{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T14:04:21Z","timestamp":1789913061038,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]],"date-time":"2010-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264982400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]],"date-time":"2010-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264982400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]],"date-time":"2010-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264982400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]],"date-time":"2010-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264982400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]],"date-time":"2010-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264982400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]],"date-time":"2010-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264982400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]],"date-time":"2010-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264982400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurobiology of Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,12]],"date-time":"2009-11-12T00:41:10Z","timestamp":1257986470000},"page":"441-454","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Optic nerve and vitreal inflammation are both RGC neuroprotective but only the latter is RGC axogenic"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Zubair","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mudasser","family":"Aslam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Lorber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen L.","family":"Suggate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Logan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2004.08.013","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteases: degradation of the inhibitory environment of the transected optic nerve and the scar by regenerating axons","volume":"28","author":"Ahmed","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2004.11.002","article-title":"Disinhibition of neurotrophin-induced dorsal root ganglion cell neurite outgrowth on CNS myelin by siRNA-mediated knockdown of NgR, p75(NTR) and Rho-A","volume":"28","author":"Ahmed","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl080","article-title":"Schwann cell-derived factor-induced modulation of the NgR\/p75(NTR)\/EGFR axis disinhibits axon growth through CNS myelin in vivo and in vitro","volume":"129","author":"Ahmed","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-5339fje","article-title":"TACE-induced cleavage of NgR and p75NTR in dorsal root ganglion cultures disinhibits outgrowth and promotes branching of neurites in the presence of inhibitory CNS myelin","volume":"20","author":"Ahmed","year":"2006","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(84)90027-0","article-title":"A quantitative comparison of the reactions of retinal ganglion-cells to optic-nerve crush in neonatal and adult mice","volume":"16","author":"Allcutt","year":"1984","journal-title":"Dev. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-006-6010-1","article-title":"Neurotrophin signaling: many exciting surprises!","volume":"63","author":"Arevalo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.20515","article-title":"Combinatorial treatments for promoting axon regeneration in the CNS: strategies for overcoming inhibitory signals and activating neurons' intrinsic growth state","volume":"67","author":"Benowitz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4368","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-07-04368.1994","article-title":"Axotomy results in delayed death and apoptosis of retinal ganglion-cells in adult-rats","volume":"14","author":"Berkelaar","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib9","first-page":"147","article-title":"Regeneration of axons in the visual system","volume":"26","author":"Berry","year":"2008","journal-title":"Restor. Neurol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02284793","article-title":"Peripheral nerve explants grafted into the vitreous body of the eye promote the regeneration of retinal ganglion cell axons severed in the optic nerve","volume":"25","author":"Berry","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurocytol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007086004022","article-title":"Optic nerve regeneration after intravitreal peripheral nerve implants: trajectories of axons regrowing through the optic chiasm into the optic tracts","volume":"28","author":"Berry","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurocytol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10256","article-title":"Cultured astrocytes express toll-like receptors for bacterial products","volume":"43","author":"Bowman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025751900356","article-title":"Synantocytes: new functions for novel NG2 expressing glia","volume":"31","author":"Butt","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurocytol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.09-04-01263.1989","article-title":"Effect of Ngf on the survival of rat retinal ganglion-cells following optic-nerve section","volume":"9","author":"Carmignoto","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/S1044-7431(03)00068-X","article-title":"Neurons and astrocytes secrete factors that cause stem cells to differentiate into neurons and astrocytes, respectively","volume":"23","author":"Chang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4458","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1209421","article-title":"Epidermal growth factor and serum activate distinct pathways to inhibit the BH3 only protein BAD in prostate carcinoma LNCaP