{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T09:19:04Z","timestamp":1783415944293,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008331","name":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008331","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["mucosalimmunology.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mucosal Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T23:08:47Z","timestamp":1711667327000},"page":"565-583","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein triggers gut impairment since mucosal barrier to innermost layers: From basic science to clinical relevance"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5105-8542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata R.","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristhyane C.","family":"Aquino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 K.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8758-6662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kalinne L.","family":"Gadelha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6026-0969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aurilene G.","family":"Cajado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7136-2071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina S.","family":"Schiebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7229-0148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah A","family":"Dooley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo A.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jefferson A.","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7234-3382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jand R.","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9073-5750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro C.","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Maria-Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0822-8440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo B.","family":"Gois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7033-655X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"C. P. Lima-Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deysi","family":"V. T. Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aldo M.","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9108-3240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy C.","family":"Engevik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9904-2168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas D.","family":"Nicolau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2120-411X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana L.","family":"Vale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4579","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i31.4579","article-title":"COVID-19 pandemic: pathophysiology and manifestations from the gastrointestinal tract","volume":"26","author":"Galanopoulos","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3208","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v27.i23.3208","article-title":"COVID-19-associated diarrhea","volume":"27","author":"Megyeri","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15047","article-title":"Covid-19 and the digestive system","volume":"35","author":"Wong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-021-02212-0","article-title":"Gut microbiome alterations and gut barrier dysfunction are associated with host immune homeostasis in COVID-19 patients","volume":"20","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129190","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1129190","article-title":"Alterations in gut immunological barrier in SARS-CoV-2 infection and their prognostic potential","volume":"14","author":"Eleftheriotis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.09.002","article-title":"A possible role for Clostridium difficile in the etiology of calf enteritis","volume":"127","author":"Hammitt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7613.100392","article-title":"Antidiarrheal efficacy of a quinazolin CFTR inhibitor on human intestinal epithelial cell and in mouse model of cholera","volume":"44","author":"Patanayindee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201600891R","article-title":"Benzopyrimido-pyrrolo-oxazine-dione CFTR inhibitorI)-BPO-27 for antisecretory therapy of diarrheas caused by bacterial enterotoxins","volume":"31","author":"Cil","year":"2017","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"issue":"152\u2013163","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0045","first-page":"H2S","article-title":"H2S is a key antisecretory molecule against cholera toxin-induced diarrhoea in mice: evidence for non-involvement of the ac\/cAMP\/PKA pathway and AMPK","volume":"76","author":"Sousa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0050","first-page":"e146823","article-title":"Repurposing calcium-sensing receptor agonist Cinacalcet for treatment of CFTR-mediated secretory diarrheas","volume":"6","author":"Oak","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCI Insight."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1267","article-title":"A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus-induced lung injury","volume":"11","author":"Kuba","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0060","article-title":"Cytokine signature induced by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in a mouse model","volume":"11","author":"Gu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"RP86764","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.86764","article-title":"Murine alveolar Macrophages Rapidly Accumulate intranasally Administered SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein leading to neutrophil Recruitment and Damage","volume":"12","author":"Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.02.055","article-title":"Evidence for gastrointestinal infection of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"158","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.037","article-title":"The pathogenesis and treatment of the \u2018cytokine Storm\u2019 in COVID-19","volume":"80","author":"Ye","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2021.155428","article-title":"Interleukin-6, procalcitonin and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio: potential immune-inflammatory parameters to identify severe and fatal forms of COVID-19","volume":"141","author":"Sayah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.15698\/cst2020.04.216","article-title":"Coronavirus infections: epidemiological, clinical and immunological features and hypotheses","volume":"4","author":"Raoult","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2015.10.011","article-title":"TLR2 and TLR4 mediated host immune responses in major infectious diseases: a review","volume":"20","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Braz. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI11830","article-title":"nF-\u03baB: a key role in inflammatory diseases","volume":"107","author":"Tak","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e68563","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.68563","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces inflammation via TLR2-dependent activation of the nF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"10","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00587","article-title":"The Paneth cell: the curator and defender of the immature small intestine","volume":"11","author":"Lueschow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/852378","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor induces developmental stage-dependent structural changes in the immature small intestine","volume":"2014","author":"Brown","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3390\/v10050225","article-title":"Paneth cells during viral infection and pathogenesis","volume":"10","author":"Holly","year":"2018","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6143","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.9.6143-6146.2005","article-title":"Paneth cells and antibacterial host defense in neonatal small intestine","volume":"73","author":"Sherman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20858","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0808723105","article-title":"Paneth cells directly sense gut commensals and maintain homeostasis at the intestinal host-microbial interface","volume":"105","author":"Vaishnava","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal4677","article-title":"Paneth cells secrete lysozyme via secretory autophagy during bacterial infection of the intestine","volume":"357","author":"Bel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2017.1401425","article-title":"Secretory autophagy holds the key to lysozyme secretion during bacterial infection of the intestine","volume":"14","author":"Delorme-Axford","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12182","article-title":"The mucus and mucins of the goblet cells and enterocytes provide the first defense