasis for treating ulcerative colitis","volume":"33","author":"Wen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib118","article-title":"Colon\u2010targeted adhesive hydrogel microsphere for regulation of gut immunity and flora","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib119","first-page":"305","article-title":"Micro-ecology restoration of colonic inflammation by in-Situ oral delivery of antibody-laden hydrogel microcapsules","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202207418","article-title":"Oral delivery of bioactive glass\u2010loaded core\u2013shell hydrogel microspheres for effective treatment of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"10","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/agt2.515","article-title":"Payload\u2010free protein nanoparticles target inflamed colons to restore intestinal barrier integrity for effectively treating inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"5","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aggregate"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5389","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S470520","article-title":"Restore intestinal barrier integrity: an approach for inflammatory bowel disease therapy","author":"Kong","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.3c00227","article-title":"Calcium tungstate microgel enhances the delivery and colonization of probiotics during colitis via intestinal ecological niche occupancy","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Cent. Sci."},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ado8222","article-title":"Artificial mucus layer formed in response to ROS for the oral treatment of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ado6798","article-title":"Oral microsphere formulation of M2 macrophage-mimetic Janus nanomotor for targeted therapy of ulcerative colitis","volume":"10","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2024.109956","article-title":"A pH-sensitive W\/O\/W emulsion-bound carboxymethyl chitosan-alginate hydrogel bead system through the Maillard reaction for probiotics intestine-targeted delivery","volume":"153","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2023.120887","article-title":"Oral delivery of porous starch-loaded bilayer microgels for controlled drug delivery and treatment of ulcerative colitis","volume":"314","author":"Wen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2024.06.021","article-title":"Hydrogel-forming viscous liquid in response to ROS restores the gut mucosal barrier of colitis mice via regulating oxidative redox homeostasis","volume":"184","author":"Shangguan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.34133\/research.0364","article-title":"Orally administrated hydrogel harnessing intratumoral microbiome and microbiota-related immune responses for potentiated colorectal cancer treatment","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5253","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b08499","article-title":"Silencing of intestinal glycoprotein CD98 by orally targeted nanoparticles enhances chemosensitization of colon cancer","volume":"12","author":"Xiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-021-00749-2","article-title":"Generation of systemic antitumour immunity via the in situ modulation of the gut microbiome by an orally administered inulin gel","volume":"5","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2024.123810","article-title":"Oral probiotics microgel plus Galunisertib reduced TGF-\u03b2 blockade resistance and enhanced anti-tumor immune responses in colorectal cancer","volume":"652","author":"Niu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.137340","article-title":"Regulation of gut microbiome with redox responsible bacterial cellulose hydrogel for precision chemo-radiotherapy of intestinal cancer","volume":"446","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2024.124225","article-title":"Oral quercetin nanoparticles in hydrogel microspheres alleviate high-altitude sleep disturbance based on the gut-brain axis","volume":"658","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13071105","article-title":"Fabrication of the rapid self-assembly hydrogels loaded with luteolin: their structural characteristics and protection effect on ulcerative colitis","volume":"13","author":"Bi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3597","DOI":"10.1039\/D2BM00366J","article-title":"Flavonoid\u2013amyloid fibril hybrid hydrogels for obesity control via the construction of gut microbiota","volume":"10","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.133855","article-title":"Redox-sensitive hydrogel based on hyaluronic acid with selenocystamine cross-linking for the delivery of Limosilactobacillus reuteri in a DSS-induced colitis mouse model","volume":"276","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36967","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c11959","article-title":"Encapsulation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus in hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel for pathogen-targeted delivery to ameliorate enteritis","volume":"12","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib139","article-title":"Biomimetic superabsorbent hydrogel acts as a gut protective dynamic exoskeleton improving metabolic parameters and expanding A. muciniphila","volume":"4","author":"Silvestri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med."