{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T11:06:19Z","timestamp":1793271979413,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":272,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000691","name":"Academy of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","mucosalimmunology.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Mucosal Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T14:39:50Z","timestamp":1782052790000},"page":"100364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["From the gut to the lung: microbiota-associated metabolites as regulators of respiratory immunometabolism"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jun-Yan","family":"Xiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clifford C.","family":"Taggart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aoife M.","family":"Rodgers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201311-405PS","article-title":"The global burden of respiratory disease","volume":"11","author":"Ferkol","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-067878","article-title":"Diagnostic models predicting paediatric viral acute respiratory infections: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Rankin","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05362-3","article-title":"Disease burden and prognostic factors for clinical failure in elderly community acquired pneumonia patients","volume":"20","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075131","article-title":"Incidence of community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections and pneumonia among older adults in the United Kingdom: a population-based study","volume":"8","author":"Millett","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.105820","article-title":"Predicting global pneumonia mortality trends by age group: a modeling study","volume":"247","author":"Nerurkar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0030","article-title":"Vulnerability for respiratory infections in asthma patients: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09784-1","article-title":"Analysis of the epidemic characteristics of common respiratory pathogens infection in children in a 3a special hospital","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0040","series-title":"Emerging Viral Diseases: The One Health Connection: Workshop Summary","author":"Mack","year":"2015"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-025-04482-w","article-title":"Bacterial Pneumonia alters the respiratory microbiota and inflammatory profile via the lung microbiome-immune axis","volume":"82","author":"Ye","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jof12030163","article-title":"Dysbiosis of the gut\u2013lung axis and its immune correlates during pulmonary cryptococcus neoformans infection","volume":"12","author":"Fan","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.142","article-title":"Emerging pathogenic links between microbiota and the gut\u2013lung axis","volume":"15","author":"Budden","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00251-12","article-title":"Serial analysis of the gut and respiratory microbiome in cystic fibrosis in infancy: interaction between intestinal and respiratory tracts and impact of nutritional exposures","volume":"3","author":"Madan","year":"2012","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-017-0997-x","article-title":"16S rDNA analysis of the effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on pulmonary and intestinal flora","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"3 Biotech"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5683","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-09700-0","article-title":"Intestinal bacteria flora changes in patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with or without wheezing","volume":"12","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.1c00081","article-title":"Antibiotic therapy and the gut microbiome: investigating the effect of delivery route on gut pathogens","volume":"7","author":"Kelly","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-309728","article-title":"The gut microbiota plays a protective role in the host defence against pneumococcal pneumonia","volume":"65","author":"Schuijt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-025-04275-x","article-title":"Commensal bacteria antigen-mediated immune response enhances anti-tumor immunity","volume":"75","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1053\/rmed.2001.1409","article-title":"Increased prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in patients with bronchial asthma","volume":"97","author":"Roussos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-008-9080-z","article-title":"Increased risk of both ulcerative colitis and Crohn\u2019s disease in a population suffering from COPD","volume":"186","author":"Ekbom","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lung"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19701-0","article-title":"Disease-associated gut microbiome and metabolome changes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"11","author":"Bowerman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3444","article-title":"Gut microbiota metabolism of dietary fiber influences allergic airway disease and hematopoiesis","volume":"20","author":"Trompette","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-63611-y","article-title":"Effect of the gut microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolite indole-3-acetic acid in pneumonia","volume":"16","author":"Kullberg","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0115","article-title":"Microbiotaderived butyrate alleviates asthma via inhibiting Tfh13-mediated IgE production","volume":"10","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/6263447","article-title":"Dietary fiber-derived microbial butyrate suppresses ILC2-dependent airway inflammation in COPD","volume":"2024","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L480","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00296.2022","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids improve inflamm-aging and acute lunginjury in old mice","volume":"324","author":"Hildebrand","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.03.002","article-title":"Maternal diet modulates the infant microbiome and intestinal Flt3L necessary for dendritic cell development and immunity to respiratory infection","volume":"56","author":"Sikder","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.09.024","article-title":"Human gut microbiota and its metabolites impact immune responses in COVID-19 and its complications","volume":"164","author":"Nagata","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.857418","article-title":"Bypassing the gut\u2013lung axis via microbial metabolites: implications for chronic respiratory diseases","volume":"13","author":"Bulanda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1629005","article-title":"Respiratory diseases and the gut microbiota: an updated review","volume":"15","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2022_614","article-title":"Metabolomics of respiratory diseases","author":"Moitra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metabolomics Impact Health Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.05.063","article-title":"The path toward using microbial metabolites as therapies","volume":"44","author":"Descamps","year":"2019","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"5778","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1124234","article-title":"Metagenomic analysis of the human distal gut microbiome","volume":"312","author":"Gill","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5615","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1080029","article-title":"A genomic view of the human-bacteroides thetaiotaomicron symbiosis","volume":"299","author":"Xu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.09.004","article-title":"The gut microbiota at the service of