{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T17:43:18Z","timestamp":1789148598474,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":172,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,11]],"date-time":"2021-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5T32NS096050-24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T32NS096050-24"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001454","name":"American Epilepsy Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001454","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurobiology of Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T00:13:09Z","timestamp":1626221589000},"page":"105445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Extracellular vesicles in the treatment of neurological disorders"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"157","author":[{"given":"Samantha L.","family":"Reed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Escayg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0005","first-page":"113","article-title":"Cerebrovascular disease in the community: results of a WHO collaborative study","volume":"58","author":"Aho","year":"1980","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1807","article-title":"Delivery of siRNA to the mouse brain by systemic injection of targeted exosomes","volume":"29","author":"Alvarez-Erviti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1159\/000210432","article-title":"Classification of stroke subtypes","volume":"27","author":"Amarenco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-6606-6-47","article-title":"Exosomes neutralize synaptic-plasticity-disrupting activity of Abeta assemblies in vivo","volume":"6","author":"An","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Brain."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.41.1.59","article-title":"Vesicles associated with calcification in the matrix of epiphyseal cartilage","volume":"41","author":"Anderson","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/52.6.1931","article-title":"Small, virus-like particles detected in bovine sera by electron microscopy","volume":"52","author":"Benz","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.03.209","article-title":"Suppression of tau propagation using an inhibitor that targets the DK-switch of nSMase2","volume":"499","author":"Bilousova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12220","article-title":"International consensus classification of hippocampal sclerosis in temporal lobe epilepsy: a Task Force report from the ILAE Commission on Diagnostic Methods","volume":"54","author":"Blumcke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsia."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2015.12.009","article-title":"Exosome derived from murine adipose-derived stromal cells: Neuroprotective effect on in vitro model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"340","author":"Bonafede","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8091087","article-title":"The Anti-Apoptotic Effect of ASC-Exosomes in an In Vitro ALS Model and Their Proteomic Analysis","volume":"8","author":"Bonafede","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21103651","article-title":"ASC-Exosomes Ameliorate the Disease Progression in SOD1(G93A) Murine Model Underlining Their Potential Therapeutic Use in Human ALS","volume":"21","author":"Bonafede","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-019-09865-y","article-title":"Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles and their Potential to Contribute to the Repair of Damaged CNS Cells","volume":"15","author":"Branscome","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. NeuroImmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2015.29","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles round off communication in the nervous system","volume":"17","author":"Budnik","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481321","DOI":"10.1080\/20013078.2018.1481321","article-title":"Evaluation of serum extracellular vesicle isolation methods for profiling miRNAs by next-generation sequencing","volume":"7","author":"Buschmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.01070","article-title":"ASCs-Exosomes Recover Coupling Efficiency and Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in an in vitro Model of ALS","volume":"13","author":"Calabria","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.3727\/096368911X627534","article-title":"Microvesicles derived from endothelial progenitor cells enhance neoangiogenesis of human pancreatic islets","volume":"21","author":"Cantaluppi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0085","first-page":"12","article-title":"Oligodendrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles as antigen-specific therapy for autoimmune neuroinflammation in mice","author":"Casella","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s12195-016-0458-3","article-title":"Elucidation of Exosome Migration across the Blood-Brain Barrier Model In Vitro","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Bioeng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74537","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.12902","article-title":"Intravenous administration of xenogenic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC) and ADMSC-derived exosomes markedly reduced brain infarct volume and preserved neurological function in rat after acute ischemic stroke","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2473-5","article-title":"Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells repair a Parkinson\u2019s disease model by inducing autophagy","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1002\/term.3002","article-title":"Astrocytes-derived exosomes induce neuronal recovery after traumatic brain injury via delivering gap junction alpha 1-20 k","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8121497","article-title":"Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promote Myelin Regeneration in an Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"8","author":"Clark","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2015.02.007","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles--Their role in the packaging and spread of misfolded proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"40","author":"Coleman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25978","article-title":"Systemic exosomal siRNA delivery reduced alpha-synuclein aggregates in brains of transgenic mice","volume":"29","author":"Cooper","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.3558","article-title":"Inflammation and neuroprotection in traumatic brain injury","volume":"72","author":"Corps","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0130","first-page":"527","article-title":"Progressive multiple sclerosis: from pathogenic mechanisms to treatment","volume":"140","author":"Correale","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(02)03050-0","article-title":"Inflammatory reactions in human medial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis","volume":"952","author":"Crespel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1602-5","article-title":"Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate neuroinflammation evoked by focal brain injury in rats","volume":"16","author":"Dabrowska","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/54.5.1137","article-title":"Microvesicles and vesicles of multivesicular bodies versus \u201cvirus-like\u201d particles","volume":"54","author":"Dalton","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"issue":"E5","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0150","first-page":"1","article-title":"An overview of the basic science of concussion and subconcussion: where we are and where we are going","volume":"33","author":"Dashnaw","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Focus."