},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31214","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c04408","article-title":"Reductase-labile peptidic supramolecular hydrogels aided in oral delivery of probiotics","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fshw.2023.03.010","article-title":"Effect of sodium alginate-based hydrogel loaded with lutein on gut microbiota and inflammatory response in DSS-induced colitis mice","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Sci. Hum. Wellness"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0156-2","article-title":"Crohn's disease","volume":"6","author":"Roda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib143","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis (primer)","volume":"6","author":"Taku","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2023.05.007","article-title":"Wielding the double-edged sword: redox drug delivery systems for inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"358","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Contr. Release"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i1.91","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease: pathogenesis","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol.: WJG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2040622319899297","article-title":"Emerging treatments for inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"11","author":"Hazel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Chronic Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogoh.2020.101777","article-title":"Reproduction and pregnancy in inflammatory bowel disease-management and treatment based on current guidelines","volume":"50","author":"Szyma\u0144ska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and Human Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2023.08.007","article-title":"From the updated landscape of the emerging biologics for IBDs treatment to the new delivery systems","volume":"361","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Contr. Release"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s43556-025-00395-z","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel diseases: pathological mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Molecular Biomedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuac039","article-title":"Insights into diet-associated oxidative pathomechanisms in inflammatory bowel disease and protective effects of functional amino acids","volume":"81","author":"Ji","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-07149-z","article-title":"Akkermansia muciniphila: a microbial guardian against oxidative stress\u2013gut microbiota crosstalk and clinical prospects","volume":"23","author":"Ye","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib152","first-page":"768","article-title":"Treatment strategies in inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"120","author":"Stallmach","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dtsch. \u00c4rztebl. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2026.1793292","article-title":"Targeting the gut-immune-brain axis: pharmacological insights from depression in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"17","author":"Sim\u00f5es","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202500445","article-title":"Plant polyphenol\u2010based injectable hydrogels: advances and biomedical applications","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.3c00159","article-title":"In situ fabrication of robust polyphenolic hydrogels for skin protection and repair","volume":"35","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202405601","article-title":"Hydrogel derived from decellularized porcine small intestinal submucosa as a physical shielding repaired the gut epithelial barrier of murine ulcerative colitis","volume":"34","author":"Pan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2025.115603","article-title":"Advanced microbiome therapeutics for oral delivery of peptides and proteins: advances, challenges, and opportunities","volume":"222","author":"Gelli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib158","series-title":"Exploration","article-title":"Exploring the neuroprotective role of selenium: implications and perspectives for central nervous system disorders","author":"Huang","year":"2025"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2011.4145","article-title":"The role of selenium in inflammation and immunity: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities","volume":"16","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antioxidants Redox Signal."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s40779-022-00439-3","article-title":"Adhesive hydrogels in osteoarthritis: from design to application","volume":"10","author":"Duan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Milit. Med. Res."},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202316540","article-title":"Advances in bioadhesive hydrogels for musculoskeletal tissue application","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib162","article-title":"Engineered Janus hydrogels: biomimetic surface engineering and biomedical applications","volume":"11","author":"Pan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Natl. Sci. Rev."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4722","DOI":"10.1039\/D4TB02576H","article-title":"The design principle of natural polysaccharide hydrogels for promoting wound healing: a prospective review","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202403075","article-title":"Biomimetic supramolecular assembly with IGF\u20101C delivery ameliorates inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by restoring intestinal barrier integrity","volume":"11","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.11.065","article-title":"A ROS-responsive hydrogel that targets inflamed mucosa to relieve ulcerative colitis by reversing intestinal mucosal barrier loss","volume":"377","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Contr. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib166","first-page":"627","article-title":"Bioresponsive and transformable coacervate actuated by intestinal peristalsis for targeted treatment of intestinal bleeding and inflammation","volume":"41","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.155077","article-title":"Spatio-temporally controlled all-in-one hydrogel microspheres for ulcerative colitis treatment based on cocktail strategy","volume":"497","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01586-4","article-title":"Mechanisms of chemotherapeutic resistance and the application of targeted nanoparticles for enhanced chemotherapy in colorectal cancer","volume":"20","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16051029","article-title":"Recent advances in therapeutic strategies to improve colorectal cancer treatment","volume":"16","author":"Gmeiner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10248","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.5c00041","article-title":"Colorectal cancer at the crossroads: the good, the bad, and the future of platinum-based