immunometabolism","volume":"32","author":"Michaudel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7090338","article-title":"Microbiota, microbial metabolites, and barrier function in a patient with anorexia nervosa after fecal microbiota transplantation","volume":"7","author":"Prochazkova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"7402","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11234","volume":"486","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2018.11.020","article-title":"A four-strain probiotic exerts positive immunomodulatory effects by enhancing colonic butyrate production in vitro","volume":"555","author":"Moens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3909","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.15167","article-title":"Initial butyrate producers during infant gut microbiota development are endospore formers","volume":"22","author":"Appert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14509-4","article-title":"Metabolism of multiple glycosaminoglycans by bacteroides thetaiotaomicron is orchestrated by a versatile core genetic locus","volume":"11","author":"Ndeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2014.14","article-title":"Phylogenetic distribution of three pathways for propionate production within the human gut microbiota","volume":"8","author":"Reichardt","year":"2014","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0205","article-title":"Evolution of gut microbiota composition from birth to 24 weeks in the INFANTMET cohort","volume":"5","author":"Hill","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0210","first-page":"9351507","article-title":"Proteobacteria: a common factor in human diseases","volume":"2017","author":"Rizzatti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-019-0145-z","article-title":"Akkermansia muciniphila ameliorates the age-related decline in colonic mucus thickness and attenuates immune activation in accelerated aging Ercc1\u2212\/\u03947 mice","volume":"16","author":"van der Lugt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity Ageing"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.04.022","article-title":"Dietary fiber confers protection against flu by shaping Ly6c- patrolling monocyte hematopoiesis and CD8+ T cell metabolism","volume":"48","author":"Trompette","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"6350","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam5336","article-title":"The microbial metabolite desaminotyrosine protects from influenza through type I interferon","volume":"357","author":"Steed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6ra14","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3000322","article-title":"The effect of diet on the human gut microbiome: a metagenomic analysis in humanized gnotobiotic mice","volume":"1","author":"Turnbaugh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01904","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01904-21","article-title":"Effects of four antibiotics on the diversity of the intestinal microbiota","volume":"10","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectrum"},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202309471","article-title":"Gut dysbiosis drives inflammatory bowel disease through the CCL4L2-VSIR axis in glycogen storage disease","volume":"11","author":"Lan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-025-01318-6","article-title":"Multi-omic analysis reveals transkingdom gut dysbiosis in metabolic dysfunctionassociated steatotic liver disease","volume":"7","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2022.09.004","article-title":"Gut microbiome dysbiosis contributes to abdominal aortic aneurysm by promoting neutrophil extracellular trap formation","volume":"30","author":"Tian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7489","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8489","article-title":"Ganoderma lucidum reduces obesity in mice by modulating the composition of the gut microbiota","volume":"6","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02287-16","article-title":"Bacterial topography of the healthy human lower respiratory tract","volume":"8","author":"Dickson","year":"2017","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2022.2156254","article-title":"Diet and the gut-lung axis in cystic fibrosis\u2013direct and indirect links","volume":"15","author":"McKay","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2022.11.001","article-title":"Fungal microbiota dynamics and its geographic, age and gender variability in patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"29","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax-2023-220455","article-title":"Lower airway microbiota in COPD and healthy controls","volume":"79","author":"Tangedal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-026-03892-1","article-title":"Airway microbiome dysbiosis in severe pneumonia: metagenomic evidence of pathogen expansion and commensal depletion","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1320831","article-title":"Pathogen spectrum and microbiome in lower respiratory tract of patients with different pulmonary diseases based on metagenomic next-generation sequencing","volume":"14","author":"Hong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-019-0160-6","article-title":"Microbes, metabolites, and the gut\u2013lung axis","volume":"12","author":"Dang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202110-2241OC","article-title":"Lung microbiota and metabolites collectively associate with clinical outcomes in milder stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"206","author":"Madapoosi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13530","article-title":"Metabolomics in chronic lung diseases","volume":"25","author":"Nambiar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.3892\/wasj.2025.376","article-title":"Gut-lung axis microbiome: towards precision medicine in respiratory disorders","volume":"7","author":"Manoharan","year":"2025","journal-title":"World Acad Sci J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358597","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1358597","article-title":"Respiratory diseases and gut microbiota: relevance, pathogenesis, and treatment","volume":"15","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-025-03733-7","article-title":"Characterizing gut microbial dysbiosis and exploring the effect of prebiotic fiber supplementation in patients with COPD","volume":"64","author":"van Iersel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.02.013","article-title":"Gut dysbiosis during influenza contributes to pulmonary pneumococcal superinfection through altered short-chain fatty acid production","volume":"30","author":"Sencio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01588-9","article-title":"Gut microbiota-derived butyrate restores impaired regulatory T cells in patients with AChR myasthenia gravis via mTOR-mediated autophagy","volume":"22","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2023.05.005","article-title":"Butyrate regulates neutrophil homeostasis and impairs early antimicrobial activity in the lung","volume":"16","author":"Dang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901298","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01298-2019","article-title":"Human lipopolysaccharide models provide mechanistic and therapeutic insights into systemic and pulmonary inflammation","volume":"56","author":"Brooks","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0347857","article-title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation mitigates respiratory infection in rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia by modulating the NLRP3 inflammasome and mucosal immunity","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0375","first-page":"1","article-title":"Bacterial acetate metabolism and its influence on human epithelia","volume":"8","author":"Hosmer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerg Topics Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114763","article-title":"Short