{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:55:47Z","timestamp":1790686547200,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":175,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TL1-TR002016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TL1-TR002016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-NS113912-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-NS113912-05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F31-NS137783"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F31-NS137783"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurobiology of Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T07:09:35Z","timestamp":1777964975000},"page":"107434","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Reimagining the contribution of iron in Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"225","author":[{"given":"Rebecka O.","family":"Serpa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Tufano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2011.043018","article-title":"A pilot trial of deferiprone for neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation","volume":"96","author":"Abbruzzese","year":"2011","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.1c00693","article-title":"Surface plasmon resonance identifies high-affinity binding of l-DOPA to siderocalin\/lipocalin-2 through iron\u2013siderophore action: implications for Parkinson\u2019s disease treatment","volume":"13","author":"Alhassen","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S434123","article-title":"Age at natural menopause and influencing factors in women attending the gynecological outpatient clinic at a tertiary care hospital","volume":"15","author":"Ali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2024.103577","article-title":"Increased iron in the substantia nigra pars compacta identifies patients with early Parkinson\u2019s disease: a 3T and 7T MRI study","volume":"41","author":"Alushaj","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-025-00916-1","article-title":"Midbrain and pallidal iron changes identify patients with REM sleep behaviour disorder and Parkinson's disease","volume":"11","author":"Alushaj","year":"2025","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2011.01.029","article-title":"Lysosomal dysfunction increases exosome-mediated alpha-synuclein release and transmission","volume":"42","author":"Alvarez-Erviti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2010.12.020","article-title":"Alpha-synuclein release by neurons activates the inflammatory response in a microglial cell line","volume":"69","author":"Alvarez-Erviti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2025.144348","article-title":"The neurotoxicity of pesticides: implications for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"377","author":"Amaral","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2781","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-020-0542-z","article-title":"Alpha synuclein aggregation drives ferroptosis: an interplay of iron, calcium and lipid peroxidation","volume":"27","author":"Angelova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6b07607","article-title":"Re-engineering extracellular vesicles as smart nanoscale therapeutics","volume":"11","author":"Armstrong","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-022-00345-9","article-title":"Regulation of brain iron uptake by apo- and holo-transferrin is dependent on sex and delivery protein","volume":"19","author":"Baringer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0060","article-title":"Apo- and holo- transferrin differentially interact with ferroportin and hephaestin to regulate iron release at the blood-brain barrier","author":"Baringer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Res. Sq."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2006.02.005","article-title":"Brain ferritin iron may influence age- and gender-related risks of neurodegeneration","volume":"28","author":"Bartzokis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1504-18.2018","article-title":"Chronic energy depletion due to iron deficiency impairs dendritic mitochondrial motility during hippocampal neuron development","volume":"39","author":"Bastian","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.23.020102.075739","article-title":"Iron status and neural functioning","volume":"23","author":"Beard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(94)90323-9","article-title":"Altered monamine metabolism in caudate-putamen of iron-deficient rats","volume":"48","author":"Beard","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.4.1174","article-title":"Neonatal iron deficiency results in irreversible changes in dopamine function in rats","volume":"133","author":"Beard","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00124","article-title":"Exosomes: vehicles for the transfer of toxic proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases?","volume":"3","author":"Bellingham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2008.05358.x","article-title":"Iron deficiency alters dopamine uptake and response to L-DOPA injection in Sprague-Dawley rats","volume":"106","author":"Bianco","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14676","article-title":"L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) modulates brain iron, dopaminergic neurodegeneration and motor dysfunction in iron overload and mutant alpha-synuclein mouse models of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"150","author":"Billings","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2010.03.044","article-title":"Dopamine quinones interact with alpha-synuclein to form unstructured adducts","volume":"394","author":"Bisaglia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2015.00091","article-title":"Oxidative stress and Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"9","author":"Blesa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Neuroanat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2038","article-title":"Microglia-mediated neurotoxicity: uncovering the molecular mechanisms","volume":"8","author":"Block","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(02)01356-4","article-title":"Mitochondria from females exhibit higher antioxidant gene expression and lower oxidative damage than males","volume":"34","author":"Borr\u00e1s","year":"2003","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)00398-1","article-title":"The Cys282Tyr polymorphism in the HFE gene in Australian Parkinson\u2019s disease patients","volume":"327","author":"Buchanan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam9080","article-title":"Dopamine oxidation mediates mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"357","author":"Burbulla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14186","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M700827200","article-title":"Mitochondria