{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T22:05:08Z","timestamp":1790546708185,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81973252"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81973252"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T20:09:36Z","timestamp":1668024576000},"page":"102625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"special_numbering":"C","title":["An antioxidative sophora exosome-encapsulated hydrogel promotes spinal cord repair by regulating oxidative stress microenvironment"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Jiachen","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahe","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiafu","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hangjuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianqing","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0005","series-title":"Spinal-cord injury: spurring regrowth","first-page":"S49","volume":"Vol 552","author":"Holmes","year":"2017"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30499-X","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016","volume":"18","author":"Collaborators","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101893","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence and epidemiology of spinal cord injury: what learns a worldwide literature survey?","volume":"44","author":"Wyndaele","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0296-z","article-title":"Biomimetic 3D-printed scaffolds for spinal cord injury repair","volume":"25","author":"Koffler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"9304","key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07603-1","article-title":"Spinal-cord injury","volume":"359","author":"McDonald","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0280-3","article-title":"The translational landscape in spinal cord injury: focus on neuroplasticity and regeneration","volume":"15","author":"Hutson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2020.08.004","article-title":"Role of pyroptosis in spinal cord injury and its therapeutic implications","volume":"28","author":"Al Mamun","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2014.00352","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species at the crossroads of inflammasome and inflammation","volume":"5","author":"Harijith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02337-2","article-title":"Inflammation after spinal cord injury: a review of the critical timeline of signaling cues and cellular infiltration","volume":"18","author":"Hellenbrand","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neuroinflamm"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21149","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokine synthesis in the injured mouse spinal cord: multiphasic expression pattern and identification of the cell types involved","volume":"500","author":"Pineau","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.22820","article-title":"Expression of inflammatory cytokines following acute spinal cord injury in a rodent model","volume":"90","author":"Stammers","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0060","article-title":"Autonomic dysreflexia in spinal cord injury","volume":"371","author":"Cowan","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-00436-x","article-title":"The neuroanatomical-functional paradox in spinal cord injury","volume":"17","author":"Fouad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2020.113310","article-title":"Microglia and macrophage metabolism in CNS injury and disease: the role of immunometabolism in neurodegeneration and neurotrauma","volume":"329","author":"Devanney","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2017.07.005","article-title":"Current options for cell therapy in spinal cord injury","volume":"23","author":"Vismara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0080","first-page":"14","article-title":"Clinical neurorestorative therapeutic guidelines for spinal cord injury (IANR\/CANR version 2019)","volume":"20","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Orthop Transl"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-014-0334-1","article-title":"Management of acute traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"17","author":"Grant","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.07.028","article-title":"Approaches to transport therapeutic drugs across the blood\u2013brain barrier to treat brain diseases","volume":"37","author":"Gabathuler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2020.11.030","article-title":"Plant exosome-like nanovesicles: emerging therapeutics and drug delivery nanoplatforms","volume":"29","author":"Dad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2016.06.039","article-title":"Rutin-loaded chitosan microspheres: characterization and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity","volume":"152","author":"Cosco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aau6328","article-title":"Sodium rutin ameliorates Alzheimer's disease-like pathology by enhancing microglial amyloid-beta clearance","volume":"5","author":"Pan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1080\/15569527.2018.1442842","article-title":"The effects of rutin on cisplatin induced oxidative retinal and optic nerve injury: an experimental study","volume":"37","author":"Tasli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cutan Ocul Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.217349","article-title":"Neuroprotective mechanisms of rutin for spinal cord injury through anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation and inhibition of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase pathway","volume":"13","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2019.01.014","article-title":"Rutin abrogates manganese-induced striatal and hippocampal toxicity via inhibition of iron depletion, oxidative stress, inflammation and suppressing the NF-kappaB signaling pathway","volume":"53","author":"Nkpaa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Trace Elem Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-015-0255-7","article-title":"Rutin administration attenuates myocardial dysfunction in diabetic rats","volume":"14","author":"Guimaraes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2014.07.014","article-title":"Antioxidative