chain fatty acids, a possible treatment option for autoimmune diseases","volume":"163","author":"Golpour","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02427-0","article-title":"Acetate sensing by GPR43 alarms neutrophils and protects from severe sepsis","volume":"4","author":"Schlatterer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-019-0276-5","article-title":"Acetate attenuates inflammasome activation through GPR43-mediated Ca2+\u2212dependent NLRP3 ubiquitination","volume":"51","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14010029","article-title":"Expression and regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor signalling in acute lung inflammation","volume":"14","author":"Lotsios","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-024-05521-8","article-title":"Exogenous acetate attenuates inflammatory responses through HIF-1\u03b1\u2212dependent glycolysis regulation inmacrophage","volume":"82","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cellular Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05376-4","article-title":"Gut microbiota-derived acetate attenuates lung injury induced by influenza infection via protecting airway tight junctions","volume":"22","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s13068-024-02539-9","article-title":"Propionate production by Bacteroidia gut bacteria and its dependence on substrate concentrations differs among species","volume":"17","author":"D\u00f6ring","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biotechnol Biofuels Bioproducts"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-017-8616-7","article-title":"Propionibacterium spp.\u2013source of propionic acid, vitamin B12, and other metabolites important for the industry","volume":"102","author":"Piwowarek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2766","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.17287","article-title":"Propionic acid regulates immune tolerant properties in B cells","volume":"26","author":"Tian","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2606486","article-title":"Gut microbiome-derived propionate reprograms alveolar macrophages metabolically and regulates lung injury responses in mice","volume":"18","author":"Maruyama","year":"2026","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22010065","article-title":"Butyrate and propionate restore the cytokine and house dust mite compromised barrier function of human bronchial airway epithelial cells","volume":"22","author":"Richards","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.701626","article-title":"Propionic acid rescues high-fat diet enhanced immunopathology in autoimmunity via effects on Th17 responses","volume":"12","author":"Haase","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.70041","article-title":"Gut microbial metabolite butyrate regulates Treg\/Th17 cell balance to alleviate diabetic periodontitis","volume":"53","author":"Yang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.05.002","article-title":"Butyrate ameliorates allergic airway inflammation by limiting eosinophil trafficking and survival","volume":"144","author":"Theiler","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176219","article-title":"Sodium butyrate ameliorates sepsis-associated lung injury by enhancing gut and lung barrier function in combination with modulation of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells","volume":"963","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01151-3","article-title":"Lactate metabolism in human health and disease","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-024-03016-5","article-title":"Lactate activates ER stress to promote alveolar epithelial cells apoptosis in pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"25","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648303","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1648303","article-title":"Lactate attenuates PANoptosis and enhances ZBP-1 lactylation in macrophages in acute lung injury","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05289-2","article-title":"Lactate facilitated mitochondrial fission-derived ROS to promote pulmonary fibrosis via ERK\/DRP-1 signaling","volume":"22","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2190300","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2190300","article-title":"Succinate metabolism and its regulation of host-microbe interactions","volume":"15","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2025.103623","article-title":"Gut floraderived succinate exacerbates allergic airway inflammation by promoting protein succinylation","volume":"82","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L671","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00286.2024","article-title":"Succinate aggravates pulmonary fibrosis through the succinate\/SUCNR1 axis","volume":"328","author":"Rajesh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200840","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00840-2022","article-title":"Gut microbiota-derived succinate aggravates acute lung injury after intestinal ischaemia\/reperfusion in mice","volume":"61","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2025.03.008","article-title":"Fumarate integrates metabolism and immunity in diseases","volume":"36","author":"Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metabol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7050","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-62453-y","article-title":"Regulation of airway fumarate by host and pathogen promotes Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2023.06.004","article-title":"Tryptophan metabolism in health and disease","volume":"35","author":"Xue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-13-0770","article-title":"Circulating biomarkers of tryptophan and the kynurenine pathway and lung cancer risk","volume":"23","author":"Chuang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2025.117427","article-title":"The tryptophan metabolite indole 3-propionic acid alleviates lung ischemia\u2013reperfusion injury via prostaglandin reductase 2 in male mice","volume":"242","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-026-02348-2","article-title":"L-kynurenine reshapes immune microenvironment to alleviate methamphetamine-induced chronic lung injury through gut-lung axis","volume":"14","author":"Ma","year":"2026","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5303","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-021-03828-4","article-title":"Arginine-dependent immune responses","volume":"78","author":"Mart\u00ed i L\u00edndez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3541","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13143541","article-title":"Arginine signaling and cancer metabolism","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000202203.98420.A5","article-title":"L-arginine and pulmonary embolism","volume":"34","author":"Tanus-Santos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20253033","article-title":"Arginine promotes the activation of human lung fibroblasts independent of its metabolism","volume":"482","author":"Hamanaka","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5875","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-61047-y","article-title":"Arginine regulates the mucoid phenotype of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"16","author":"Ryan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10111564","article-title":"Glutamine: metabolism and immune function, supplementation and clinical translation","volume":"10","author":"Cruzat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15092211","article-title":"Short-chain fatty-acid-producing bacteria: key components of the human gut microbiota","volume":"15","author":"Fusco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R036012","article-title":"The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism","volume":"54","author":"Den Besten","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12051023","article-title":"The interplay