{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T21:22:12Z","timestamp":1787865732997,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microvascular Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T19:58:32Z","timestamp":1783627112000},"page":"104986","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Microvascular barrier \u2013 Transdermal and Topical drug delivery in Raynaud's Phenomenon"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"167","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7866-267X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandya","family":"Muthu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0611-1476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sangeetha","family":"Shanmugasundaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.6c00062","article-title":"Kidney selective Bcl2 inhibitor delivery improves fibrosis treatment","author":"Afrin","year":"2026","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0010","series-title":"First-pass metabolism and its effect on bioavailability","author":"Ahmed","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0015","series-title":"Nanoemulsions","article-title":"Thermodynamic and Kinetic Stability of Cosmetic Nanoemulsions","author":"Ajayi","year":"2024"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1515\/bmt-2019-0019","article-title":"Non-invasive drug delivery technology: development and current status of transdermal drug delivery devices, techniques and biomedical applications","volume":"65","author":"Akhtar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Tech (Berl)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1080\/10837450.2018.1509348","article-title":"The road to market implantable drug delivery systems: a review on US FDA\u2019S regulatory framework and quality control requirements","volume":"23","author":"Al-Jawadi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharm. Dev. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14061152","article-title":"Beneath the skin: a review of current trends and future prospects of transdermal drug delivery systems","volume":"14","author":"Alkilani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15060653","article-title":"Technologies for solubility, dissolution and permeation enhancement of natural compounds","volume":"15","author":"Alshamrani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17070936","article-title":"Transdermal drug delivery systems: methods for enhancing skin permeability and their evaluation","volume":"17","author":"Bakhrushina","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6983","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S318416","article-title":"Phytosomes as innovative delivery systems for phytochemicals: a comprehensive review of literature","volume":"16","author":"Barani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1024\/0301-1526\/a000661","article-title":"ESVM guidelines \u2013 the diagnosis and management of Raynaud's phenomenon","volume":"46","author":"Belch","year":"2017","journal-title":"VASA"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-017-0684-2","article-title":"Very early systemic sclerosis and pre-systemic sclerosis: definition, recognition, clinical relevance and future directions","volume":"19","author":"Bellando-Randone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Rheumatol. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.24926\/iip.v12i2.3694","article-title":"A comparison of current regulatory frameworks for nutraceuticals in Australia, Canada, Japan and the United States","volume":"12","author":"Blaze","year":"2021","journal-title":"Innov. Pharm."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24112062","article-title":"The multiple faces of C-reactive protein\u2014physiological and pathophysiological implications in cardiovascular disease","volume":"24","author":"Boncler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1109\/RBME.2022.3146293","article-title":"Bioprinting: a strategy to build informative models of exposure and disease","volume":"16","author":"Caceres-Alban","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Rev. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X20983455","article-title":"Raynaud's phenomenon and related vasospastic disorders","volume":"26","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vasc. Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18112561","article-title":"Most important biomedical and pharmaceutical applications of silicones","volume":"18","author":"Chru\u015bciel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2018.09.014","article-title":"Design of in vitro skin permeation studies according to the EMA guideline on quality of transdermal patches","volume":"125","author":"Cilurzo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onano.2025.100245","article-title":"Transdermal drug delivery system: a comprehensive review of innovative strategies, applications and regulatory perspectives","volume":"24","author":"Crasta","year":"2025","journal-title":"OpenNano"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.01.043","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of topical nitrates in the treatment of primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon","volume":"78","author":"Curtiss","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2003.10.027","article-title":"Skin electroporation for transdermal and topical delivery","volume":"56","author":"Denet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0105","series-title":"Artificial Intelligence Algorithms in Nailfold Capillaroscopy Image Analysis: A Systematic Review","author":"Emam","year":"2024"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0110","article-title":"Calcium channel blockers for primary Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon","volume":"2","author":"Ennis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e17488","article-title":"Advances in drug delivery systems, challenges and future directions","volume":"9","author":"Ezike","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2016.00438","article-title":"Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon: a brief review of the underlying mechanisms","volume":"7","author":"Fardoun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1080\/10837450.2020.1740932","article-title":"Topical application of nanoparticles integrated supramolecular hydrogels for the potential treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis","volume":"25","author":"Garg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharm. Dev. Technol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5373","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00211","article-title":"Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS): recent advances and failure modes","volume":"21","author":"Ghaferi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2020.03.002","article-title":"S-nitrosothiol-terminated poly(vinyl alcohol): nitric oxide release and skin blood flow response","volume":"98","author":"Giglio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0140","article-title":"Polymeric nanoparticles \u2013 a review","volume":"9","author":"Gillella","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Innov. Appl. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e289","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon","volume":"344","author":"Goundry","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.15171\/apb.2018.021","article-title":"Chemical enhancer: a simplistic way to modulate barrier function of the stratum corneum","volume":"8","author":"Haque","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Pharm. Bull."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X17740074","article-title":"Evidence-based management of Raynaud's phenomenon","volume":"9","author":"Herrick","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Musculoskelet. Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.11.036","article-title":"The role of capillaroscopy and thermography in the assessment and management of Raynaud's phenomenon","volume":"17","author":"Herrick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2024.2388569","article-title":"An overview of conventional and investigational phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for treating erectile dysfunction and other conditions","volume":"33","author":"Ismail","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17050596","article-title":"Preparation and evaluation of tadalafil-loaded nanoemulgel for transdermal delivery in cold-induced vasoconstriction: a potential therapy for Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon","volume":"17","author":"Jacob","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16111384","article-title":"Nanocarrier-based transdermal drug delivery systems for dermatological therapy","volume":"16","author":"Kang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.4155\/tde-2017-0045","article-title":"Stratum corneum modulation by chemical enhancers and lipid nanostructures: implications for transdermal drug delivery","volume":"8","author":"Kapoor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ther. Deliv."},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21107","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b00371","article-title":"Temperature-responsive smart nanocarriers for delivery of therapeutic agents: applications and recent advances","volume":"8","author":"Karimi","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e237","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(19)30079-7","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and safety of treatments for secondary Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials","volume":"1","author":"Khouri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200218666170222150555","article-title":"Transdermal drug delivery: opportunities and challenges for controlled delivery of therapeutic agents using nanocarriers","volume":"18","author":"Kurmi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Metab."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.5114\/reum.2015.51508","article-title":"Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon: new aspects of pathogenesis and the role of nailfold videocapillaroscopy","volume":"53","author":"Kuryliszyn-Moskal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reumatologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-025-03784-x","article-title":"Innovating alopecia treatment: nanostructured lipid carriers as advanced delivery platforms","author":"Kushwaha","year":"2025","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedeberg\u2019s Arch. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v6.i9.993","article-title":"Cardiac manifestations in systemic sclerosis","volume":"6","author":"Lambova","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-021-08891-0","article-title":"Therapeutic approaches to systemic sclerosis: recent approvals and future candidate therapies","volume":"64","author":"Lescoat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7349","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S179678","article-title":"Nanotechnology, an alternative with promising prospects and advantages for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S447496","article-title":"Advances in nanotechnology for enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0230","article-title":"Low-frequency sonophoresis: a promising strategy for enhanced transdermal delivery","volume":"2024","author":"Marathe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Pharmacol. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0235","first-page":"112","article-title":"Exploring novel therapies for psoriasis management: a dermatological perspective","volume":"53","author":"Masa\u2019deh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vasa"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/scipharm92020028","article-title":"Drug delivery nano-platforms for advanced cancer therapy","volume":"92","author":"Naumenko","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Pharm."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/medicines12010004","article-title":"Beyond the needle: innovative microneedle-based transdermal vaccination","volume":"12","author":"Nguyen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Medicines"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins16110472","article-title":"Botulinum toxin for the treatment of Raynaud\u2019s conditions of the hand: clinical practice updates and future directions","volume":"16","author":"O\u2019Donohoe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5535","article-title":"Regulatory risk assessment of pharmaceuticals in the environment: current practice and future priorities","volume":"43","author":"Oldenkamp","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/gels11010041","article-title":"Permeation enhancer in microemulsions and microemulsion-based gels: a comparison of diethylene glycol monoethyl ether and oleyl alcohol","volume":"11","author":"Pandey","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gels"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.33140\/IJNN.10.01.01","article-title":"Advances in nanocarrier systems for dermatologic transdermal drug delivery: a chemical and molecular review","volume":"10","author":"Parga","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanotechnol. Nanomed."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-224416","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the non-pharmacological management of systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis","volume":"83","author":"Parodis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0275","first-page":"6691","article-title":"Permeation enhancement and advanced strategies: a comprehensive review of improved topical drug delivery","volume":"6","author":"Patel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Res. J. Mod. Eng. Technol. Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3317","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-019-04745-5","article-title":"Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon\u2014an update on diagnosis, classification and management","volume":"38","author":"Pauling","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb5000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.09.025","article-title":"Overcoming skin barriers through advanced transdermal drug delivery approaches","volume":"351","author":"Phatale","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3372","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.69999","article-title":"Advanced nanocarrier- and microneedle-based transdermal drug delivery strategies for skin diseases treatment","volume":"12","author":"Qu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.70199\/IJPSM.2.2.64-68","article-title":"Advancements in tadalafil formulation and transdermal delivery: a comprehensive review","volume":"2","author":"Quraishee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2174\/0126673878272043240114123908","article-title":"A comprehensive review on potential chemical and herbal permeation enhancers used in transdermal drug delivery systems","volume":"18","author":"Raghav","year":"2024","journal-title":"Recent Adv. Drug Deliv. Formul."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1080\/10837450.2025.2521055","article-title":"Development and optimization of cilostazol loaded transethosomal gel for improved performance","volume":"30","author":"Rehman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharm. Dev. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins16020096","article-title":"From toxin to treatment: a narrative review on the use of botulinum toxin for autonomic dysfunction","volume":"16","author":"Rempel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2021.09.003","article-title":"Autoimmune connective tissue diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"40","author":"Rose","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerg. Med. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0315","series-title":"Organic Polymers in Energy\u2013Environmental Applications","first-page":"555","article-title":"Transdermal drug delivery and organic polymers: Current scenario and future prospects","author":"Roy","year":"2024"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4093","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.5c00257","article-title":"pH-responsive transdermal release from poly(vinyl alcohol)-coated liposomes and transethosomes: investigating the role of coating in delayed drug delivery","volume":"8","author":"Sabbagh","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202503030","article-title":"Transdermal drug delivery systems powered by artificial intelligence","volume":"14","author":"Sabbagh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/gels10010045","article-title":"Novel therapeutic hybrid systems using hydrogels and nanotechnology: a focus on nanoemulgels for the treatment of skin diseases","volume":"10","author":"Sghier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gels"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-020-0073-9","article-title":"Radiopharmaceutical therapy in cancer: clinical advances and challenges","volume":"19","author":"Sgouros","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2026.107604","article-title":"Nanocarrier-based drug delivery strategies for Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon: overcoming microvascular and perfusion barriers","volume":"163","author":"Shanmugam","year":"2026","journal-title":"Vasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1258516","article-title":"Unlocking the power of nanomedicine: the future of nutraceuticals in oncology treatment","volume":"10","author":"Singla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252111850","article-title":"Molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of retinal vascular disease: interplay between inflammation and oxidative stress","volume":"25","author":"Srejovic","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0355","article-title":"Vasodilators for primary Raynaud's phenomenon","volume":"2021","author":"Su","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0360","article-title":"Formulation and evaluation of tadalafil-loaded nano-ointment and cream for Raynaud's phenomenon","volume":"18","author":"Subramanian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asian J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0365","series-title":"Nanoparticle Toxicity and Compatibility","first-page":"256","article-title":"Cardiovascular toxicity of nanoparticles","author":"Thakur","year":"2024"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202107960","article-title":"Nanocarriers for skin applications: where do we stand?","volume":"61","author":"Tiwari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5758\/vsi.240047","article-title":"Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon: a current update on pathogenesis, diagnostic workup and treatment","volume":"40","author":"Ture","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vasc. Spec. Int."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16020248","article-title":"Different targeting ligands-mediated drug delivery systems for tumor therapy","volume":"16","author":"Yan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb6000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.646554","article-title":"Enhancing permeation of drug molecules across the skin via delivery in nanocarriers: Novel strategies for effective transdermal applications","volume":"9","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17040451","article-title":"A bibliometric analysis and systematic review of research advances in in situ gel drug delivery systems from 2003 to 2023","volume":"17","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17030283","article-title":"Topical therapy in psoriasis: clinical benefits, advances in novel drug delivery strategies and gene therapy regimen","volume":"17","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"}],"container-title":["Microvascular Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0026286226000865?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0026286226000865?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T20:56:35Z","timestamp":1787864195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0026286226000865"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":80,"alternative-id":["S0026286226000865"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986","relation":{},"ISSN":["0026-2862"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0026-2862","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Microvascular barrier \u2013 Transdermal and Topical drug delivery in Raynaud's Phenomenon","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Microvascular Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mvr.2026.104986","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104986"}}