are a major source of paraquat-induced reactive oxygen species production in the brain","volume":"282","author":"Castello","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8138","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0319-07.2007","article-title":"Reduced vesicular storage of dopamine causes progressive nigrostriatal neurodegeneration","volume":"27","author":"Caudle","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2024.106528","article-title":"To what extent may aminochrome increase the vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons in the context of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"168","author":"Chagraoui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12040955","article-title":"Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in Parkinson\u2019s disease: the role of dopamine oxidation products","volume":"12","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3602-07.2008","article-title":"Unregulated cytosolic dopamine causes neurodegeneration associated with oxidative stress in mice","volume":"28","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2019.06.024","article-title":"Interactions between iron and \u03b1-synuclein pathology in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"141","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X18783372","article-title":"Endothelial cells are critical regulators of iron transport in a model of the human blood-brain barrier","volume":"39","author":"Chiou","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14834","article-title":"Transferrin and H-ferritin involvement in brain iron acquisition during postnatal development: impact of sex and genotype","volume":"152","author":"Chiou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-016-0679-1","article-title":"\u03b1-synuclein-carrying extracellular vesicles in Parkinson\u2019s disease: deadly transmitters","volume":"117","author":"Chistiakov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Belg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4268","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61153-5","article-title":"Anemia and the risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease in Korean older adults: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"10","author":"Cho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490370405","article-title":"Isoforms of ferritin have a specific cellular distribution in the brain","volume":"37","author":"Connor","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1995.65020717.x","article-title":"A quantitative analysis of isoferritins in select regions of aged, Parkinsonian, and Alzheimer\u2019s diseased brains","volume":"65","author":"Connor","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1063522","article-title":"Kinetic stabilization of the alpha-synuclein protofibril by a dopamine-alpha-synuclein adduct","volume":"294","author":"Conway","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1129462","article-title":"Alpha-synuclein blocks ER-Golgi traffic and Rab1 rescues neuron loss in Parkinson\u2019s models","volume":"313","author":"Cooper","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0205","article-title":"Sex-dimorphic effects of neuromelanin buildup in rodent nigral dopamine neurons: implications for sex-biased vulnerability in Parkinson\u2019s disease","author":"D\u2019Addario","year":"2025","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2010.12.017","article-title":"Tyrosine hydroxylase and regulation of dopamine synthesis","volume":"508","author":"Daubner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2016.11.007","article-title":"Lower hemoglobin levels in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease are associated with disease severity and iron metabolism","volume":"1655","author":"Deng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2025.167960","article-title":"Multifaceted roles of extracellular vesicles in the interplay of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"1871","author":"Deng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. basis Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2013.5593","article-title":"Targeting chelatable iron as a therapeutic modality in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"21","author":"Devos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2209254","article-title":"Trial of deferiprone in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"387","author":"Devos","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1177\/1877718X241300295","article-title":"Therapeutic modalities of deferiprone in Parkinson\u2019s disease: SKY and EMBARK studies","volume":"15","author":"Devos","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.1416","article-title":"The role of iron and reactive oxygen species in cell death","volume":"10","author":"Dixon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2016.05.011","article-title":"Ferroptosis, a newly characterized form of cell death in Parkinson\u2019s disease that is regulated by PKC","volume":"94","author":"Do Van","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0250","article-title":"Stress-induced dysregulation of brain iron metabolism and its links to neurological disorders","volume":"14","author":"Dong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol.-Basel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30295-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of Parkinson\u2019s disease, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016","volume":"17","author":"Dorsey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(25)00287-X","article-title":"Environmental toxicants and Parkinson\u2019s disease: recent evidence, risks, and prevention opportunities","volume":"24","author":"Dorsey","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(03)00293-4","article-title":"Iron-binding characteristics of neuromelanin of the human substantia nigra","volume":"66","author":"Double","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.70073","article-title":"Glutathione metabolism of the brain-the role of astrocytes","volume":"169","author":"Dringen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2570","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-014-1481-1","article-title":"Glutathione-dependent detoxification processes in astrocytes","volume":"40","author":"Dringen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29062","article-title":"Dynamics of nigral iron accumulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease: from diagnosis to late stage","volume":"37","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-016-9952-2","article-title":"Iron uptake and transport across physiological