of dietary fibers and intestinal microbiota affects type 2 diabetes by generating short-chain fatty acids","volume":"12","author":"Mazhar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4158","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-60984-6","article-title":"Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis GCL2505 modulates host energy metabolism via the short-chain fatty acid receptor GPR43","volume":"10","author":"Horiuchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2594","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02995-4","article-title":"Fiber-utilizing capacity varies in Prevotella- versus Bacteroides-dominated gut microbiota","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03558-22","article-title":"The commensal anaerobe Veillonella dispar reprograms its lactate metabolism and short-chain fatty acid production during the stationary phase","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-023-01219-9","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids in diseases","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2025.124280","article-title":"Acetate produced by the interaction between Houttuynia pectin and Phocaeicola vulgatus alleviated H1N1-induced acute lung injury in mice through the GPR43\/JAK2\/STAT3 pathway","volume":"369","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.115730","article-title":"Melatonin ameliorates bronchopulmonary dysplasia by modulating the NF-\u03baB pathway via the gut microbiota\u2013short-chain fatty acid axis","volume":"167","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-11-33","article-title":"Histone deacetylase inhibitor, butyrate, attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice","volume":"11","author":"Ni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00025","article-title":"The role of short-chain fatty acids from gut microbiota in gut-brain communication","volume":"11","author":"Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2014681118","article-title":"Butyrate enhances CPT1A activity to promote fatty acid oxidation and iTreg differentiation","volume":"118","author":"Hao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.06.002","article-title":"Microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids promote the memory potential of antigen-activated CD8+ T cells","volume":"51","author":"Bachem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.12.018","article-title":"The short chain fatty acid butyrate imprints an antimicrobial program in macrophages","volume":"50","author":"Schulthess","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1017\/cts.2018.342","article-title":"The effects of increased acetate turnover on glucose-induced insulin secretion in lean and obese humans","volume":"3","author":"Petersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2019.05.005","article-title":"Acetate metabolism in physiology, cancer, and beyond","volume":"29","author":"Bose","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0605","first-page":"88","article-title":"Propionate promotes gluconeogenesis by regulating mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in calf hepatocytes. Anim Nutr","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2023"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19950124","article-title":"Effect of propionate on fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis and on acetate metabolism in isolated rat hepatocytes","volume":"74","author":"Demign\u00e9","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaf280","article-title":"Propionate induces energy expenditure via browning in mesenteric adipose tissue","volume":"111","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2014-307913","article-title":"Effects of targeted delivery of propionate to the human colon on appetite regulation, body weight maintenance and adiposity in overweight adults","volume":"64","author":"Chambers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15010217","article-title":"Sodium propionate contributes to tumor cell growth inhibition through PPAR-\u03b3 signaling","volume":"15","author":"Filippone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0630","first-page":"1569","article-title":"Propionate of a microbiota metabolite induces cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in lung cancer","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(82)80339-9","article-title":"Utilization of nutrients by isolated epithelial cells of the rat colon","volume":"83","author":"Roediger","year":"1982","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0640","article-title":"Sodium butyrate ameliorates oxidative stress-induced intestinal epithelium barrier injury and mitochondrial damage through AMPK-mitophagy pathway","volume":"1","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2025.124170","article-title":"Butyrate ameliorates lung inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in association with the regulation of histone lactylation: a mechanistic study","volume":"386","author":"Jiang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.5.1012","article-title":"The effects of short-chain fatty acids on human colon cancer cell phenotype are associated with histone hyperacetylation","volume":"132","author":"Hinnebusch","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2021.114450","article-title":"Determination of up to twenty carboxylic acid containing compounds in clinically relevant matrices by o-benzylhydroxylamine derivatization and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"208","author":"Gomez-Gomez","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2020.06.064","article-title":"In-depth mapping carboxylic acid metabolome reveals the potential biomarkers in colorectal cancer through characteristic fragment ions and metabolic flux","volume":"1128","author":"Bian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS2002207","article-title":"Regulation of short-chain fatty acid production","volume":"62","author":"Macfarlane","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Nutrition Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1177\/10454411970080030301","article-title":"Short-chain carboxylic-acid-stimulated, pmnmediated gingival inflammation","volume":"8","author":"Niederman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oral Biol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-025-02132-z","article-title":"L- and D-lactate: unveiling their hidden functions in disease and health","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01624-8","article-title":"Emerging roles of lactate in acute and chronic inflammation","volume":"22","author":"Fang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2020.103559","article-title":"Deciphering the D\u2212\/L-lactate-producing microbiota and manipulating their accumulation during solid-state fermentation of cereal vinegar","volume":"92","author":"Chai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Microbiol"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2014.02.010","article-title":"Characterization of lactate utilization and its implication on the physiology of Haemophilus influenzae","volume":"304","author":"Lichtenegger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.9b00359","article-title":"Haemophilus influenzae glucose catabolism leading to production of the immunometabolite acetate has a key contribution to the host airway\u2013pathogen interplay","volume":"6","author":"L\u00f3pez-L\u00f3pez","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/gmb.2022.3","article-title":"Microbial lactate utilisation and the stability of the gut microbiome","volume":"3","author":"Louis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut Microbiome"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5810","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.10.5810-5817.2004","article-title":"Lactate-utilizing bacteria, isolated from human feces, that produce butyrate as a major fermentation product","volume":"70","author":"Duncan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.70136","article-title":"Lactylation-driven