drugs","volume":"125","author":"Kee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70127","article-title":"Colorectal cancer: pathogenesis and targeted therapy","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.118325","article-title":"Dual-drug delivery system based on the hydrogels of alginate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose for colorectal cancer treatment","volume":"269","author":"Sheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2023.02.022","article-title":"A cascade-responsive nanoplatform with tumor cell-specific drug burst release for chemotherapy","volume":"162","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202206211","article-title":"Polysaccharide\u2010based stimulus\u2010responsive nanomedicines for combination cancer immunotherapy","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib175","article-title":"Design principles of oral nanomedicines to overcome the delivery barriers","author":"Yang","year":"2026","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib176","article-title":"Microfluidized dextran microgels loaded with cisplatin\/SPION lipid nanotherapeutics for local colon cancer treatment via oral administration","volume":"11","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1353787","article-title":"Involvement of tumor immune microenvironment metabolic reprogramming in colorectal cancer progression, immune escape, and response to immunotherapy","volume":"15","author":"Nicolini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-22-1837","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide creates a favorable immune microenvironment for colon cancer","volume":"83","author":"Yue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"4\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2021.0256","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide signaling in the tumor microenvironment: implications in cancer progression and therapy","volume":"40","author":"Machado-Neto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signaling"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2023.02.028","article-title":"Colon-targeted bacterial hydrogel for tumor vascular normalization and improved chemotherapy","volume":"356","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Contr. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155795","article-title":"PRM1201 effectively inhibits colorectal cancer metastasis via shaping gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids","volume":"132","author":"Jia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-025-02364-5","article-title":"Crosstalk between gut microbiotas and fatty acid metabolism in colorectal cancer","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.34133\/research.0364","article-title":"Orally administrated hydrogel harnessing intratumoral microbiome and microbiota-related immune responses for potentiated colorectal cancer treatment","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Research"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202511828","article-title":"Biopolymer hydrogels for adaptive remodeling of the tumor microenvironment to improve cancer immunotherapy","volume":"36","author":"Feng","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17403","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c06148","article-title":"Regulatory potential of food-derived bioactive peptides on gut microbiota: a new perspective against immune-mediated inflammatory diseases","volume":"73","author":"Dong","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-024-01108-6","article-title":"Feeding gut microbes to nourish the brain: unravelling the diet\u2013microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis","volume":"6","author":"Schneider","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2025.107147","article-title":"The effects of probiotics and exercise on preventing neurodegenerative diseases associated with circadian rhythm disruption: focus on gut-brain axis","author":"Gong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Biosci."},{"issue":"29","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10772","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2023.2228409","article-title":"Gut microbiota: candidates for a novel strategy for ameliorating sleep disorders","volume":"64","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2024.101928","article-title":"Effects of acute exposure to hypoxia on sleep structure in healthy adults: a systematic review","volume":"75","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep Med. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.4103\/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-23-00036","article-title":"Ozone rectal insufflation mitigates chronic rapid eye movement sleep deprivation-induced cognitive impairment through inflammation alleviation and gut microbiota regulation in mice","volume":"14","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Gas Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16030390","article-title":"The microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis in metabolic syndrome and sleep disorders: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Dos Santos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2023.10.014","article-title":"Stressed to the core: inflammation and intestinal permeability link stress-related gut microbiota shifts to mental health outcomes","volume":"95","author":"Madison","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.70099","article-title":"Microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis in health and neurological disease: interactions between gut microbiota and the nervous system","volume":"28","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202312275","article-title":"Microalgae\u2010based hydrogel for inflammatory bowel disease and its associated anxiety and depression","volume":"36","author":"Zhong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2015.128","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids in control of body weight and insulin sensitivity","volume":"11","author":"Canfora","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2852","article-title":"The gut microbiota suppresses insulin-mediated fat accumulation via the short-chain fatty acid receptor