effects and percutaneous absorption of five polyphenols","volume":"75","author":"Alonso","year":"2014","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8060160","article-title":"Antioxidant and rutin content analysis of leaves of the common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) grown in the United Kingdom: a case study","volume":"8","author":"Habtemariam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201904040","article-title":"Exosomes and nanoengineering: a match made for precision therapeutics","volume":"32","author":"Tran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2016.02.006","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles for drug delivery","volume":"106","author":"Vader","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.10.001","article-title":"Plant-derived exosomal MicroRNAs shape the gut microbiota","volume":"24","author":"Teng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3838","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11718-4","article-title":"Tumor exosome-based nanoparticles are efficient drug carriers for chemotherapy","volume":"10","author":"Yong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0160","first-page":"6616","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 loaded exosome enhances ischemic wound healing in vitro and in vivo","volume":"11","author":"Shi","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-019-0514-y","article-title":"Nano-drug delivery systems in wound treatment and skin regeneration","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2019.01.071","article-title":"Biomaterials for local drug delivery in central nervous system","volume":"560","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4298","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.0c00929","article-title":"Transplantation of human mesenchymal stem-cell-derived exosomes immobilized in an adhesive hydrogel for effective treatment of spinal cord injury","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"issue":"6478","key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau6977","article-title":"The biology, function, and biomedical applications of exosomes","volume":"367","author":"Kalluri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science (New York, N.Y.)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10811","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c02898","article-title":"Stimulation by exosomes from hypoxia preconditioned human umbilical vein endothelial cells facilitates mesenchymal stem cells angiogenic function for spinal cord repair","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14283","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b07598","article-title":"A MnO(2) nanoparticle-dotted hydrogel promotes spinal cord repair via regulating reactive oxygen species microenvironment and synergizing with mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1039\/C9BM01530B","article-title":"Implantation of a functional TEMPO-hydrogel induces recovery from rat spinal cord transection through promoting nerve regeneration and protecting bladder tissue","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomater Sci-Uk"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1995.12.1","article-title":"A sensitive and reliable locomotor rating scale for open field testing in rats","volume":"12","author":"Basso","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurotraum"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200161090-00004","article-title":"Urinary tract infections in patients with spinal cord lesions: treatment and prevention","volume":"61","author":"Biering-S\u00f8rensen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0210","article-title":"ROS generation in microglia: understanding oxidative stress and inflammation in neurodegenerative disease","volume":"9","author":"Simpson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10957","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b04609","article-title":"Soft conducting polymer hydrogels cross-linked and doped by tannic acid for spinal cord injury repair","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.2174\/1566523218666180413150023","article-title":"Transplantation of BDNF gene recombinant mesenchymal stem cells and adhesive peptide-modified hydrogel scaffold for spinal cord repair","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Gene Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2038","article-title":"Microglia-mediated neurotoxicity: uncovering the molecular mechanisms","volume":"8","author":"Block","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1824","article-title":"Astrocyte\u2013endothelial interactions at the blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"7","author":"Abbott","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2017.07.003","article-title":"Nanomaterial applications for neurological diseases and central nervous system injury","volume":"157","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2012.131","article-title":"Exosome-mediated delivery of siRNA in vitro and in vivo","volume":"7","author":"El-Andaloussi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2017.02.020","article-title":"Exosomes: therapy delivery tools and biomarkers of diseases","volume":"174","author":"Barile","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.650426","article-title":"Exosome-based delivery of natural products in cancer therapy","volume":"9","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"}],"container-title":["Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1549963422001113?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1549963422001113?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T07:18:31Z","timestamp":1761549511000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1549963422001113"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S1549963422001113"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1408741\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1549-9634"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1549-9634","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An antioxidative sophora exosome-encapsulated hydrogel promotes spinal cord repair by regulating oxidative stress microenvironment","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nano.2022.102625","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102625"}}