{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T17:23:26Z","timestamp":1793381006509,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":303,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 HL133362"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 HL133362"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microvascular Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T02:23:22Z","timestamp":1750904602000},"page":"104836","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A theoretical model for oxygen transport to the cerebral cortex: effects of flow redistribution by penetrating arterioles"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"161","author":[{"given":"Akshita","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy W.","family":"Secomb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9860","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27910-3","article-title":"The pial vasculature of the mouse develops according to a sensory-independent program","volume":"8","author":"Adams","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1009164","article-title":"Simulation of angiogenesis in three dimensions: application to cerebral cortex","volume":"17","author":"Alberding","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3426","article-title":"The cortical angiome: an interconnected vascular network with noncolumnar patterns of blood flow","volume":"16","author":"Blinder","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X20927100","article-title":"Simulation of oxygen transport and estimation of tissue perfusion in extensive microvascular networks: application to cerebral cortex","volume":"41","author":"Celaya-Alcala","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.535435","article-title":"SKCa and IKCa channels, myogenic tone, and vasodilator responses in middle cerebral arteries and parenchymal arterioles: effect of ischemia and reperfusion","volume":"40","author":"Cipolla","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2425","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.005888","article-title":"Postischemic reperfusion causes smooth muscle calcium sensitization and vasoconstriction of parenchymal arterioles","volume":"45","author":"Cipolla","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E796","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1420765112","article-title":"Potassium channelopathy-like defect underlies early-stage cerebrovascular dysfunction in a genetic model of small vessel disease","volume":"112","author":"Dabertrand","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2025998118","article-title":"PIP(2) corrects cerebral blood flow deficits in small vessel disease by rescuing capillary Kir2.1 activity","volume":"118","author":"Dabertrand","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199811000-00045","article-title":"Clinical experience with 118 brain tissue oxygen partial pressure catheter probes","volume":"43","author":"Dings","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5687(01)00306-1","article-title":"Tissue oxygen tension and brain sensitivity to hypoxia","volume":"128","author":"Erecinska","year":"2001","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3663","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3555-14.2015","article-title":"Quantifying the microvascular origin of BOLD-fMRI from first principles with two-photon microscopy and an oxygen-sensitive nanoprobe","volume":"35","author":"Gagnon","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1080\/10739680801938289","article-title":"Theoretical models of microvascular oxygen transport to tissue","volume":"15","author":"Goldman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H47","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00131.2012","article-title":"Oxygen dependence of respiration in rat spinotrapezius muscle in situ","volume":"303","author":"Golub","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.39","article-title":"On the normalization of cerebral blood flow","volume":"33","author":"Guibert","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.25","article-title":"The vascular conducted response in cerebral blood flow regulation","volume":"33","author":"Jensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1919.sp001839","article-title":"The number and distribution of capillaries in muscles with calculations of the oxygen pressure head necessary for supplying the tissue","volume":"52","author":"Krogh","year":"1919","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-031522-034807","article-title":"Pericytes and the control of blood flow in brain and heart","volume":"85","author":"Longden","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/micc.12337","article-title":"The relative influence of hematocrit and red blood cell velocity on oxygen transport from capillaries to tissue","volume":"24","author":"Lucker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8219","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26543-w","article-title":"Compromised microvascular oxygen delivery increases brain tissue vulnerability with age","volume":"8","author":"Moeini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21031095","article-title":"Small vessel disease-related dementia: an invalid neurovascular coupling?","volume":"21","author":"Moretti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0609551104","article-title":"Penetrating arterioles are a bottleneck in the perfusion of neocortex","volume":"104","author":"Nishimura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI149759","article-title":"CADASIL mutations sensitize the brain to ischemia via spreading depolarizations and abnormal extracellular potassium homeostasis","volume":"132","author":"Oka","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2010.08.019","article-title":"A method for measuring brain partial pressure of oxygen in unanesthetized unrestrained subjects: the effect of acute and chronic hypoxia on brain tissue PO(2)","volume":"193","author":"Ortiz-Prado","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0120","series-title":"Handbook of Physiology: Microcirculation","first-page":"3","article-title":"Blood flow in microvascular networks","author":"Pries","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.67.4.826","article-title":"Blood flow in microvascular networks. Experiments and simulation","volume":"67","author":"Pries","year":"1990","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.77.5.1017","article-title":"Design principles of vascular beds","volume":"77","author":"Pries","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2895","article-title":"The shunt problem: control of functional shunting in normal and tumour vasculature","volume":"10","author":"Pries","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.695965","article-title":"Prostaglandin E(2) dilates intracerebral arterioles when applied to capillaries: implications for small vessel diseases","volume":"13","author":"Rosehart","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/micc.12673","article-title":"Effects of impaired microvascular flow regulation on metabolism-perfusion matching and organ function","volume":"28","author":"Roy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0150","article-title":"Functional implications of microvascular heterogeneity for oxygen uptake and utilization","volume":"10","author":"Roy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phys. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1117\/1.NPh.3.4.045005","article-title":"Two-photon microscopy measurement of cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen using periarteriolar oxygen concentration gradients","volume":"3","author":"Sakad\u017ei\u0107","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurophotonics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005392","article-title":"Depth-dependent flow and pressure characteristics in cortical microvascular networks","volume":"13","author":"Schmid","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(93)90070-C","article-title":"Analysis of oxygen transport to tumor tissue by microvascular networks","volume":"25","author":"Secomb","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1114\/B:ABME.0000049036.08817.44","article-title":"Green\u2019s function methods for analysis of oxygen delivery to tissue by microvascular networks","volume":"32","author":"Secomb","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0175","article-title":"Small-vessel disease in the brain","volume":"27","author":"Singh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am Heart J Plus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4288","article-title":"Pericytes of the neurovascular unit: key functions and signaling pathways","volume":"19","author":"Sweeney","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15246","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1006735107","article-title":"Cortical depth-specific microvascular dilation underlies laminar differences in blood oxygenation level-dependent functional MRI signal","volume":"107","author":"Tian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.2108\/zsj.15.703","article-title":"Molecular stability and function of mouse hemoglobins","volume":"15","author":"Uchida","year":"1998","journal-title":"Zool. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1994.12","article-title":"Intravital microreflectometry of individual pial vessels and capillary region of rat","volume":"14","author":"Watanabe","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."}],"container-title":["Microvascular Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002628622500055X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002628622500055X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]],"date-time":"2025-08-09T13:13:04Z","timestamp":1754745184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S002628622500055X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S002628622500055X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836","relation":{},"ISSN":["0026-2862"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0026-2862","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A theoretical model for oxygen transport to the cerebral cortex: effects of flow redistribution by penetrating arterioles","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Microvascular Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mvr.2025.104836","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104836"}}