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2019.02.007","article-title":"Neuroimmune Crosstalk through Extracellular Vesicles in Health and Disease","volume":"42","author":"Delpech","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2017.00205","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Ameliorates Hippocampal Synaptic Impairment after Transient Global Ischemia","volume":"11","author":"Deng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2016.126","article-title":"Exosome-mediated Delivery of Hydrophobically Modified siRNA for Huntingtin mRNA Silencing","volume":"24","author":"Didiot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-018-2641-5","article-title":"Exosomes Isolated From Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviate Neuroinflammation and Reduce Amyloid-Beta Deposition by Modulating Microglial Activation in Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"43","author":"Ding","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.02.012","article-title":"Exosome reduction in vivo is associated with lower amyloid plaque load in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"35","author":"Dinkins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8653","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1429-16.2016","article-title":"Neutral Sphingomyelinase-2 Deficiency Ameliorates Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Pathology and Improves Cognition in the 5XFAD Mouse","volume":"36","author":"Dinkins","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2016.12.001","article-title":"Pathophysiology of Traumatic Brain Injury","volume":"28","author":"Dixon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Rehabil. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.5966\/sctm.2015-0078","article-title":"Extracellular Vesicles Improve Post-Stroke Neuroregeneration and Prevent Postischemic Immunosuppression","volume":"4","author":"Doeppner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8091059","article-title":"Intracerebral injection of extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells exerts reduced abeta plaque burden in early stages of a preclinical model of alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"Elia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-1211(96)00043-5","article-title":"Introduction to temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"26","author":"Engel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1177\/107385840100700410","article-title":"Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: what have we learned?","volume":"7","author":"Engel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroscientist."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1964.00460150003001","article-title":"Etiology and Pathogenesis of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy","volume":"10","author":"Falconer","year":"1964","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107207","article-title":"Intranasal administration of small extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells ameliorated the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"90","author":"Fathollahi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30499-X","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"18","author":"Feigin","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Lancet Neurology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2010.04143.x","article-title":"T cells in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"162","author":"Fletcher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2018.06.001","article-title":"Endothelial colony-forming cell-derived exosomes restore blood-brain barrier continuity in mice subjected to traumatic brain injury","volume":"307","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.13635","article-title":"DNA sequences within glioma-derived extracellular vesicles can cross the intact blood-brain barrier and be detected in peripheral blood of patients","volume":"8","author":"Garcia-Romero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2019.11.017","article-title":"Increased Microglial Exosomal miR-124-3p Alleviates Neurodegeneration and Improves Cognitive Outcome after rmTBI","volume":"28","author":"Ge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-019-00115-w","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells reduce microglial-mediated neuroinflammation after cortical injury in aged Rhesus monkeys","volume":"42","author":"Go","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geroscience."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2007.09.024","article-title":"Evidence for secretion of Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase via exosomes from a cell model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"428","author":"Gomes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3705","article-title":"Innate immune activation in neurodegenerative disease","volume":"14","author":"Heneka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-9-29","article-title":"Risk factors in the development of stem cell therapy","volume":"9","author":"Herberts","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-017-2595-9","article-title":"Current knowledge on exosome biogenesis and release","volume":"75","author":"Hessvik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2019.02.032","article-title":"Immunomodulatory properties of MSC-derived exosomes armed with high affinity aptamer toward mylein as a platform for reducing multiple sclerosis clinical score","volume":"299","author":"Hosseini Shamili","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2018.08.021","article-title":"Exosomes derived from PEDF modified adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulation of autophagy and apoptosis","volume":"371","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2399","article-title":"The immunology of stroke: from mechanisms to translation","volume":"17","author":"Iadecola","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3187","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww237","article-title":"Exosome secretion is a key pathway for