GPR43","volume":"4","author":"Kimura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.853409","article-title":"The mechanism of lipopolysaccharide escaping the intestinal barrier in Megalobrama amblycephala fed a high-fat diet","volume":"9","author":"Dai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.70383","article-title":"Advances in dietary modulation of the intestinal barrier: mechanistic, structural, and functional insights","volume":"25","author":"Zang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.140846","article-title":"\u03b2-Glucan-based superabsorbent hydrogel ameliorates obesity-associated metabolic disorders via delaying gastric emptying, improving intestinal barrier function, and modulating gut microbiota","volume":"304","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1002\/osp4.574","article-title":"Recent advances in therapies utilizing superabsorbent hydrogel technology for weight management: a review","volume":"8","author":"Aronne","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obesity Science & Practice"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo16040259","article-title":"A dual-target microbial therapeutic strategy for treating metabolic diseases: complementary mechanisms and clinical prospects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Akkermansia muciniphila","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70458","article-title":"The gut\u2012liver axis in liver disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14161","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c04897","article-title":"Bioinspired pH-responsive microalgal hydrogels for oral insulin delivery with both hypoglycemic and insulin sensitizing effects","volume":"17","author":"Ren","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5461","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.1c13426","article-title":"Acid-resistant and physiological pH-responsive DNA hydrogel composed of A-motif and i-motif toward oral insulin delivery","volume":"144","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7446","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.4c01093","article-title":"Intestinal-target and glucose-responsive smart hydrogel toward oral delivery system of drug with improved insulin utilization","volume":"25","author":"Ying","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2017.01.016","article-title":"pH-sensitive peptide hydrogel for glucose-responsive insulin delivery","volume":"51","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12071314","article-title":"Lactobacillus sp. facilitate the repair of DNA damage caused by bile-induced reactive oxygen species in experimental models of gastroesophageal reflux disease","volume":"12","author":"Bernard","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib208","article-title":"Oral administration of bacillus spores for mitigation of radiation-induced intestinal injury by regulating gut microbiota","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3450","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izaf225","article-title":"Intestinal barrier dysfunction in inflammatory bowel disease: pathophysiology to precision therapeutics","volume":"31","author":"Selvakumar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-024-01220-w","article-title":"The role of goblet cells in Crohn's disease","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Biosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1177\/08853282251366027","article-title":"Engineered hydrogels for gastrointestinal therapeutics: preclinical breakthroughs and clinical translation barriers","volume":"40","author":"Xu","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib212","article-title":"Dynamic regulation of interfacial adhesion in biomedical hydrogels","author":"Sun","year":"2026","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib213","article-title":"Fucoidan-based hydrogel with ultrafast self-healing properties for enhanced probiotic delivery to alleviate colitis and microbiota dysbiosis in mice","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2024.07.028","article-title":"Engineered probiotic ameliorates ulcerative colitis by restoring gut microbiota and redox homeostasis","volume":"32","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3484","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15153484","article-title":"The effects of cellular membrane damage on the long-term storage and adhesion of probiotic bacteria in Caco-2 cell line","volume":"15","author":"Kiep\u015b","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31619","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c08999","article-title":"Dual-targeting mn@ CeO2 nanozyme-modified probiotic hydrogel microspheres reshape gut homeostasis in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"19","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjad178","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases in intestinal fibrosis","volume":"18","author":"Biel","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Crohns Colitis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12974","article-title":"Novel mechanisms and clinical trial endpoints in intestinal fibrosis","volume":"302","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4965","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-025-01906-8","article-title":"Ajazuddin, recent advances in the therapeutics and modes of action of a range of agents used to treat ulcerative colitis and related inflammatory conditions","volume":"33","author":"Patel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adz9069","article-title":"Bacteriocin-transport\u2013inspired oral peptide-probiotic delivery ameliorates IBD complications via autophagy and gut homeostasis","volume":"12","author":"Yu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.20892\/j.issn.2095-3941.2026.0133","article-title":"Probiotics in colorectal cancer: mechanisms, biomarkers, and adjunct strategies","author":"Xu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000002955","article-title":"Probiotics intervention in colorectal cancer: from traditional approaches to novel strategies","volume":"137","author":"Ha","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib223","article-title":"Improved prebiotic-based \u201cshield\u201d equipped probiotics for enhanced colon cancer therapy by