line of the gastrointestinal tract and interact with the immune system","volume":"260","author":"Pelaseyed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.03.039","article-title":"Homeostasis and function of goblet cells during rotavirus infection in mice","volume":"337","author":"Boshuizen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaau4255","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aau4255","article-title":"Type III interferon signaling restricts enterovirus 71 infection of goblet cells","volume":"5","author":"Good","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3171","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S318327","article-title":"Role of goblet cells in intestinal barrier and mucosal immunity","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2013.08.014","article-title":"Fluid and electrolyte secretion in the inflamed gut: novel targets for treatment of inflammation-induced diarrhea","volume":"13","author":"Gareau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.51362","article-title":"Biological characteristics of IL-6 and related intestinal diseases","volume":"17","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.12.039","article-title":"IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, AND iNOS is associated with decreased colonic contraction in rats with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome","volume":"178","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2020.596439","article-title":"Histological evidence for the enteric nervous system and the choroid plexus as alternative routes of neuroinvasion by SARS-CoV2","volume":"14","author":"Deffner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neuroanat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4377-1604-7.00142-1","article-title":"Approach to the patient with diarrhea and malabsorption","volume":"1","author":"Semrad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Goldman\u2019s Cecil Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.05.009","article-title":"IL-22 upregulates epithelial Claudin-2 to drive diarrhea and enteric pathogen clearance","volume":"21","author":"Tsai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphs.2022.04.010","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 induces barrier damage and inflammatory responses in the huMAN iPSC-derived intestinal epithelium","volume":"149","author":"Yamada","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2765","DOI":"10.2741\/3413","article-title":"Mechanism of cytokine modulation of epithelial tight junction barrier","volume":"14","author":"Al-Sadi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4641","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.7.4641","article-title":"IL-1\u03b2 causes an increase in intestinal epithelial tight junction permeability","volume":"178","author":"Al-Sadi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6893","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7302","article-title":"Cannabidiol inhibits SARS-Cov-2 spike (S) protein-induced cytotoxicity and inflammation through a PPAR\u03b3-dependent TLR4\/NLRP3\/Caspase-1 signaling suppression in Caco-2 cell line","volume":"35","author":"Corpetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.69.164","article-title":"A technique of measurement of gastrointestinal luminal nutrient sensing and these absorptions: Ussing chamber (short-circuit current) technique","volume":"69","author":"Karaki","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. (Tokyo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e10246","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 causes secretory diarrhea with an enterotoxin-like mechanism, which is reduced by diosmectite","volume":"8","author":"Poeta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0220","article-title":"SARS-COV-2 induced diarrhea is inflammatory, Ca2+ Dependent and involves activation of calcium activated Cl channels","author":"Donowitz","year":"2021","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4969","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v9.i19.4969","article-title":"Remarkable gastrointestinal and liver manifestations of COVID-19: a clinical and radiologic overview","volume":"9","author":"Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J. Clin. Cases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb2507","article-title":"Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation","volume":"367","author":"Wrapp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3668433","article-title":"An affordable anti-SARS-COV-2 spike protein Elisa test for early detection of IgG seroconversion suited for large-scale surveillance studies in low-income countries","author":"Alvim","year":"2020","journal-title":"SSRN J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2674","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002674","article-title":"Antidiarrheal efficacy and cellular mechanisms of a Thai Herbal remedy","volume":"8","author":"Tradtrantip","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V60.3.618.618","article-title":"Cellular and extracellular myeloperoxidase in pyogenic inflammation","volume":"60","author":"Bradley","year":"1982","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0250","first-page":"4557","article-title":"A guide to histomorphological evaluation of intestinal inflammation in mouse models","volume":"7","author":"Erben","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6298662","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6298662","article-title":"Protective effect of dietary polysaccharides from yellow passion fruit peel on DSS-induced colitis in mice","volume":"2022","author":"Bueno","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2016.03.015","article-title":"Kinetics of acute infection with Toxoplasma gondii and histopathological changes in the duodenum of rats","volume":"165","author":"Trevizan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1017\/S2040174422000514","article-title":"Perinatal and post-weaning exposure to a high-fat diet causes histomorphometric, neuroplastic, and histopathological changes in the rat ileum","volume":"14","author":"Cordeiro","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Dev. Orig. Health Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.07.120","article-title":"Insights of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis infection in golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) intestine","volume":"106","author":"Santos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2613.2012.00824.x","article-title":"Intraepithelial lymphocytes, goblet cells and VIP-IR submucosal neurons of jejunum rats infected with Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"93","author":"Sant\u2019Ana","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.120985","article-title":"Moderate intestinal immunopathology after acute oral infection with Toxoplasma gondii oocysts is associated with expressive levels of serotonin","volume":"309","author":"Casagrande","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0285","first-page":"1141","article-title":"Mathematical dose-response model for sodium cotransport with glucose and glutamine in the rabbit ileal mucosa","volume":"25","author":"Soares","year":"1992","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2018.00131","article-title":"Effect of hypoproteic and high-fat diets on hippocampal blood-brain barrier permeability and oxidative stress","volume":"5","author":"de Aquino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30526-2","article-title":"Rhamnogalacturonan, a chemically-defined polysaccharide, improves intestinal barrier function in DSS-induced colitis in mice and human Caco-2 cells","volume":"8","author":"Maria-Ferreira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2726","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21082726","article-title":"Dextran sodium sulfate-induced impairment of protein trafficking and alterations in membrane composition in intestinal Caco-2 cell line","volume":"21","author":"Toutounji","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."}],"container-title":["Mucosal Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1933021924000291?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1933021924000291?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T00:29:36Z","timestamp":1762561776000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1933021924000291"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1933021924000291"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1933-0219"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1933-0219","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein triggers gut impairment since mucosal barrier to innermost layers: From basic science to clinical relevance","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Mucosal Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mucimm.2024.03.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Society for Mucosal Immunology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}