barriers","volume":"29","author":"Duck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biometals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.10.083","article-title":"Regulatory mechanisms for iron transport across the blood-brain barrier","volume":"494","author":"Duck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2831","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.11.2831","article-title":"Iron deficiency alters dopamine transporter functioning in rat striatum","volume":"130","author":"Erikson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(01)00563-9","article-title":"Iron deficiency decreases dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in rat brain","volume":"69","author":"Erikson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00474","article-title":"Challenges and opportunities of deferoxamine delivery for treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2019s disease, and intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"18","author":"Farr","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2016.1190072","article-title":"Iron overload causes endolysosomal deficits modulated by NAADP-regulated 2-pore channels and RAB7A","volume":"12","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0315","first-page":"26","article-title":"Iron deficiency in menstruating adult women: much more than anemia","volume":"1","author":"Fernandez-Jimenez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Womens Health Rep. (New Rochelle)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.6b00231","article-title":"Synthesis, structure characterization, and evaluation in microglia cultures of neuromelanin analogues suitable for modeling Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"Ferrari","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26716","article-title":"Functional role of endothelial transferrin receptor 1 in iron sensing and homeostasis","volume":"97","author":"Fisher","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00010-19","article-title":"Iron supply via NCOA4-mediated ferritin degradation maintains mitochondrial functions","volume":"39","author":"Fujimaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03341.x","article-title":"Novel multifunctional neuroprotective iron chelator-monoamine oxidase inhibitor drugs for neurodegenerative diseases. In vivo selective brain monoamine oxidase inhibition and prevention of MPTP-induced striatal dopamine depletion","volume":"95","author":"Gal","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0340","series-title":"J. Neural Transm. Suppl.","first-page":"447","article-title":"M30, a novel multifunctional neuroprotective drug with potent iron chelating and brain selective monoamine oxidase-ab inhibitory activity for Parkinson\u2019s disease","author":"Gal","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2025.2472871","article-title":"Role of iron in brain development, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"57","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e713","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(23)00160-6","article-title":"Prevalence, years lived with disability, and trends in anaemia burden by severity and cause, 1990\u20132021: findings from the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"10","author":"Gardner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaf212","article-title":"Early brain iron changes in Parkinson\u2019s disease and isolated rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder: a four-year longitudinal multimodal quantitative MRI study","volume":"7","author":"Gaurav","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-895X(25)13535-9","article-title":"Oxidative pathways for catecholamines in the genesis of neuromelanin and cytotoxic quinones","volume":"14","author":"Graham","year":"1978","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2017.01.004","article-title":"Ferroptosis and cell death mechanisms in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"104","author":"Guiney","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-025-01436-x","article-title":"Transferrin receptors","volume":"57","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-05-1812","article-title":"Prevalence of anemia in persons 65 years and older in the United States: evidence for a high rate of unexplained anemia","volume":"104","author":"Guralnik","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.202928","article-title":"Neuromelanin, one of the most overlooked molecules in modern medicine, is not a spectator","volume":"12","author":"Haining","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0385","series-title":"Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine","author":"Halliwell","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww022","article-title":"Iron and dopamine: a toxic couple","volume":"139","author":"Hare","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-04131-9","article-title":"Two-step screening method to identify \u03b1-synuclein aggregation inhibitors for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Hideshima","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep29651","article-title":"Newly diagnosed anemia increases risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease: a population-based cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Hong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147947","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging features of the nigrostriatal system: biomarkers of Parkinson\u2019s disease stages?","volume":"11","author":"Hopes","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-021-00547-4","article-title":"Impairment of neuronal mitochondrial function by l-DOPA in the absence of oxygen-dependent auto-oxidation and oxidative cell damage","volume":"7","author":"H\u00f6rmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.995084","article-title":"Iron metabolism mediates microglia susceptibility in ferroptosis","volume":"16","author":"Jiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0420","first-page":"1204","article-title":"Disruption of dopamine homeostasis associated with alteration of proteins in synaptic vesicles: a putative central mechanism of Parkinson\u2019s disease pathogenesis","volume":"15","author":"Jin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.75825","article-title":"Iron status influences mitochondrial disease progression in complex I-deficient mice","volume":"12","author":"Kelly","year":"2023","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0430","article-title":"The association between anemia and Parkinson\u2019s disease: a nested case-control study using a national health screening cohort","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0435","article-title":"The crucial role of the blood-brain barrier