cells","volume":"25","author":"Chao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10061","article-title":"Expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and glutamine synthetase by Muller cells after optic nerve damage and intravitreal application of brain-derived neurotrophic factor","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.480250805","article-title":"Neurotrophin-4\/5 (Nt-4\/5) increases adult-rat retinal ganglion-cell survival and neurite outgrowth in-vitro","volume":"25","author":"Cohen","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib19","first-page":"131","article-title":"Does CNTF mediate the effect of intraocular inflammation on optic nerve regeneration?","volume":"e96","author":"Cui","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib20","first-page":"760","article-title":"CNTF, not other trophic factors, promotes axonal regeneration of axotomized retinal ganglion cells in adult hamsters","volume":"40","author":"Cui","year":"1999","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib21","first-page":"1954","article-title":"Expression of trkA, trkB, and trkC in injured and regenerating retinal ganglion cells of adult rats","volume":"43","author":"Cui","year":"2002","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol.Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S1044-7431(02)00037-4","article-title":"Intraocular elevation of cyclic AMP potentiates ciliary neurotrophic factor-induced regeneration of adult rat retinal ganglion cell axons","volume":"22","author":"Cui","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(90)90085-T","article-title":"Macrophages can modify the nonpermissive nature of the adult mammalian central nervous system","volume":"5","author":"David","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.02.035","article-title":"Muller glia factors induce survival and neuritogenesis of peripheral and central neurons","volume":"1205","author":"de Melo Reis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.05.029","article-title":"MAG induces regulated intramembrane proteolysis of the p75 neurotrophin receptor to inhibit neurite outgrowth","volume":"46","author":"Domeniconi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp240","article-title":"Off-target effects of epidermal growth factor receptor antagonists mediate retinal ganglion cell disinhibited axon growth","author":"Douglas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.02202.x","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) mediates astrocyte activation in response to the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"88","author":"Esen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21044","article-title":"Reactive astrogliosis induces astrocytic differentiation of adult neural stem\/progenitor cells in vitro","volume":"84","author":"Faijerson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2007.11.002","article-title":"Crystallins of the beta\/gamma-superfamily mimic the effects of lens injury and promote axon regeneration","volume":"37","author":"Fischer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.2001.7822","article-title":"Lens-injury-stimulated axonal regeneration throughout the optic pathway of adult rats","volume":"172","author":"Fischer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib31","first-page":"3943","article-title":"Cataractogenic lens injury prevents traumatic ganglion cell death and promotes axonal regeneration both in vivo and in culture. Invest Ophthalmol","volume":"41","author":"Fischer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8726","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2774-04.2004","article-title":"Switching mature retinal ganglion cells to a robust growth state in vivo: Gene expression and synergy with RhoA inactivation","volume":"24","author":"Fischer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib33","first-page":"3735","article-title":"Effects of muller glia on cell survival and neuritogenesis in adult porcine retina in vitro. Invest Ophthalmol","volume":"43","author":"Garcia","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib34","first-page":"1205","article-title":"Role of Muller glia in neuroprotection and regeneration in the retina","volume":"18","author":"Garcia","year":"2003","journal-title":"Histol. Histopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3956","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3992-08.2009","article-title":"Macrophages promote axon regeneration with concurrent neurotoxicity","volume":"29","author":"Gensel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(02)00326-4","article-title":"Retrograde neurotrophin signaling: Trk-ing along the axon","volume":"12","author":"Ginty","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-0186(94)90066-3","article-title":"Phagocytic microglia release cytokines and cytotoxins that regulate the survival of astrocytes and neurons in culture","volume":"25","author":"Giulian","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-03-02021.1995","article-title":"Regulation of astrocyte proliferation by Fgf-2 and heparan-sulfate in-vivo","volume":"15","author":"Gomezpinilla","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6114","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-16-06114.1997","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E binds to and potentiates the biological activity of ciliary neurotrophic factor","volume":"17","author":"Gutman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.06.020","article-title":"The role of cyclic AMP signaling in promoting axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury","volume":"209","author":"Hannila","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9228","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-21-09228.2002","article-title":"Microglia-Muller