polarizing M1 macrophages and regulating intestinal microbiota","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-022-01356-2","article-title":"Estrogen receptor \u03b2 deficiency impairs gut microbiota: a possible mechanism of IBD-induced anxiety-like behavior","volume":"10","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-023-00462-9","article-title":"Periodontitis salivary microbiota exacerbates colitis-induced anxiety-like behavior via gut microbiota","volume":"9","author":"Qian","year":"2023","journal-title":"npj Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.712338","article-title":"Intestinal barrier dysfunction exacerbates neuroinflammation via the TLR4 pathway in mice with heart failure","volume":"12","author":"Huo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-019-0713-7","article-title":"Dietary fructose-induced gut dysbiosis promotes mouse hippocampal neuroinflammation: a benefit of short-chain fatty acids","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib228","article-title":"A synergistic hydrogel\u2010microalgae platform for dual\u2010targeting of intestinal and neuroimmune dysfunction in inflammatory bowel disease","author":"Lu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3289","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.103983","article-title":"Engineered probiotic-based biomaterials for inflammatory bowel disease treatment","volume":"15","author":"Sang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2025.123163","article-title":"Inflammation-targeted delivery of probiotics for alleviation of colitis and associated cognitive disorders through improved vitality and colonization","volume":"318","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.113769","article-title":"A \u201cJanus\u201d structured nanoclay microgel system for targeted probiotic therapy in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"383","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Contr. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.128777","article-title":"Enhance the resistance of probiotics by microencapsulation and biofilm construction based on rhamnogalacturonan I rich pectin","volume":"258","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib233","first-page":"1","article-title":"Enhancing the adhesion\/colonization efficacy of probiotics by polysaccharide surface decoration for remission from ulcerative colitis","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7060","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-62349-x","article-title":"A multicellular self-organized probiotic platform for oral delivery enhances intestinal colonization","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00871-3","article-title":"Neutrophils: from IBD to the gut microbiota","volume":"21","author":"Danne","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0258-z","article-title":"Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key actors in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"17","author":"Lavelle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02217-7","article-title":"Gut microbial metabolism of 5-ASA diminishes its clinical efficacy in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"29","author":"Mehta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7135","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42788-0","article-title":"Microbiome and metabolome features in inflammatory bowel disease via multi-omics integration analyses across cohorts","volume":"14","author":"Ning","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.35.3.353","article-title":"Thickness of adherent mucus gel on colonic mucosa in humans and its relevance to colitis","volume":"35","author":"Pullan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"7746","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-0992-y","article-title":"Colonic epithelial cell diversity in health and inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"567","author":"Parikh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.08.067","article-title":"Structural remodeling of the human colonic mesenchyme in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"175","author":"Kinchen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2467235","article-title":"Microbiota-derived IPA alleviates intestinal mucosal inflammation through upregulating Th1\/Th17 cell apoptosis in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"17","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2013.178","article-title":"Functional genomic analyses of the gut microbiota for CRC screening","volume":"10","author":"Konstantinov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4925","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-020-1341-1","article-title":"Gut microbiota modulation: a novel strategy for prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer","volume":"39","author":"Fong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1032806","article-title":"A review on the role of fatty acids in colorectal cancer progression","volume":"13","author":"Hoxha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib246","article-title":"Lipid metabolic reprogramming in colorectal cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2021.11.027","article-title":"Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids and colorectal cancer: ready for clinical translation?","volume":"526","author":"Hou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/burnst\/tkae057","article-title":"Multi-omics perspective: mechanisms of gastrointestinal injury repair","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Burns Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01208-5","article-title":"Altered gut metabolites and microbiota interactions are implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis and can be non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers","volume":"10","author":"Coker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"7122","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05414","article-title":"An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest","volume":"444","author":"Turnbaugh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-99047-z","article-title":"Fecal transplantation from humans with obesity to mice drives a selective microbial signature without