clearance of pathological TDP-43","volume":"139","author":"Iguchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2019.08.010","article-title":"Systemic Exosomal Delivery of shRNA Minicircles Prevents Parkinsonian Pathology","volume":"27","author":"Izco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018","article-title":"NIA-AA Research Framework: Toward a biological definition of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Jack","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8779","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29721","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of extracellular vesicles from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"235","author":"Jafarinia","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.131045","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease: clinical features and diagnosis","volume":"79","author":"Jankovic","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2014.07.013","article-title":"Exosomes from dental pulp stem cells rescue human dopaminergic neurons from 6-hydroxy-dopamine-induced apoptosis","volume":"17","author":"Jarmalaviciute","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytotherapy."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1516-2","article-title":"Neuroinflammation: friend and foe for ischemic stroke","volume":"16","author":"Jayaraj","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2014.12.032","article-title":"Therapeutic window for cyclooxygenase-2 related anti-inflammatory therapy after status epilepticus","volume":"76","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1007\/s12265-013-9508-6","article-title":"Role of inflammation and its mediators in acute ischemic stroke","volume":"6","author":"Jin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Transl. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9412","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)48095-7","article-title":"Vesicle formation during reticulocyte maturation. Association of plasma membrane activities with released vesicles (exosomes)","volume":"262","author":"Johnstone","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2016.09.002","article-title":"Curcumin-loaded embryonic stem cell exosomes restored neurovascular unit following ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"79","author":"Kalani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61393-3","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"386","author":"Kalia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2014.01.022","article-title":"The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and the various related demyelinating syndromes: a critical review","volume":"48-49","author":"Karussis","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1038\/srep01197","article-title":"Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells secrete functional neprilysin-bound exosomes","volume":"3","author":"Katsuda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61156-7","article-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"377","author":"Kiernan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1021\/pr200682z","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of microvesicles derived from human mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1522297113","article-title":"Chromatographically isolated CD63+CD81+ extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stromal cells rescue cognitive impairments after TBI","volume":"113","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2020.04.020","article-title":"Comprehensive Molecular Profiles of Functionally Effective MSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Immunomodulation","volume":"28","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8545347","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8545347","article-title":"Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles: General Methodologies and Latest Trends","volume":"2018","author":"Konoshenko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.01.013","article-title":"Regulation of postsynaptic retrograde signaling by presynaptic exosome release","volume":"77","author":"Korkut","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021014-071641","article-title":"Exosomes: vehicles of intercellular signaling, biomarkers, and vectors of cell therapy","volume":"77","author":"Kourembanas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2010.11.004","article-title":"Release of exosomes from differentiated neurons and its regulation by synaptic glutamatergic activity","volume":"46","author":"Lachenal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scr.2009.12.003","article-title":"Exosome secreted by MSC reduces myocardial ischemia\/reperfusion injury","volume":"4","author":"Lai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0202590","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles derived from human mesenchymal stem cells in a model of progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Laso-Garcia","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.09.069","article-title":"Adipose-derived stem cell exosomes alleviate pathology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in vitro","volume":"479","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.18133","article-title":"Progress in Exosome Isolation Techniques","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Theranostics."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-019-02825-1","article-title":"Increases in miR-124-3p in Microglial Exosomes Confer Neuroprotective Effects by Targeting FIP200-Mediated Neuronal Autophagy Following Traumatic Brain Injury","volume":"44","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.12.001","article-title":"Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells attenuate inflammation and demyelination of the central nervous system in EAE rats by regulating the polarization of microglia","volume":"67","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15001","article-title":"Impact of neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles on mitochondrial dysfunction, sirtuin 1 level, and synaptic deficits in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"154","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0430","article-title":"Strategies to Optimize Adult Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0435","first-page":"4273290","article-title":"Rapid Enkephalin Delivery Using Exosomes to Promote Neurons Recovery in Ischemic Stroke by Inhibiting Neuronal p53\/Caspase-3","volume":"2019","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-019-02049-1","article-title":"Detrimental and protective action of microglial extracellular vesicles on myelin lesions: astrocyte involvement in remyelination failure","volume":"138","author":"Lombardi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E3536","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1703920114","article-title":"Intranasal MSC-derived A1-exosomes ease inflammation, and