{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T20:10:21Z","timestamp":1785528621818,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001792","name":"James Cook University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001792","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT2008715"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT2008715"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT2001262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT2001262"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["mucosalimmunology.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mucosal Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T20:51:13Z","timestamp":1748638273000},"page":"973-988","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Distal airway epithelial progenitors mediate TGF-\u03b2 release to drive lung CD8+ TRM induction following mucosal BCG vaccination"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Judith A.","family":"Blake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Seifert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Socorro","family":"Miranda-Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Ruscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul R.","family":"Giacomin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise L.","family":"Doolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Kupz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2013.04.006","article-title":"Tuberculosis vaccines: time to think about the next generation","volume":"25","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0010","series-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2024","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2017.06.007","article-title":"BCG - old workhorse, new skills","volume":"47","author":"Gengenbacher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(14)70033-5","article-title":"Progress in tuberculosis vaccine development and host-directed therapies\u2013a state of the art review","volume":"2","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit790","article-title":"Protection by BCG vaccine against tuberculosis: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"58","author":"Mangtani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta21390","article-title":"Observational study to estimate the changes in the effectiveness of bacillus calmette-guerin (BCG) vaccination with time since vaccination for preventing tuberculosis in the UK","volume":"21","author":"Mangtani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.03237.x","article-title":"Loss of RD1 contributed to the attenuation of the live tuberculosis vaccines Mycobacterium bovis BCG and Mycobacterium microti","volume":"46","author":"Pym","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16085","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms16085","article-title":"Reactogenicity to major tuberculosis antigens absent in BCG is linked to improved protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"8","author":"Aguilo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12420","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1635213100","article-title":"The primary mechanism of attenuation of bacillus Calmette-Guerin is a loss of secreted lytic function required for invasion of lung interstitial tissue","volume":"100","author":"Hsu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01686-16","article-title":"Mucosal BCG vaccination induces protective lung-resident memory T cell populations against Tuberculosis","volume":"7","author":"Perdomo","year":"2016","journal-title":"MBio"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaz1767","article-title":"A systematic approach to simultaneously evaluate safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of novel tuberculosis vaccination strategies","volume":"6","author":"Muruganandah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20848","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2003235117","article-title":"Mucosal delivery of ESX-1-expressing BCG strains provides superior immunity against tuberculosis in murine type 2 diabetes","volume":"117","author":"Sathkumara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-010-1006-y","article-title":"Maternal infection requiring hospitalization during pregnancy and autism spectrum disorders","volume":"40","author":"Atladottir","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2016.04.005","article-title":"Taking a toll on self-renewal: TLR-mediated innate immune signaling in stem cells","volume":"39","author":"Alvarado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.02.001","article-title":"Quiescent tissue stem cells evade immune surveillance","volume":"48","author":"Agudo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"7720","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0449-8","article-title":"Allergic inflammatory memory in human respiratory epithelial progenitor cells","volume":"560","author":"Ordovas-Montanes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.03.011","article-title":"Role of the microbiota in immunity and inflammation","volume":"157","author":"Belkaid","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.090456","article-title":"Wound healing and fibrosis in intestinal disease","volume":"56","author":"Rieder","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.10.001","article-title":"Distal airway stem cells yield alveoli in vitro and during lung regeneration following H1N1 influenza infection","volume":"147","author":"Kumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2017.0016","article-title":"Persistence in Temporary lung niches: a survival strategy of lung-resident memory CD8(+) T cells","volume":"30","author":"Takamura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Viral Immunol"},{"issue":"7536","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14112","article-title":"Lineage-negative progenitors mobilize