impacting behavioral and metabolic health","volume":"15","author":"Neyrinck","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.010132","article-title":"Energy-balance studies reveal associations between gut microbes, caloric load, and nutrient absorption in humans","volume":"94","author":"Jumpertz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2024.06.012","article-title":"Obesity-enriched gut microbe degrades myo-inositol and promotes lipid absorption","volume":"32","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6356","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33656-4","article-title":"Functional and metabolic alterations of gut microbiota in children with new-onset type 1 diabetes","volume":"13","author":"Yuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib255","first-page":"1","article-title":"Microbiome\u2013metabolome dynamics associated with impaired glucose control and responses to lifestyle changes","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00805-x","article-title":"Bile acids and the gut microbiota: metabolic interactions and impacts on disease","volume":"21","author":"Collins","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2474143","article-title":"Prediabetes and type 2 diabetes but not obesity are associated with alterations in bile acid related gut microbe-microbe and gut microbe-host community metabolism","volume":"17","author":"Schlicht","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-024-01068-x","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide produced by the gut microbiota impairs host metabolism via reducing GLP-1 levels in male mice","volume":"6","author":"Qi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.13374","article-title":"Irritable bowel syndrome: when food is a pain in the gut","volume":"326","author":"Hussein","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-04898-1","article-title":"The gut microbiota participates in the effect of linaclotide in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C): a multicenter, prospective, pre-post study","volume":"22","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib261","article-title":"A Low-FODMAP diet enhances IBS symptom relief and gut microbiota homeostasis: a meta-analysis","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Biosci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(24)02096-1","article-title":"Su1241 EVALUATION OF THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF A PRODUCT CONTAINING GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA) IN POSTINFLAMMATORY IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME: a preclinical study","volume":"166","author":"Benvenuti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae413","article-title":"From bugs to brain: unravelling the GABA signalling networks in the brain\u2013gut\u2013microbiome axis","volume":"148","author":"Belelli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.034","article-title":"Enterochromaffin cells are gut chemosensors that couple to sensory neural pathways","volume":"170","author":"Bellono","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(24)00245-0","article-title":"Personalisation of therapy in irritable bowel syndrome: a hypothesis","volume":"9","author":"Black","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-022-00662-2","article-title":"Genetics of irritable bowel syndrome: shifting gear via biobank-scale studies","volume":"19","author":"Camilleri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2223345","article-title":"Gut microbiota changes associated with Clostridioides difficile infection and its various treatment strategies","volume":"15","author":"Gonzales-Luna","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7416","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51062-w","article-title":"Elucidating human gut microbiota interactions that robustly inhibit diverse Clostridioides difficile strains across different nutrient landscapes","volume":"15","author":"Sulaiman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2015.220","article-title":"A comprehensive assessment across the healthcare continuum: risk of hospital-associated Clostridium difficile infection due to outpatient and inpatient antibiotic exposure","volume":"36","author":"Tartof","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3114","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4114","article-title":"Antibiotic-induced shifts in the mouse gut microbiome and metabolome increase susceptibility to Clostridium difficile infection","volume":"5","author":"Theriot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"7533","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13828","article-title":"Precision microbiome reconstitution restores bile acid mediated resistance to Clostridium difficile","volume":"517","author":"Buffie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1810531","article-title":"Understanding the mechanisms of efficacy of fecal microbiota transplant in treating recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection and beyond: the contribution of gut microbial-derived metabolites","volume":"12","author":"Martinez-Gili","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2505269","article-title":"Metagenomic analysis reveals distinct patterns of gut microbiota features with diversified functions in C. difficile infection (CDI), asymptomatic carriage and non-CDI diarrhea","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2590","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16224-6","article-title":"A quantitative sequencing framework for absolute abundance measurements of mucosal and lumenal microbial communities","volume":"11","author":"Barlow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.12.008","article-title":"Establishment and characterization of stable, diverse, fecal-derived in vitro microbial communities that model the intestinal microbiota","volume":"30","author":"Aranda-D\u00edaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2005.04.008","article-title":"Commensal gut bacteria: mechanisms of immune modulation","volume":"26","author":"Kelly","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.06.019","article-title":"Gut-microbiota-targeted diets modulate human immune status","volume":"184","author":"Wastyk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.03.008","article-title":"GPCR-mediated