prevent abnormal neurogenesis and memory dysfunction after status epilepticus","volume":"114","author":"Long","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.4.907","article-title":"Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis: results of an international survey. National Multiple Sclerosis Society (USA) Advisory Committee on Clinical Trials of New Agents in Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"46","author":"Lublin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.3484","article-title":"Effects of neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles on neuronal protection and functional recovery in the rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion","volume":"38","author":"Mahdavipour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201646485","article-title":"Current multiple sclerosis treatments have improved our understanding of MS autoimmune pathogenesis","volume":"46","author":"Martin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15019","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles containing the transferrin receptor as nanocarriers of apotransferrin","volume":"155","author":"Mattera","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2012.08.022","article-title":"Rapid epileptogenesis in the mouse pilocarpine model: video-EEG, pharmacokinetic and histopathological characterization","volume":"238","author":"Mazzuferi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3385","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2226-19.2020","article-title":"Treatment with Mesenchymal-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Reduces Injury-Related Pathology in Pyramidal Neurons of Monkey Perilesional Ventral Premotor Cortex","volume":"40","author":"Medalla","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2010.05.017","article-title":"Position statement: definition of traumatic brain injury","volume":"91","author":"Menon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-019-0322-8","article-title":"Hippocampal stem cells promotes synaptic resistance to the dysfunctional impact of amyloid beta oligomers via secreted exosomes","volume":"14","author":"Micci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0490","first-page":"347","article-title":"Mesenchymal derived exosomes enhance recovery of motor function in a monkey model of cortical injury","volume":"37","author":"Moore","year":"2019","journal-title":"Restor. Neurol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.33594\/000000090","article-title":"Exosomes Treatment Mitigates Ischemic Brain Damage but Does Not Improve Post-Stroke Neurological Outcome","volume":"52","author":"Nalamolu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.18-0162","article-title":"Intranasal Administration of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Human Teeth Stem Cells Improves Motor Symptoms and Normalizes Tyrosine Hydroxylase Expression in the Substantia Nigra and Striatum of the 6-Hydroxydopamine-Treated Rats","volume":"8","author":"Narbute","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00014","article-title":"Exosomes Derived From Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Early Inflammatory Responses Following Traumatic Brain Injury","volume":"13","author":"Ni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000622","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis: clinical aspects","volume":"31","author":"Oh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44433","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44433","article-title":"White Matter Repair After Extracellular Vesicles Administration in an Experimental Animal Model of Subcortical Stroke","volume":"7","author":"Otero-Ortega","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.101.3.942","article-title":"Electron microscopic evidence for externalization of the transferrin receptor in vesicular form in sheep reticulocytes","volume":"101","author":"Pan","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-016-0243-1","article-title":"Microvascular endothelial cells-derived microvesicles imply in ischemic stroke by modulating astrocyte and blood brain barrier function and cerebral blood flow","volume":"9","author":"Pan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Brain."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2161","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-020-03076-1","article-title":"Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cell Derived Exosomes Potently Ameliorate Cognitive Dysfunction by Enhancing the Clearance of Abeta Through Up-Regulation of P-gp in Mouse Model of AD","volume":"45","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bib851","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1240-3","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA MALAT1 in exosomes drives regenerative function and modulates inflammation-linked networks following traumatic brain injury","volume":"15","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2019.06.019","article-title":"Astrocyte-derived exosomes suppress autophagy and ameliorate neuronal damage in experimental ischemic stroke","volume":"382","author":"Pei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bib852","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2020.1731649","article-title":"Astrocyte-derived exosomes transfer miR-190b to inhibit oxygen and glucose deprivation-induced autophagy and neuronal apoptosis","volume":"19","author":"Pei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-0333-7","article-title":"Protein transmission in neurodegenerative disease","volume":"16","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.03.047","article-title":"Long term beneficial effect of neurotrophic factors-secreting mesenchymal stem cells transplantation in the BTBR mouse model of autism","volume":"331","author":"Perets","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-018-0240-6","article-title":"Intranasal administration of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells ameliorates autistic-like behaviors of BTBR mice","volume":"9","author":"Perets","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Autism."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38743","DOI":"10.1038\/srep38743","article-title":"The secretome of periodontal ligament stem cells from MS patients protects against EAE","volume":"6","author":"Rajan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2015.44","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles: Toward Cell-free Therapeutic Applications","volume":"23","author":"Rani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201211138","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles: exosomes, microvesicles, and friends","volume":"200","author":"Raposo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2007.08.012","article-title":"Innate and adaptive immunity during epileptogenesis and spontaneous seizures: evidence from experimental models and human temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"29","author":"Ravizza","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2011.2","article-title":"Epidemiology of Alzheimer disease","volume":"7","author":"Reitz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2019.07.008","article-title":"Exosomal DNA Aptamer Targeting alpha-Synuclein Aggregates Reduced Neuropathological Deficits in a Mouse Parkinson's Disease Model","volume":"17","author":"Ren","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Ther Nucleic Acids."