glia cell interactions control neurotrophic factor production during light-induced retinal degeneration","volume":"22","author":"Harada","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.09.020","article-title":"Neuroprotective and axon growth promoting effects of intraocular inflammation do not depend on oncomodulin or the presence of large numbers of activated macrophages","volume":"209","author":"Hauk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14009","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M313828200","article-title":"Glial lipoproteins stimulate axon growth of central nervous system neurons in compartmented cultures","volume":"279","author":"Hayashi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9330","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2488-08.2008","article-title":"Another barrier to regeneration in the CNS: activated macrophages induce extensive retraction of dystrophic axons through direct physical interactions","volume":"28","author":"Horn","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.07.001","article-title":"The importance of transgene and cell type on the regeneration of adult retinal ganglion cell axons within reconstituted bridging grafts","volume":"207","author":"Hu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib46","first-page":"U735","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF) on N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced cell death in rat retina","volume":"44","author":"Inomata","year":"2003","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(03)00027-2","article-title":"Molecular determinants of retinal ganglion cell development, survival, and regeneration","volume":"22","author":"Isenmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00546-6","article-title":"Ciliary neurotrophic factor is an axogenesis factor for retinal ganglion cells","volume":"89","author":"Jo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42161","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M306028200","article-title":"Regulated intramembrane proteolysis of the p75 neurotrophin receptor modulates its association with the TrkA receptor","volume":"278","author":"Jung","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5425","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-13-05425.2003","article-title":"Proteolytic processing of the p75 neurotrophin receptor and two homologs generates C-terminal fragments with signaling capability","volume":"23","author":"Kanning","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(00)00092-1","article-title":"Neurotrophin signal transduction in the nervous system","volume":"10","author":"Kaplan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib52","first-page":"3444","article-title":"Muller cell protection of rat retinal ganglion cells from glutamate and nitric oxide neurotoxicity. Invest Ophthalmol","volume":"41","author":"Kawasaki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib53","first-page":"3006","article-title":"BDNF diminishes caspase-2 but not c-Jun immunoreactivity of neurons in retinal ganglion cell layer after transient ischemia. Invest Ophthalmol","volume":"40","author":"Kurokawa","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib54","first-page":"398","article-title":"Osteopontin, a macrophage-derived matricellular glycoprotein, inhibits axon outgrowth","volume":"18","author":"Kury","year":"2004","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2004.04.001","article-title":"Got RIP? Presenilin-dependent intramembrane proteolysis in growth factor receptor signaling","volume":"15","author":"Landman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3323","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.05230.x","article-title":"Cooperative effects of bcl-2 and AAV-mediated expression of CNTF on retinal ganglion cell survival and axonal regeneration in adult transgenic mice","volume":"24","author":"Leaver","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(96)00476-9","article-title":"Expression of ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor-alpha messenger RNA in neonatal and adult rat brain: an in situ hybridization study","volume":"77","author":"Lee","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7537","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-17-07537.1999","article-title":"Inactivation of Rho signaling pathway promotes CNS axon regeneration","volume":"19","author":"Lehmann","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4615","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-12-04615.2000","article-title":"Lens injury stimulates axon regeneration in the mature rat optic nerve","volume":"20","author":"Leon","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20447","article-title":"Transformation of adult retina from the regenerative to the axonogenesis state activates specific genes in various subsets of neurons and glial cells","volume":"55","author":"Liedtke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.02.002","article-title":"GDNF, Ret, GFRalpha1 and 2 in the adult rat retino-tectal system after optic nerve transection","volume":"187","author":"Lindqvist","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh706","article-title":"Neurotrophic factor synergy is required for neuronal survival and disinhibited axon regeneration after CNS injury","volume":"129","author":"Logan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1006\/mcne.2002.1175","article-title":"Effect of lens lesion on neurite outgrowth of retinal ganglion cells in vitro","volume":"21","author":"Lorber","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2005.04034.x","article-title":"Lens