to regenerate lung epithelium after major injury","volume":"517","author":"Vaughan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7695","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25786","article-title":"Regeneration of the lung alveolus by an evolutionarily conserved epithelial progenitor","volume":"555","author":"Zacharias","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-020-0602-4","article-title":"COVID-19 severity correlates with airway epithelium-immune cell interactions identified by single-cell analysis","volume":"38","author":"Chua","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0367-9","article-title":"Distinct stem\/progenitor cells proliferate to regenerate the trachea, intrapulmonary airways and alveoli in COVID-19 patients","volume":"30","author":"Fang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104351","article-title":"Fulminant lung fibrosis in non-resolvable COVID-19 requiring transplantation","volume":"86","author":"Jyothula","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.12931","article-title":"Single-cell analysis identified lung progenitor cells in COVID-19 patients","volume":"53","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Prolif"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3057","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20160938","article-title":"Specific niches for lung-resident memory CD8+ T cells at the site of tissue regeneration enable CD69-independent maintenance","volume":"213","author":"Takamura","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"7491","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12930","article-title":"Alveolar progenitor and stem cells in lung development, renewal and cancer","volume":"507","author":"Desai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6380","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam6603","article-title":"Single-cell wnt signaling niches maintain stemness of alveolar type 2 cells","volume":"359","author":"Nabhan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2016.09.010","article-title":"Rare SOX2(+) airway progenitor cells generate KRT5(+) cells that repopulate damaged Alveolar Parenchyma following influenza virus infection","volume":"7","author":"Ray","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2019.12.014","article-title":"Distinct airway epithelial stem cells Hide among Club cells but mobilize to promote Alveolar regeneration","author":"Kathiriya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3559","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17358-3","article-title":"Alveolar regeneration through a Krt8+ transitional stem cell state that persists in human lung fibrosis","volume":"11","author":"Strunz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005544","article-title":"Influenza virus infects epithelial stem\/progenitor cells of the distal lung: impact on Fgfr2b-driven epithelial repair","volume":"12","author":"Quantius","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01214","article-title":"Niches for the long-term maintenance of tissue-resident memory T cells","volume":"9","author":"Takamura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2020.06.020","article-title":"Inflammatory signals induce AT2 cell-derived damage-associated transient progenitors that mediate Alveolar regeneration","volume":"27","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-020-0542-8","article-title":"Persistence of a regeneration-associated, transitional alveolar epithelial cell state in pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"22","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00326-24","article-title":"Estradiol mediates greater germinal center responses to influenza vaccination in female than male mice","volume":"15","author":"Dhakal","year":"2024","journal-title":"MBio"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01839-22","article-title":"Greater breadth of vaccine-induced immunity in females than males is mediated by increased antibody diversity in germinal center B cells","volume":"13","author":"Ursin","year":"2022","journal-title":"MBio"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032125","article-title":"The role of alveolar epithelial cells in initiating and shaping pulmonary immune responses: communication between innate and adaptive immune systems","volume":"7","author":"Chuquimia","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2015-0128PS","article-title":"Alveolar development and disease","volume":"53","author":"Whitsett","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1186\/s13000-014-0221-9","article-title":"Different approaches for interpretation and reporting of immunohistochemistry analysis results in the bone tissue - a review","volume":"9","author":"Fedchenko","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0210","unstructured":"Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas - National Toxicology Program (Respiratory System). https:\/\/ntp.niehs.nih.gov\/atlas\/nnl\/respiratory-system, 2021, Accessed Date Accessed 2021 Accessed."