macrophage polarisation regulates pulp inflammation","volume":"59","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2025.2545904","article-title":"EVA1A facilitates glycolysis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma to boost PLAU histone lactylation and dampen CD8+ T cell activity","volume":"21","author":"Yuan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202301722R","article-title":"Lactate produced by alveolar type II cells suppresses inflammatory alveolar macrophages in acute lung injury","volume":"37","author":"Roy","year":"2023","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1502","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00346.2023","article-title":"Versatile lactate signaling via HCAR1: a multifaceted GPCR involved in many biological processes","volume":"325","author":"Nezhady","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2023.06.022","article-title":"History and function of the lactate receptor GPR81\/HCAR1 in the brain: a putative therapeutic target for the treatment of cerebral ischemia","volume":"526","author":"Colucci","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a040535","article-title":"Glycolysis","volume":"13","author":"Chandel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-019-0704-8","article-title":"Macronutrient metabolism by the human gut microbiome: major fermentation by-products and their impact on host health","volume":"7","author":"Oliphant","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10071068","article-title":"The multifaceted pyruvate metabolism: role of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier","volume":"10","author":"Zangari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0750","article-title":"Lactate metabolism and lactylation in cancer: from pathogenesis to therapeutic advances","volume":"11","author":"Fang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.13589","article-title":"Formation of propionate and butyrate by the human colonic microbiota","volume":"19","author":"Louis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.116614","article-title":"Airway immunometabolic responses during pulmonary bacterial and viral infections","volume":"44","author":"Wadhwa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2678","DOI":"10.1038\/s44321-024-00155-6","article-title":"Sepsis-induced changes in pyruvate metabolism: insights and potential therapeutic approaches","volume":"16","author":"Nuyttens","year":"2024","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-0799","article-title":"The role of FOXO and PPAR transcription factors in diet-mediated inhibition of PDC activation and carbohydrate oxidation during exercise in humans and the role of pharmacological activation of PDC in overriding these changes","volume":"61","author":"Constantin-Teodosiu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00599.2011","article-title":"Glucose and pyruvate metabolism in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"112","author":"Kao","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410170505","article-title":"An immunochemical study of the pyruvate dehydrogenase deficit in Alzheimer\u2019s disease brain","volume":"17","author":"Rex Sheu","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(95)12058-C","article-title":"Increased cerebrospinal fluid pyruvate levels in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"199","author":"Parnetti","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13668-3","article-title":"Mitochondrial tca cycle metabolites control physiology and disease","volume":"11","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Reyes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2025.08.009","article-title":"Bacteroides fragilisderived succinic acid promotes the degradation of uric acid by inhibiting hepatic AMPD2: insight into how plant-based berberine ameliorates hyperuricemia","volume":"15","author":"Pan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-023-00975-5","article-title":"Prevotella and succinate treatments altered gut microbiota, increased laying performance, and suppressed hepatic lipid accumulation in laying hens","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661948","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1661948","article-title":"Succinate in innate immunity: linking metabolic reprogramming to immune modulation","volume":"16","author":"Atallah","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109246","article-title":"Extracellular succinate hyperpolarizes M2 macrophages through SUCNR1\/GPR91-mediated Gq signaling","volume":"35","author":"Trauelsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.134.1.84-91.1978","article-title":"Pathway of succinate and propionate formation in Bacteroides fragilis","volume":"134","author":"Macy","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2025.03.004","article-title":"Gang of 3: How the Krebs cycle-linked metabolites itaconate, succinate, and fumarate regulate macrophages and inflammation","volume":"37","author":"P\u00e5lsson-McDermott","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"zsy109","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsy109","article-title":"A randomized, subject and rater-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of dimethyl fumarate for obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"41","author":"Braley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-023-01560-2","article-title":"Dietary-and host-derived metabolites are used by diverse gut bacteria for anaerobic respiration","volume":"9","author":"Little","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.11.005","article-title":"Intestinal luminal nitrogen metabolism: role of the gut microbiota and consequences for the host","volume":"68","author":"Davila","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2024.04.004","article-title":"Microbiota metabolism of intestinal amino acids impacts host nutrient homeostasis and physiology","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/s44324-025-00066-1","article-title":"Mechanisms and implications of the gut microbial modulation of intestinal metabolic processes","volume":"3","author":"Jyoti","year":"2025","journal-title":"NPJ Metab Health Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0850","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1675065","article-title":"Immunomodulatory role of gut microbial metabolites: mechanistic insights and therapeutic frontiers","volume":"16","author":"Zeng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0855","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12475","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232012475","article-title":"Tryptophan modulatory role in european seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) immune response to acute inflammation under stressful conditions","volume":"23","author":"Machado","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2023-006728","article-title":"Tryptophan depletion sensitizes the AHR pathway by increasing AHR expression and GCN2\/LAT1-mediated kynurenine uptake, and potentiates induction of regulatory T lymphocytes","volume":"11","author":"Solvay","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0865","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.108485","article-title":"Tryptophan metabolism can modulate immunologic tolerance in primitive vertebrate lamprey via IDO-kynurenine-AHR pathway","volume":"132","author":"Duan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0870","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.04.031","article-title":"Tryptophan\u2013kynurenine metabolites associate with inflammation and immunologic phenotypes in common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"156","author":"J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0875","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.08.003","article-title":"Tryptophan catabolites from microbiota engage aryl hydrocarbon receptor and balance mucosal reactivity via