injury stimulates adult mouse retinal ganglion cell axon regeneration via both macrophage-and lens-derived factors","volume":"21","author":"Lorber","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21545","article-title":"Different factors promote axonal regeneration of adult rat retinal ganglion cells after lens injury and intravitreal peripheral nerve grafting","volume":"86","author":"Lorber","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.22095","article-title":"Activated retinal glia promote neurite outgrowth of retinal ganglion cells via apolipoprotein E","volume":"87","author":"Lorber","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3031","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(98)00037-6","article-title":"Platelet-derived growth factor B-chain expression in the rat retina and optic nerve: distribution and changes after transection of the optic nerve","volume":"38","author":"Mekada","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)90695-J","article-title":"Intravitreal injections of neurotrophic factors support the survival of axotomized retinal ganglion-cells in adult-rats in vivo","volume":"602","author":"Mey","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21174","article-title":"Immunohistochemical localization of CNTFRalpha in adult mouse retina and optic nerve following intraorbital nerve crush: evidence for the axonal loss of a trophic factor receptor after injury","volume":"500","author":"Miotke","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0602325","article-title":"The many faces of macrophage activation","volume":"73","author":"Mosser","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3308","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm257","article-title":"Astrocyte-derived CNTF switches mature RGCs to a regenerative state following inflammatory stimulation","volume":"130","author":"Muller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2009.03.002","article-title":"Exogenous CNTF stimulates axon regeneration of retinal ganglion cells partially via endogenous CNTF","volume":"41","author":"Muller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2005.12.011","article-title":"Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) stimulates production of interleukin-6 in rat Muller cells","volume":"27","author":"Nakatani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1159\/000048323","article-title":"Gene expression of neurotrophins and their high-affinity Trk receptors in cultured human Muller cells","volume":"34","author":"Oku","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10806","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3532-04.2004","article-title":"Cellular mechanisms associated with spontaneous and ciliary neurotrophic factor-cAMP-induced survival and axonal regeneration of adult retinal ganglion cells","volume":"24","author":"Park","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2009.04.002","article-title":"Cytokine-induced SOCS expression is inhibited by cAMP analogue: impact on regeneration in injured retina","volume":"41","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl015","article-title":"Synergistic action of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and lens injury promotes retinal ganglion cell survival, but leads to optic nerve dystrophy in vivo","volume":"129","author":"Pernet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2004.08.075","article-title":"The role of Bax-inhibiting peptide in retinal ganglion cell apoptosis after optic nerve transection","volume":"372","author":"Qin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34948","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M401055200","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E receptors mediate neurite outgrowth through activation of p44\/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase in primary neurons","volume":"279","author":"Qiu","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(94)90565-7","article-title":"Nerve growth-factor reduces apoptosis of axotomized retinal ganglion-cells in the neonatal rat","volume":"63","author":"Rabacchi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib82","first-page":"87","article-title":"Macrophage-derived growth factors","volume":"181","author":"Rappolee","year":"1992","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/0923-2494(92)80040-R","article-title":"Nerve lesions induced by macrophage activation","volume":"143","author":"Said","year":"1992","journal-title":"Res. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10315","article-title":"Myelin-, reactive glia-, and scar-derived CNS axon growth inhibitors: expression, receptor signaling, and correlation with axon regeneration","volume":"46","author":"Sandvig","year":"2004","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/S1044-7431(03)00228-8","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor-2 gene delivery stimulates axon growth by adult retinal ganglion cells after acute optic nerve injury","volume":"24","author":"Sapieha","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.03.030","article-title":"Ciliary neurotrophic factor and its receptors are differentially expressed in the optic nerve transected adult rat retina","volume":"1013","author":"Sarup","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1080\/00207450490476138","article-title":"The effect of stimulated microglia conditioned media on BDNF gene expression of striatal astrocytes: quantification by real-time PCR","volume":"114","author":"Savli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-005-1152-7","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of cardiotrophin-like cytokine on retinal ganglion