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3584","article-title":"State of play in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis genetics","volume":"17","author":"Renton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.255978","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes promote neurogenesis and cognitive function recovery in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Reza-Zaldivar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52001-2.00008-X","article-title":"The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS: utility for understanding disease pathophysiology and treatment","volume":"122","author":"Robinson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2017.04.004","article-title":"Alpha-synuclein: Pathology, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"109","author":"Rocha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1066","article-title":"Protein aggregation and neurodegenerative disease","volume":"10","author":"Ross","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105313442207","article-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"344","author":"Rowland","year":"2001","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2017.07.001","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles: Novel promising delivery systems for therapy of brain diseases","volume":"262","author":"Rufino-Ramos","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2008.0586","article-title":"Classification of traumatic brain injury for targeted therapies","volume":"25","author":"Saatman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0b013e318296aeca","article-title":"An updated definition of stroke for the 21st century: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association","volume":"44","author":"Sacco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2019.00200","article-title":"Inhibition of nSMase2 Reduces the Transfer of Oligomeric alpha-Synuclein Irrespective of Hypoxia","volume":"12","author":"Sackmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0635","first-page":"505","volume":"388","author":"Scheltens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease. The Lancet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1530","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Promotes Neurogenesis and Ameliorates Autism Related Behaviors in BTBR Mice","volume":"9","author":"Segal-Gavish","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autism Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-020-02977-5","article-title":"Astrocyte-Derived Exosomal microRNA miR-200a-3p Prevents MPP(+)-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death Through Down-Regulation of MKK4","volume":"45","author":"Shakespear","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-014-1314-y","article-title":"Plasma exosomal alpha-synuclein is likely CNS-derived and increased in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"128","author":"Shi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1800","article-title":"Glioblastoma microvesicles transport RNA and proteins that promote tumour growth and provide diagnostic biomarkers","volume":"10","author":"Skog","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2910","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.30879","article-title":"M2 microglia-derived exosomes protect the mouse brain from ischemia-reperfusion injury via exosomal miR-124","volume":"9","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theranostics."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-019-00753-4","article-title":"Neural Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles Disrupt Midline Shift Predictive Outcomes in Porcine Ischemic Stroke Model","volume":"11","author":"Spellicy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Stroke Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12922","article-title":"Inflammation in CNS neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"154","author":"Stephenson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2019.6443","article-title":"Extracellular Vesicles Mediate Neuroprotection and Functional Recovery after Traumatic Brain Injury","volume":"37","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90585-E","article-title":"A novel gene containing a trinucleotide repeat that is expanded and unstable on Huntington\u2019s disease chromosomes","volume":"72","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/20013078.2018.1535750","article-title":"Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines","volume":"7","author":"Thery","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12150","article-title":"Review: Hippocampal sclerosis in epilepsy: a neuropathology review","volume":"40","author":"Thom","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/91826","article-title":"IL-4-polarized BV2 microglia cells promote angiogenesis by secreting exosomes","volume":"28","author":"Tian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a009316","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a009316","article-title":"A guide to neurotoxic animal models of Parkinson's disease","volume":"1","author":"Tieu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2012.0266","article-title":"Transfer of growth factor receptor mRNA via exosomes unravels the regenerative effect of mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"22","author":"Tomasoni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-9-52","article-title":"Clinical trials for stem cell therapies","volume":"9","author":"Trounson","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809064","DOI":"10.1080\/20013078.2020.1809064","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles from human iPSC-derived neural stem cells: miRNA and protein signatures, and anti-inflammatory and neurogenic properties","volume":"9","author":"Upadhya","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2016.02.006","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles for drug delivery","volume":"106","author":"Vader","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2017.125","article-title":"Shedding light on the cell biology of extracellular vesicles","volume":"19","author":"van Niel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2865","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.025371","article-title":"MiR-126 Mediates Brain Endothelial Cell Exosome Treatment-Induced Neurorestorative Effects After Stroke in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Mice","volume":"50","author":"Venkat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2010.178","article-title":"The