interleukin-22","volume":"39","author":"Zelante","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0880","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4102","article-title":"CARD9 impacts colitis by altering gut microbiota metabolism of tryptophan into aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands","volume":"22","author":"Lamas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0885","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.06.010","article-title":"Antibiotic-driven dysbiosis in early life disrupts indole-3-propionic acid production and exacerbates allergic airway inflammation in adulthood","volume":"57","author":"Perdijk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0890","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330373","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1330373","article-title":"Indole-3carbinol attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome through activation of AhR: role of CCR2+ monocyte activation and recruitment in the regulation of CXCR2+ neutrophils in the lungs","volume":"15","author":"Holloman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1408110","article-title":"Effects of developmental activation of the AhR on CD4+ T-cell responses to influenza virus infection in adult mice","volume":"122","author":"Boule","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0900","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-025-05910-7","article-title":"B. Uniformis IM01derived IAA alleviates asthma via AhR\/NLRP3 pathways in mice","volume":"82","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-023-01551-9","article-title":"Gut microbiota-derived 3-phenylpropionic acid promotes intestinal epithelial barrier function via AhR signaling","volume":"11","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-023-00614-9","article-title":"Indole-3-propionic acid alleviates chondrocytes inflammation and osteoarthritis via the AhR\/NF\u03baBaxis","volume":"29","author":"Zhuang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.627503","article-title":"Arginine therapy for lung diseases","volume":"12","author":"Scott","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00034.2003","article-title":"Nitric oxide in health and disease of the respiratory system","volume":"84","author":"Ricciardolo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3877","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.10.3877","article-title":"Temporal expression of different pathways of L-arginine metabolism in healing wounds","volume":"144","author":"Albina","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"7956","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05891-2","article-title":"Ornithine aminotransferase supports polyamine synthesis in pancreatic cancer","volume":"616","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0935","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38080","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-21856-z","article-title":"Poly-L-ornithine coated plant scaffolds support motor recovery in rats after traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"15","author":"Couvrette","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0940","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI188734","article-title":"Myeloid-mesenchymal crosstalk drives ARG1-dependent profibrotic metabolism via ornithine in lung fibrosis","volume":"135","author":"Yadav","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0945","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.127801","article-title":"Arginine metabolic control of airway inflammation","volume":"5","author":"Asosingh","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0950","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200710-1588OC","article-title":"Arginase inhibition protects against allergen-induced airway obstruction, hyperresponsiveness, and inflammation","volume":"178","author":"Maarsingh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0955","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-10-62","article-title":"Arginine deficiency augments inflammatory mediator production by airway epithelial cells in vitro","volume":"10","author":"Fan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0960","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2008.10.007","article-title":"Arginase enzymes in isolated airways from normal and nitric oxide synthase 2knockout mice exposed to ovalbumin","volume":"234","author":"Bratt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0965","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-11-87","article-title":"The cationic amino acid transporter 2 is induced in inflammatory lung models and regulates lung fibrosis","volume":"11","author":"Niese","year":"2010","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0970","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70120","article-title":"Glutamine metabolism: molecular regulation, biological functions, and diseases","volume":"6","author":"Kumar","year":"2025","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0975","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-023-00971-9","article-title":"Targeting glutamine metabolism as a therapeutic strategy for cancer","volume":"55","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0980","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2515S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.9.2515S","article-title":"Why is L-glutamine metabolism important to cells of the immune system in health, postinjury, surgery or infection?","volume":"131","author":"Newsholme","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0985","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2024.125467","article-title":"Ambient PM2.5 orchestrates M1 polarization of alveolar macrophages via activating glutaminase 1-mediated glutaminolysis in acute lung injury","volume":"366","author":"Su","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0990","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01274-22","article-title":"Glutamine is required for M1-like polarization of macrophages in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection","volume":"13","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb0995","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14019","article-title":"Inhibition of glutamine metabolism accelerates resolution of acute lung injury","volume":"7","author":"Vigeland","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0451-9","article-title":"The influence of the microbiome on respiratory health","volume":"20","author":"Wypych","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00107-2016","article-title":"Effects of bile acids on human airway epithelial cells: implications for aerodigestive diseases","volume":"3","author":"Aldhahrani","year":"2017","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2025.100773","article-title":"Microbiota-derived metabolites: key modulators of cancer immunotherapies","volume":"6","author":"Perl","year":"2025","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499202","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1499202","article-title":"Advances in intestinal epithelium and gut microbiota interaction","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2523815","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2523815","article-title":"Microbiota-dependent metabolites\u2013new engine for T cell warriors","volume":"17","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00018.2006","article-title":"Amino acid transport across mammalian intestinal and renal epithelia","volume":"88","author":"Broer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2021.02.007","article-title":"Regulation of intestinal barrier function by microbial metabolites","volume":"11","author":"Ghosh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-024-01012-x","article-title":"Gut microbiota-derived metabolites tune host homeostasis fate","volume":"46","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2021.02.001","article-title":"Microbial regulation of host physiology by short-chain fatty