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14010098","article-title":"The relationship between fine Particle matter (PM2.5) exposure and upper respiratory Tract diseases","volume":"14","author":"Zareba","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.20335","article-title":"A global double-fluorescent cre reporter mouse","volume":"45","author":"Muzumdar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genesis"},{"issue":"7536","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13903","article-title":"p63(+)Krt5(+) distal airway stem cells are essential for lung regeneration","volume":"517","author":"Zuo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens8040196","article-title":"Formation and maintenance of tissue resident memory CD8+ T cells after viral infection","volume":"8","author":"Topham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.949299","article-title":"T cell kinetics reveal expansion of distinct lung T cell subsets in acute versus in resolved influenza virus infection","volume":"13","author":"Eriksson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0584-x","article-title":"Environmental cues regulate epigenetic reprogramming of airway-resident memory CD8(+) T cells","volume":"21","author":"Hayward","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.3.1813","article-title":"Activated antigen-specific CD8+ T cells persist in the lungs following recovery from respiratory virus infections","volume":"166","author":"Hogan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aag2031","article-title":"Dynamics of influenza-induced lung-resident memory T cells underlie waning heterosubtypic immunity","volume":"2","author":"Slutter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0313180","article-title":"Lung-resident memory CD8 T cells (TRM) are indispensable for optimal cross-protection against pulmonary virus infection","volume":"95","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00815-z","article-title":"Unique properties of tissue-resident memory T cells in the lungs: implications for COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases","volume":"23","author":"Carbone","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00733","article-title":"Establishment and maintenance of conventional and circulation-driven lung-resident memory CD8(+) T cells following respiratory virus infections","volume":"10","author":"Takamura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2744","article-title":"The developmental pathway for CD103(+)CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells of skin","volume":"14","author":"Mackay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210495","article-title":"Comparative analysis reveals a role for TGF-beta in shaping the residency-related transcriptional signature in tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells","volume":"14","author":"Nath","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80545-0","article-title":"The integrin alpha v beta 6 binds and activates latent TGF beta 1: a mechanism for regulating pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis","volume":"96","author":"Munger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2855","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI57673","article-title":"Integrin alpha6beta4 identifies an adult distal lung epithelial population with regenerative potential in mice","volume":"121","author":"Chapman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L564","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00408.2021","article-title":"IRE1alpha drives lung epithelial progenitor dysfunction to establish a niche for pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"322","author":"Auyeung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00515","article-title":"Tissue-resident memory CD8(+) T cells: from phenotype to function","volume":"9","author":"Topham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200601-008AW","article-title":"Transforming growth factor beta: a central modulator of pulmonary and airway inflammation and fibrosis","volume":"3","author":"Sheppard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28274","article-title":"Integrin alphavbeta6 critically regulates hepatic progenitor cell function and promotes ductular reaction, fibrosis, and tumorigenesis","volume":"63","author":"Peng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a005017","article-title":"Cross talk among TGF-beta signaling pathways, integrins, and the extracellular matrix","volume":"3","author":"Munger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4866","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200402","article-title":"Antigen-independent differentiation and maintenance of effector-like resident memory T cells in tissues","volume":"188","author":"Casey","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.22.012703.104702","article-title":"Central memory and effector memory T cell subsets: function, generation, and maintenance","volume":"22","author":"Sallusto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005804","article-title":"An epithelial integrin regulates the amplitude of protective lung interferon responses against multiple respiratory pathogens","volume":"12","author":"Meliopoulos","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01646-18","article-title":"Absence of beta6 integrin reduces influenza disease severity in highly Susceptible obese mice","volume":"93","author":"Meliopoulos","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032712-095939","article-title":"The immune response in tuberculosis","volume":"31","author":"O'Garra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3230","article-title":"In search of a new paradigm for protective immunity to TB","volume":"12","author":"Nunes-Alves","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20241571","article-title":"Intravenous BCG-mediated protection against tuberculosis requires CD4+ T cells and CD8alpha+ lymphocytes","volume":"222","author":"Simonson","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3259","article-title":"The immunological life cycle of tuberculosis","volume":"12","author":"Ernst","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2012.04.008","article-title":"Protection versus pathology in tuberculosis: recent insights","volume":"24","author":"Cooper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2016.09.004","article-title":"Alternative BCG delivery strategies improve protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in non-human primates: protection associated with mycobacterial antigen-specific CD4 effector memory T-cell populations","volume":"101","author":"Sharpe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tuberculosis (Edinb)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0365","article-title":"Protective