signaling of metabolites","volume":"25","author":"Husted","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2023.2297811","article-title":"The health benefits of dietary short-chain fatty acids in metabolic diseases","volume":"65","author":"Tao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1322269111","article-title":"The microbial metabolite butyrate regulates intestinal macrophage function via histone deacetylase inhibition","volume":"111","author":"Chang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-024-00914-3","article-title":"The changing metabolic landscape of bile acids\u2013keys to metabolism and immune regulation","volume":"21","author":"Mohanty","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib282","article-title":"Microbiota-produced immune regulatory bile acid metabolites control central nervous system autoimmunity","volume":"6","author":"Cencicchio","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-024-02164-y","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic significance of tryptophan metabolism and signaling in cancer","volume":"23","author":"Yan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/imt2.70007","article-title":"Gut microbiota\u2010derived tryptophan metabolites improve total parenteral nutrition\u2010associated infections by regulating group 3 innate lymphoid cells","volume":"4","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"iMeta"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2850","article-title":"The immune system and the gut microbiota: friends or foes?","volume":"10","author":"Cerf-Bensussan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.02.016","article-title":"Innate lymphoid cell-epithelial cell modules sustain intestinal homeostasis","volume":"52","author":"Diefenbach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-022-00675-x","article-title":"The role of goblet cells and mucus in intestinal homeostasis","volume":"19","author":"Gustafsson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib288","series-title":"Seminars in Immunopathology","first-page":"1","article-title":"Paneth cells as orchestrators of epithelial barrier defense and emerging therapeutic targets in inflammatory bowel disease","author":"Erkert","year":"2026"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2456592","article-title":"Interkingdom signaling between gastrointestinal hormones and the gut microbiome","volume":"17","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adu4172","article-title":"MAIT cell homing in intestinal homeostasis and inflammation","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.03.004","article-title":"Decoding toll-like receptors: recent insights and perspectives in innate immunity","volume":"57","author":"Kawai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2025.05.005","article-title":"Toll-like receptors in B cells and obesity","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2023.10.008","article-title":"Roles of diet-associated gut microbial metabolites on brain health: cell-to-cell interactions between gut bacteria and the central nervous system","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-024-01541-w","article-title":"Critical role of the gut microbiota in immune responses and cancer immunotherapy","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2024.107184","article-title":"Metabolic regulation of the Th17\/Treg balance in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"203","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0261-4","article-title":"Epithelial Toll-like receptors and their role in gut homeostasis and disease","volume":"17","author":"Burgue\u00f1o","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-02050-5","article-title":"Tissue-resident immune cells: from defining characteristics to roles in diseases","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Targeted Ther."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.05.036","article-title":"Inflammatory adaptation in barrier tissues","volume":"184","author":"Niec","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2387800","article-title":"Microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis: interplay between microbiota, barrier function and lymphatic system","volume":"16","author":"Zhuang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-024-01048-8","article-title":"The gut\u2013airway microbiome axis in health and respiratory diseases","volume":"22","author":"\u00d6z\u00e7am","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2024.107483","article-title":"Targeting gut microbiota as a therapeutic target in T2DM: a review of multi-target interactions of probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and synbiotics with the intestinal barrier","volume":"210","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-024-01014-8","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids: linking diet, the microbiome and immunity","volume":"24","author":"Mann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib303","series-title":"Seminars in Immunopathology","first-page":"23","article-title":"Microbiota-dependent modulation of intestinal anti-inflammatory CD4+ T cell responses","author":"Edwards","year":"2025"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.776","article-title":"Metabolic regulation of intestinal homeostasis: molecular and cellular mechanisms and diseases","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-01857-7","article-title":"Plasticity of Paneth cells and their ability to regulate intestinal stem cells","volume":"11","author":"Mei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8020135","article-title":"Intestinal mucosal mast cells: key modulators of barrier function and homeostasis","volume":"8","author":"Albert-Bayo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib307","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2012.125","article-title":"Intestinal stromal cells in mucosal immunity and homeostasis","volume":"6","author":"Owens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib308","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1159\/000475729","article-title":"Development and anatomy of the enteroendocrine system in humans","volume":"32","author":"Posovszky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr. Dev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03595-5","article-title":"An adeno-associated virus gene therapy strategy for anti-obesity treatment by nanocarrier-based delivery systems","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"issue":"7804","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2166-3","article-title":"Paracrine orchestration of intestinal tumorigenesis by a mesenchymal niche","volume":"580","author":"Roulis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.13332","article-title":"Research progress on intestinal tissue\u2010resident memory T cells in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"98","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib312","article-title":"B\u2010cell activation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)","volume":"21","author":"\u00d6hman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuro Gastroenterol. Motil."