{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T02:17:47Z","timestamp":1793758667640,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82271273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82271273"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurobiology of Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,9]],"date-time":"2025-03-09T12:19:19Z","timestamp":1741522759000},"page":"106868","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Microstructural and functional abnormalities of the locus coeruleus in freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"208","author":[{"given":"Huimin","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caiting","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingyue","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongsheng","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenhui","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xufeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youyong","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kezhong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2007.05.011","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging of the brain","volume":"4","author":"Alexander","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.160580","article-title":"Freezing of gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a perceptual cause for a motor impairment?","volume":"81","author":"Almeida","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20723","article-title":"Adaptive gain and the role of the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system in optimal performance","volume":"493","author":"Aston-Jones","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5064","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22994","article-title":"Brain structural and functional connectivity in Parkinson\u2019s disease with freezing of gait","volume":"36","author":"Canu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.08.001","article-title":"A locus coeruleus-dorsal CA1 dopaminergic circuit modulates memory linking","volume":"110","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9320","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-21-09320.2002","article-title":"Dopamine activates noradrenergic receptors in the preoptic area","volume":"22","author":"Cornil","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2022.06.060","article-title":"Dopamine","volume":"32","author":"Costa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curre. Biol.\u202f: CB."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.11.017","article-title":"Spatial information in a non-retinotopic visual cortex","volume":"97","author":"Fournier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2024.04.001","article-title":"Locus coeruleus norepinephrine contributes to visual-spatial attention by selectively enhancing perceptual sensitivity","volume":"112","author":"Ghosh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3077","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa238","article-title":"Brain-first versus body-first Parkinson\u2019s disease: a multimodal imaging case-control study","volume":"143","author":"Horsager","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.09.053","article-title":"Optimization of a free water elimination two-compartment model for diffusion tensor imaging","volume":"103","author":"Hoy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.731332","article-title":"Gait-related brain activation during motor imagery of complex and simple ambulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease with freezing of gait","volume":"13","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2012.53","article-title":"Noninvasive molecular imaging of neuroinflammation","volume":"32","author":"Jacobs","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.06.012","article-title":"In vivo mapping of the human locus coeruleus","volume":"47","author":"Keren","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad338","article-title":"Noradrenergic alterations in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a combined 11C-yohimbine PET\/neuromelanin MRI study","volume":"147","author":"Laurencin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858414559101","article-title":"The next step: a common neural mechanism for freezing of gait","volume":"22","author":"Lewis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27682","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment in de novo Parkinson\u2019s disease: a neuromelanin MRI study in locus coeruleus","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106048","article-title":"Levodopa responsive freezing of gait is associated with reduced norepinephrine transporter binding in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"179","author":"McKay","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.200X.097923","article-title":"Cueing training in the home improves gait-related mobility in Parkinson\u2019s disease: the RESCUE trial","volume":"78","author":"Nieuwboer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.31083\/j.fbl2903118","article-title":"Locus Coeruleus-Norepinephrine System: Spheres of Influence and Contribution to the Development of Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"29","author":"Nikolenko","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70143-0","article-title":"Freezing of gait: moving forward on a mysterious clinical phenomenon","volume":"10","author":"Nutt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0110","first-page":"5430920","article-title":"Freezing of gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease is associated with reduced 6-[(18)F]Fluoro-l-m-tyrosine uptake in the locus Coeruleus","volume":"2016","author":"Ono","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parkinsons Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0115","first-page":"57","article-title":"Locus coeruleus: implications for psychiatry","volume":"41","author":"Orellana Vidal","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Psiquiatr. Psicol. Am. Lat."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.11.016","article-title":"Uptake of environmental toxicants by the locus ceruleus: a potential trigger for neurodegenerative, demyelinating and psychiatric disorders","volume":"82","author":"Pamphlett","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22055","article-title":"Free water elimination and mapping from diffusion MRI","volume":"62","author":"Pasternak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2015.05.034","article-title":"In vivo imaging of neuroinflammation in schizophrenia","volume":"173","author":"Pasternak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26424","article-title":"MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"30","author":"Postuma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac127","article-title":"Free-water imaging of the cholinergic basal forebrain and pedunculopontine nucleus in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"146","author":"Ray","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2007.01.036","article-title":"Norepinephrine: the redheaded stepchild of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"74","author":"Rommelfanger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt049","article-title":"Exploring the cortical and subcortical functional magnetic resonance imaging changes associated with freezing in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"136","author":"Shine","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26133","article-title":"Freezing of gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease is related to impaired motor switching during stepping","volume":"30","author":"Smulders","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28999","article-title":"The contribution of noradrenergic activity to anxiety-induced freezing of gait","volume":"37","author":"Taylor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2649","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23429","article-title":"Systematic review of levodopa dose equivalency reporting in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"25","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26306","article-title":"Cortical correlates of gait compensation strategies in Parkinson disease","volume":"91","author":"Tosserams","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-023-00347-z","article-title":"Modulating arousal to overcome gait impairments in Parkinson\u2019s disease: how the noradrenergic system may act as a double-edged sword","volume":"12","author":"Tosserams","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.07.037","article-title":"The locus Coeruleus is a complex and differentiated Neuromodulatory system","volume":"99","author":"Totah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2019.02.012","article-title":"Neuronal mechanisms of motion detection underlying blindsight assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)","volume":"128","author":"Tran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.09.022","article-title":"Radial astrocyte synchronization modulates the visual system during behavioral-state transitions","volume":"111","author":"Uribe-Arias","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060935","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1060935","article-title":"Neuromelanin magnetic resonance imaging of substantia nigra and locus coeruleus in Parkinson\u2019s disease with freezing of gait","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903360304","article-title":"Topographic organization of rat locus coeruleus and dorsal raphe nuclei: distribution of cells projecting to visual system structures","volume":"336","author":"Waterhouse","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz314","article-title":"Freezing of gait: understanding the complexity of an enigmatic phenomenon","volume":"143","author":"Weiss","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6633","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15439","article-title":"Disorganized resting-state functional connectivity between the dorsal attention network and intrinsic networks in Parkinson\u2019s disease with freezing of gait","volume":"54","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000209220","article-title":"Free-Water Imaging of the Nucleus Basalis of Meynert in Patients With Idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder and Parkinson Disease","volume":"102","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Neurobiology of Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0969996125000841?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0969996125000841?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T13:12:22Z","timestamp":1762348342000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0969996125000841"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0969996125000841"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868","relation":{},"ISSN":["0969-9961"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0969-9961","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Microstructural and functional abnormalities of the locus coeruleus in freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurobiology of Disease","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106868","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106868"}}