cells","volume":"243","author":"Schuettauf","year":"2005","journal-title":"Graefe Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-005-7936-7","article-title":"Muller cells as a source of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the retina: noradrenaline upregulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in cultured rat Muller cells","volume":"30","author":"Seki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1317.043","article-title":"PACAP stimulates the release of interleukin-6 in cultured rat Muller cells","volume":"1070","author":"Seki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20371","article-title":"Inflammation stimulates myelination by transplanted oligodendrocyte precursor cells","volume":"54","author":"Setzu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6865(99)00050-3","article-title":"The ciliary neurotrophic factor and its receptor, CNTFR alpha","volume":"74","author":"Sleeman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pharm. Acta Helv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2005.03.011","article-title":"Lens epithelium supports axonal regeneration of retinal ganglion cells in a coculture model in vitro","volume":"81","author":"Stupp","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2009.01.004","article-title":"Optimisation of siRNA-mediated RhoA silencing in neuronal cultures","volume":"40","author":"Suggate","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.3.1235","article-title":"Analysis of the sugar specificity and molecular location of the beta-glucan-binding lectin site of complement receptor type 3 (CD11b\/CD18)","volume":"156","author":"Thornton","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1177\/09680519030090030601","article-title":"Macrophage recognition of zymosan particles","volume":"9","author":"Underhill","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Endotoxin Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-3623(97)00361-3","article-title":"Immunohistochemical distribution of neurotrophins and their receptors in the rat retina and the effects of ischemia and reperfusion","volume":"30","author":"Vecino","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gen. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199608120-00028","article-title":"Mechanism of retinal ganglion cell loss in inherited retinal dystrophy","volume":"7","author":"Villegasperez","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.480240103","article-title":"Rapid and protracted phases of retinal ganglion-cell loss follow axotomy in the optic-nerve of adult-rats","volume":"24","author":"Villegasperez","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib100","first-page":"927","article-title":"Neurotrophic factors cause activation of intracellular signaling pathways in Muller cells and other cells of the inner retina, but not photoreceptors. Invest Ophthalmol","volume":"41","author":"Wahlin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e289","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0060289","article-title":"Gamma-secretase represents a therapeutic target for the treatment of invasive glioma mediated by the p75 neurotrophin receptor","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1038\/nn720","article-title":"Neurotrophins use the Erk5 pathway to mediate a retrograde survival response","volume":"4","author":"Watson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib103","first-page":"197","article-title":"Don't fence me in: harnessing the beneficial roles of astrocytes for spinal cord repair. Restor","volume":"26","author":"White","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.09.017","article-title":"Actions of neuropoietic cytokines and cyclic AMP in regenerative conditioning of rat primary sensory neurons","volume":"204","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4695(19990215)38:3<382::AID-NEU7>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) promotes the survival of axotomized retinal ganglion cells in adult rats: Comparison to and combination with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)","volume":"38","author":"Yan","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-06-02284.2003","article-title":"Macrophage-derived factors stimulate optic nerve regeneration","volume":"23","author":"Yin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1701","article-title":"Oncomodulin is a macrophage-derived signal for axon regeneration in retinal ganglion cells","volume":"9","author":"Yin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.04.037","article-title":"Different optic nerve injury sites result in different responses of retinal ganglion cells to brain-derived neurotrophic factor but not neurotrophin-4\/5","volume":"1047","author":"Zhi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res."}],"container-title":["Neurobiology of Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0969996109003106?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0969996109003106?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T05:05:03Z","timestamp":1760850303000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0969996109003106"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"references-count":107,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0969996109003106"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024","relation":{},"ISSN":["0969-9961"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0969-9961","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Optic nerve and vitreal inflammation are both RGC neuroprotective but only the latter is RGC axogenic","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurobiology of Disease","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.10.024","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}