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib313","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.03937.x","article-title":"Duodenal mastocytosis, eosinophilia and intraepithelial lymphocytosis as possible disease markers in the irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia","volume":"29","author":"Walker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol. Therapeut."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20141388","article-title":"Small intestinal eosinophils regulate Th17 cells by producing IL-1 receptor antagonist","volume":"213","author":"Sugawara","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib315","article-title":"Intestinal immunomodulatory cells (T lymphocytes): a bridge between gut microbiota and diabetes","volume":"2018","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02492-0","article-title":"Microglia in depression: an overview of microglia in the pathogenesis and treatment of depression","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.07.029","article-title":"Dysregulation of ILC3s unleashes progression and immunotherapy resistance in colon cancer","volume":"184","author":"Goc","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110757","article-title":"IL-17A functions and the therapeutic use of IL-17A and IL-17RA targeted antibodies for cancer treatment","volume":"123","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12192","article-title":"Macrophages in intestinal homeostasis and inflammation","volume":"260","author":"Bain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01553","article-title":"Probiotic strain Lactobacillus casei BL23 prevents colitis-associated colorectal cancer","volume":"8","author":"Jacouton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-326789","article-title":"Gut microbiome and health: mechanistic insights","volume":"71","author":"De Vos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib322","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4059","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-023-01429-2","article-title":"Research progress on the immune-inflammatory mechanisms of posttraumatic epilepsy","volume":"43","author":"Dang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib323","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-025-00825-x","article-title":"Role of gut microbiome in depression","volume":"27","author":"Beslin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Treat. Options Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib324","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00979","article-title":"Bifidobacteria and butyrate-producing colon bacteria: importance and strategies for their stimulation in the human gut","volume":"7","author":"Rivi\u00e8re","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104569","article-title":"Gut microbiota-derived metabolites and colorectal cancer: new insights and updates","volume":"149","author":"Mohseni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9785","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-65498-1","article-title":"In situ gut microbiota editing: enhancing therapeutic efficacy for bacterial colitis by compatible oral hydrogel microspheres with phages","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib327","article-title":"Dual\u2010layer living hydrogel enables on\u2010demand delivery of phages and probiotics for synergistic wound infection therapy","author":"Tao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib328","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.3390\/gels11120986","article-title":"Strategies for regulating the release kinetics of bioactive compounds from biopolymeric hydrogels","volume":"11","author":"Rahman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gels"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib329","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2025.102249","article-title":"Stimuli-responsive nanomaterials for targeted drug delivery in inflammatory bowel disease: advances and emerging directions","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Matter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357_bib330","series-title":"Exploration","article-title":"Gut microbiota\u2010associated metabolites affected the susceptibility to heart health abnormality in young migrants at high\u2010altitude: gut microbiota and associated metabolites impart heart health in Plateau","author":"Zhou","year":"2025"}],"container-title":["Materials Today Bio"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590006426006022?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590006426006022?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:03:00Z","timestamp":1787025780000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2590006426006022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":330,"alternative-id":["S2590006426006022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357","relation":{},"ISSN":["2590-0064"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2590-0064","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Oral hydrogel systems in lower gastrointestinal disorders: From disease-based therapy to microbiota-guided design","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Materials Today Bio","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mtbio.2026.103357","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103357"}}