role of inflammation in epilepsy","volume":"7","author":"Vezzani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.21666","article-title":"Ethical and Safety Issues of Stem Cell-Based Therapy","volume":"15","author":"Volarevic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00141-6","article-title":"Innate and adaptive immune responses in the CNS","volume":"14","author":"Waisman","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Lancet Neurology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.12.021","article-title":"Minocycline inhibits brain inflammation and attenuates spontaneous recurrent seizures following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus","volume":"287","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1080\/14737159.2018.1428089","article-title":"An update on diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for traumatic brain injury","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert. Rev. Mol. Diagn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.020353","article-title":"Human Neural Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles Improve Recovery in a Porcine Model of Ischemic Stroke","volume":"49","author":"Webb","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-017-0599-2","article-title":"Human Neural Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles Improve Tissue and Functional Recovery in the Murine Thromboembolic Stroke Model","volume":"9","author":"Webb","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl. Stroke Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26316","DOI":"10.3402\/jev.v4.26316","article-title":"Extracellular vesicle in vivo biodistribution is determined by cell source, route of administration and targeting","volume":"4","author":"Wiklander","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.5711","article-title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Provide Neuroprotection and Improve Long-Term Neurologic Outcomes in a Swine Model of Traumatic Brain Injury and Hemorrhagic Shock","volume":"36","author":"Williams","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002563","article-title":"Early single-dose treatment with exosomes provides neuroprotection and improves blood-brain barrier integrity in swine model of traumatic brain injury and hemorrhagic shock","volume":"88","author":"Williams","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Trauma Acute Care Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5956","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.33872","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as a nanotherapeutic agent for amelioration of inflammation-induced astrocyte alterations in mice","volume":"9","author":"Xian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theranostics."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.152","article-title":"Systemic administration of exosomes released from mesenchymal stromal cells promote functional recovery and neurovascular plasticity after stroke in rats","volume":"33","author":"Xin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2737","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1409","article-title":"MiR-133b promotes neural plasticity and functional recovery after treatment of stroke with multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in rats via transfer of exosome-enriched extracellular particles","volume":"31","author":"Xin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27066","DOI":"10.3402\/jev.v4.27066","article-title":"Biological properties of extracellular vesicles and their physiological functions","volume":"4","author":"Yanez-Mo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-018-02714-z","article-title":"MiR-124 Enriched Exosomes Promoted the M2 Polarization of Microglia and Enhanced Hippocampus Neurogenesis After Traumatic Brain Injury by Inhibiting TLR4 Pathway","volume":"44","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0810","article-title":"The Regulatory Functionality of Exosomes Derived from hUMSCs in 3D Culture for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Small."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2019.104512","article-title":"Emerging roles of extracellular vesicles in neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"130","author":"You","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI81134","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles and intercellular communication within the nervous system","volume":"126","author":"Zappulli","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2013.0479","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells secrete immunologically active exosomes","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.11.JNS14770","article-title":"Effect of exosomes derived from multipluripotent mesenchymal stromal cells on functional recovery and neurovascular plasticity in rats after traumatic brain injury","volume":"122","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2016.08.003","article-title":"Systemic administration of cell-free exosomes generated by human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells cultured under 2D and 3D conditions improves functional recovery in rats after traumatic brain injury","volume":"111","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-020-02998-0","article-title":"MSCs-Derived Exosomes Attenuate Acute Brain Injury and Inhibit Microglial Inflammation by Reversing CysLT2R-ERK1\/2 Mediated Microglia M1 Polarization","volume":"45","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1504","article-title":"Human mesenchymal stem cell microvesicles for treatment of Escherichia coli endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in mice","volume":"32","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445_bb0850","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-021-00776-9","article-title":"Pharmacological inhibition of nSMase2 reduces brain exosome release and alpha-synuclein pathology in a Parkinson\u2019s disease model","volume":"14","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Brain."}],"container-title":["Neurobiology of Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0969996121001947?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0969996121001947?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T05:28:05Z","timestamp":1760851685000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0969996121001947"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":172,"alternative-id":["S0969996121001947"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445","relation":{},"ISSN":["0969-9961"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0969-9961","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Extracellular vesicles in the treatment of neurological disorders","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurobiology of Disease","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2021.105445","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105445"}}