acids","volume":"29","author":"van der Hee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14648","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c05846","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) as a connecting link between microbiota and gut-lung axis a potential therapeutic intervention to improve lung health","volume":"9","author":"Verma","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-024-00996-z","article-title":"Transport functions of intestinal lymphatic vessels","volume":"22","author":"Tso","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(67)90105-1","article-title":"Portal absorption of fatty acids in lymph- and portal vein-cannulated rats","volume":"137","author":"Hyun","year":"1967","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.586685","article-title":"Gut ischemia reperfusion injury induces lung inflammation via mesenteric lymph-mediated neutrophil activation","volume":"11","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L65","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00421.2020","article-title":"Lung immune tone via gut-lung axis: gut-derived LPS and short-chain fatty acids\u2019 immunometabolic regulation of lung IL-1\u03b2, FFAR2, and FFAR3 expression","volume":"321","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693964","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1693964","article-title":"The gut-lung axis: effects and mechanisms of gut microbiota on pulmonary diseases","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.897462","article-title":"Microbial metabolites in the maturation and activation of dendritic cells and their relevance for respiratory immunity","volume":"13","author":"Wilson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1246","article-title":"Dendritic-cell control of pathogen-driven T-cell polarization","volume":"3","author":"Kapsenberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20170298","article-title":"Plasmacytoid dendritic cells protect from viral bronchiolitis and asthma through semaphorin 4A-mediated Treg expansion","volume":"215","author":"Lynch","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14516","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-15099-w","article-title":"Butyrate and propionate inhibit antigenspecific CD8+ T cell activation by suppressing IL-12 production by antigen-presenting cells","volume":"7","author":"Nastasi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01429","article-title":"Butyrate conditions human dendritic cells to prime type 1 regulatory T cells via both histone deacetylase inhibition and G protein-coupled receptor 109A signaling","volume":"8","author":"Kaisar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16148","article-title":"The effect of short-chain fatty acids on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells","volume":"5","author":"Nastasi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2024.167559","article-title":"Overexpression of FBP1 enhances dendritic cell activation and maturation by inhibiting glycolysis and promoting the secretion of IL33 in lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"1871","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-17-1307","article-title":"Downregulation of membrane trafficking proteins and lactate conditioning determine loss of dendritic cell function in lung cancer","volume":"78","author":"Caronni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2019.1698900","article-title":"Tryptophan metaboliteregulated Treg responses contribute to attenuation of airway inflammation during specific immunotherapy in a mouse asthma model","volume":"16","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.116662","article-title":"Lactobacillus murinus alleviated lung inflammation induced by PAHs in mice","volume":"281","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-03769-7","article-title":"IL-4 inhibits regulatory T cells differentiation by HDAC9-mediated epigenetic regulation","volume":"12","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1543822","article-title":"Exogenous acetate mitigates later enhanced allergic airway inflammation in a menopausal mouse model","volume":"15","author":"Perez Umana","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2024-010040","article-title":"Lactylation-driven TNFR2 expression in regulatory T cells promotes the progression of malignant pleural effusion","volume":"12","author":"Xue","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.630938","article-title":"AhR ligands modulate the differentiation of innate lymphoid cells and T helper cell subsets that control the severity of a pulmonary fungal infection","volume":"12","author":"de Ara\u00fajo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01777","article-title":"Alveolar macrophages in the resolution of inflammation, tissue repair, and tolerance to infection","volume":"9","author":"Allard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1093\/cei\/uxab028","article-title":"The effect of short-chain fatty acids on M2 macrophages polarization in vitro and in vivo","volume":"207","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01987-23","article-title":"Butyrate protects against MRSA pneumonia via regulating gut-lung microbiota and alveolar macrophage M2 polarization","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2026.104156","article-title":"Butyrate protects against Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced oxidative stress in alveolar macrophages via p62-Keap1-Nrf2 pathway","volume":"93","author":"Meng","year":"2026","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2020-0360OC","article-title":"Lung myofibroblasts promote macrophage profibrotic activity through lactate-induced histone lactylation","volume":"64","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jimmun\/vkaf280","article-title":"The aryl hydrocarbon receptor promotes the resolution of pulmonary neutrophilia via regulation of macrophage efferocytosis","volume":"215","author":"Traboulsi","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13845","article-title":"Dietary human milk oligosaccharides reduce allergic airway inflammation by modulating SCFAs level and ILC2 activity","volume":"173","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02051","article-title":"Dietary fiber-induced microbial short chain fatty acids suppress ILC2-dependent airway inflammation","volume":"10","author":"Lewis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.02.032","article-title":"Regulation of type 2 innate lymphoid cell-dependent airway hyperreactivity by butyrate","volume":"142","author":"Thio","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5348","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.131136","article-title":"Lung dysbiosis disrupts an FFAR2-mediated innate immune circuit against Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"16","author":"Huang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13119","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids induce tissue plasminogen activator in airway epithelial cells via GPR41&43","volume":"48","author":"Imoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.70043","article-title":"Gut microbiota\u2013derived lipopolysaccharides and short-chain fatty acids regulate immune responses via FFAR2\/FFAR3 in lung ischemia\u2013reperfusion injury","volume":"1553","author":"Maruyama","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2019.10.023","article-title":"Cancer-derived succinate promotes macrophage polarization and cancer metastasis via succinate receptor","volume":"77","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14376","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-64844-5","article-title":"Succinate promotes pulmonary fibrosis through GPR91 and predicts death in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"14","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116213","article-title":"Succinate-mediated activation of the GPR91\/MALT1\/NF-\u03baB\/CCL2 pathway in macrophages contributes to pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"172","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2021.155720","article-title":"Intranasal curcumin and sodium butyrate modulates airway inflammation and fibrosis via HDAC inhibition in allergic asthma","volume":"149","author":"Islam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17132242","article-title":"High-calorie diets exacerbate lipopolysaccharide-induced pneumonia by promoting propionate-mediated neutrophil extracellular traps","volume":"17","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2022.120972","article-title":"Rectal administration of butyrate ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis in mice through induction of hepatocyte growth factor in the colon via the hdac-ppar\u03b3 pathway","volume":"309","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.116132","article-title":"Bifidobacterium animalis suppresses non-small cell lung cancer progression and modulates tumor immunity through indole-3-acetic acid","volume":"44","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2025.110165","article-title":"Synergistic effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum guanke and tryptophan on alleviating lung injury through the AHR\/STAT3\/IL-10 pathway in influenza infection mice","volume":"148","author":"Yang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2024.06.017","article-title":"Kynurenine acts as a signaling molecule to attenuate pulmonary fibrosis by enhancing the AHR-PTEN axis","volume":"71","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-020-00573-5","article-title":"Probiotics protect against RSV infection by modulating the microbiota-alveolar-macrophage axis","volume":"42","author":"Ji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36323-4","article-title":"Microbiota-derived acetate enhances host antiviral response via NLRP3","volume":"14","author":"Niu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241814191","article-title":"Butyrate protects against SARS-CoV-2-induced tissue damage in golden hamsters","volume":"24","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2325067","article-title":"Shotgun metagenomics and systemic targeted metabolomics highlight indole-3-propionic acid as a protective gut microbial metabolite against influenza infection","volume":"16","author":"Heumel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2429754","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2429754","article-title":"Dysrupted microbial tryptophan metabolism associates with SARS-CoV-2 acute inflammatory responses and long COVID","volume":"16","author":"Yao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-024-04843-0","article-title":"Using a targeted metabolomics approach to explore differences in ards associated with COVID-19 compared to ARDS caused by H1N1 influenza and bacterial pneumonia","volume":"28","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2486511","article-title":"Integrative metagenomics and metabolomics reveal age-associated gut microbiota and metabolite alterations in a hamster model of COVID-19","volume":"17","author":"Brito Rodrigues","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00443-2020","article-title":"Decreased IDO1-dependent tryptophan metabolism in aged lung during influenza","volume":"57","author":"Cho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02208-2024","article-title":"Butyrate-producing gut bacterium Faecalibacterium prausnitzii protects against bacterial pneumonia","volume":"66","author":"Kullberg","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13932","article-title":"Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis of the gut microbiota shifts host tryptophan metabolism and increases the susceptibility of mice to pulmonary infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"175","author":"de Brito","year":"2025","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7427","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43304-0","article-title":"Glutamine metabolism inhibition has dual immunomodulatory and antibacterial activities against mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"14","author":"Parveen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00143614","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids affect cystic fibrosis airway inflammation and bacterial growth","volume":"46","author":"Ghorbani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2023.04.022","article-title":"Short chain fatty acids reduce the respiratory burst of human neutrophils in response to cystic fibrosis isolates of Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"22","author":"Miller","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11152283","article-title":"Reprogramming of amino acid metabolism differs between community-acquired pneumonia and infection-associated exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"11","author":"Arshad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"04","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pccm.2023.10.001","article-title":"Advances in metabolomics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"1","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin Med J Pulm Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2017.00246","article-title":"Metabolic disorders in chronic lung diseases","volume":"4","author":"Papaioannou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-022-01196-8","article-title":"Multi-omics analyses of airway host\u2013microbe interactions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease identify potential therapeutic interventions","volume":"7","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2748","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-020-0727-y","article-title":"Multi-omic meta-analysis identifies functional signatures of airway microbiome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.01.031","article-title":"Sputum short-chain fatty acids, microbiome, inflammation, and mucus plugging in obstructive airway disease","volume":"155","author":"Tanabe","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201505-0943OC","article-title":"The role of short-chain fatty acids, produced by anaerobic bacteria, in the cystic fibrosis airway","volume":"192","author":"Mirkovi\u0107","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2206507","article-title":"The propionate-GPR41 axis in infancy protects from subsequent bronchial asthma onset","volume":"15","author":"Ito","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.09.003","article-title":"D-tryptophan from probiotic bacteria influences the gut microbiome and allergic airway disease","volume":"139","author":"Kepert","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364_bb1370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-203728","article-title":"Systemic tryptophan and kynurenine catabolite levels relate to severity of rhinovirus-induced asthma exacerbation: a prospective study with a parallel-group design","volume":"68","author":"van der Sluijs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thorax"}],"container-title":["Mucosal Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1933021926000668?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1933021926000668?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T11:37:25Z","timestamp":1791459445000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1933021926000668"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":272,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1933021926000668"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364","relation":{},"ISSN":["1933-0219"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1933-0219","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"From the gut to the lung: microbiota-associated metabolites as regulators of respiratory immunometabolism","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Mucosal Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100364","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Society for Mucosal Immunology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100364"}}