efficacy and Pulmonary immune response following subcutaneous and intranasal BCG Administration in Mice","volume":"115","author":"Uranga","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00143-9","article-title":"Safety of a controlled human infection model of tuberculosis with aerosolised, live-attenuated Mycobacterium bovis BCG versus intradermal BCG in BCG-naive adults in the UK: a dose-escalation, randomised, controlled, phase 1 trial","volume":"24","author":"Satti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00992","article-title":"Lung tissue resident memory T-cells in the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"10","author":"Ogongo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2017.49","article-title":"Tissue-resident memory T cells live off the fat of the land","volume":"27","author":"Stolley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.11.008","article-title":"T-box transcription factors combine with the cytokines TGF-beta and IL-15 to control tissue-resident memory T cell fate","volume":"43","author":"Mackay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a022293","article-title":"TGF-beta1 signaling and tissue fibrosis","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI27183","article-title":"Ligation of protease-activated receptor 1 enhances alpha(v)beta6 integrin-dependent TGF-beta activation and promotes acute lung injury","volume":"116","author":"Jenkins","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI11963","article-title":"TGF-beta is a critical mediator of acute lung injury","volume":"107","author":"Pittet","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.123637","article-title":"Single cell RNA sequencing identifies TGFbeta as a key regenerative cue following LPS-induced lung injury","volume":"5","author":"Riemondy","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.56.12.907","article-title":"Regulation of the effects of TGF-beta 1 by activation of latent TGF-beta 1 and differential expression of TGF-beta receptors (T beta R-I and T beta R-II) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"56","author":"Khalil","year":"2001","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201909-1726LE","article-title":"Ineffectual type 2-to-type 1 Alveolar epithelial cell differentiation in idiopathic Pulmonary fibrosis: persistence of the KRT8(hi) transitional state","volume":"201","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202004-1274OC","article-title":"Senescence of Alveolar type 2 cells drives progressive Pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"203","author":"Yao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0425","article-title":"Proximal immune-epithelial progenitor interactions drive chronic tissue sequelae post COVID-19","author":"Narasimhan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Res Sq"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-031621-024344","article-title":"After the storm: regeneration, repair, and reestablishment of homeostasis between the Alveolar epithelium and innate immune system following viral lung injury","volume":"18","author":"Planer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2020.09.006","article-title":"Basal-like progenitor cells: a review of dysplastic Alveolar regeneration and remodeling in lung repair","volume":"15","author":"de Mello","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu K, Zhang Y, Austin SR, Declue HY, Byers DE, Crouch EC et al. Lung remodeling regions in long-term Covid-19 feature basal epithelial cell reprogramming. medRxiv 2022.","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.09.17.22280043"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.01.015","article-title":"T cells in nonlymphoid tissues give rise to lymph-node-resident memory T cells","volume":"48","author":"Beura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20192197","article-title":"Retrograde migration supplies resident memory T cells to lung-draining LN after influenza infection","volume":"217","author":"Stolley","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0607-7","article-title":"Developmental plasticity allows outside-in immune responses by resident memory T cells","volume":"21","author":"Fonseca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-01004-1","article-title":"Discrete tissue microenvironments instruct diversity in resident memory T cell function and plasticity","volume":"22","author":"Christo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20200218","article-title":"Influenza infection fortifies local lymph nodes to promote lung-resident heterosubtypic immunity","volume":"218","author":"Paik","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007_b0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.01.003","article-title":"CD8(+) T cells orchestrate pDC-XCR1(+) dendritic cell spatial and functional cooperativity to optimize priming","volume":"46","author":"Brewitz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunity"}],"container-title":["Mucosal Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1933021925000546?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1933021925000546?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T00:29:41Z","timestamp":1762561781000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1933021925000546"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1933021925000546"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1933-0219"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1933-0219","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Distal airway epithelial progenitors mediate TGF-\u03b2 release to drive lung CD8+ TRM induction following mucosal BCG vaccination","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Mucosal Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mucimm.2025.05.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Society for Mucosal Immunology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}