in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanisms of disruption and therapeutic implications","volume":"14","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12060779","article-title":"Changes in tyrosine hydroxylase activity and dopamine synthesis in the nigrostriatal system of mice in an acute model of Parkinson\u2019s disease as a manifestation of neurodegeneration and neuroplasticity","volume":"12","author":"Kolacheva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01791-8","article-title":"Misfolding and aggregation in neurodegenerative diseases: protein quality control machinery as potential therapeutic clearance pathways","volume":"22","author":"Kosz\u0142a","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.9198","article-title":"Proximity to golf courses and risk of Parkinson disease","volume":"8","author":"Krzyzanowski","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12030595","article-title":"The iron metabolism with a specific focus on the functioning of the nervous system","volume":"12","author":"Kulaszy\u0144ska","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8819","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53168-7","article-title":"Modelling human neuronal catecholaminergic pigmentation in rodents recapitulates age-related neurodegenerative deficits","volume":"15","author":"Laguna","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.4c00559","article-title":"Inhibition of the Parkinson\u2019s disease-related protein DJ-1 by endogenous neurotoxins of the 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline family","volume":"16","author":"Laurent","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-04-01484.1999","article-title":"Dopamine quinone formation and protein modification associated with the striatal neurotoxicity of methamphetamine: evidence against a role for extracellular dopamine","volume":"19","author":"LaVoie","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2024.11.019","article-title":"Safeguarding the brain from oxidative damage","volume":"226","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02399-z","article-title":"Iron imbalance in neurodegeneration","volume":"29","author":"Levi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/17590914221133236","article-title":"New target for prevention and treatment of neuroinflammation: microglia iron accumulation and ferroptosis","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"ASN Neuro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0490","article-title":"Oxidative stress: signaling pathways, biological functions, and disease","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"MedComm (2020)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-025-00911-6","article-title":"Nigrostriatal iron accumulation in the progression of Parkinson's disease","volume":"11","author":"L\u00f3pez-Aguirre","year":"2025","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2006.08.004","article-title":"Iron deficiency and brain development","volume":"13","author":"Lozoff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Semin. Pediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26094451","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in genetic and non-genetic Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"26","author":"Lucchesi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13148","article-title":"Quantitative proteomics identifies NCOA4 as the cargo receptor mediating ferritinophagy","volume":"509","author":"Mancias","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01402-2","article-title":"Brain iron chelation by deferiprone in a phase 2 randomised double-blinded placebo controlled clinical trial in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Martin-Bastida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-014-1771-4","article-title":"Iron transport across the blood-brain barrier: development, neurovascular regulation and cerebral amyloid angiopathy","volume":"72","author":"McCarthy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03088.x","article-title":"Role of oxidative stress in paraquat-induced dopaminergic cell degeneration","volume":"93","author":"McCormack","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12704","article-title":"Iron accumulation in microglia triggers a cascade of events that leads to altered metabolism and compromised function in APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"29","author":"McIntosh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3900","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.7b00024","article-title":"Iron oxidation and core formation in recombinant heteropolymeric human ferritins","volume":"56","author":"Mehlenbacher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2013.12.010","article-title":"Dietary administration of paraquat for 13weeks does not result in a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of C57BL\/6J mice","volume":"68","author":"Minnema","year":"2014","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2007.04976.x","article-title":"Iron trafficking inside the brain","volume":"103","author":"Moos","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0550","article-title":"The neuromelanin paradox and its dual role in oxidative stress and neurodegeneration","volume":"10","author":"Moreno-Garc\u00eda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.01.033","article-title":"Interplay between cytosolic dopamine, calcium, and alpha-synuclein causes selective death of substantia nigra neurons","volume":"62","author":"Mosharov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.01.017","article-title":"The relationship between heavy menstrual bleeding, iron deficiency, and iron deficiency anemia","volume":"229","author":"Munro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14607","article-title":"Efficacy of the iron-chelating agent, deferiprone, in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Negida","year":"2024","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2282","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/127.12.2282","article-title":"In vivo dopamine metabolism is altered in iron-deficient anemic rats1","volume":"127","author":"Nelson","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000262033.01945.9a","article-title":"Individual dopaminergic neurons show raised iron levels in Parkinson disease","volume":"68","author":"Oakley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6048","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-16-06048.2000","article-title":"The A53T alpha-synuclein mutation increases iron-dependent aggregation and toxicity","volume":"20","author":"Ostrerova-Golts","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2022.102868","article-title":"Exosomes are involved in iron transport from human blood-brain barrier endothelial cells and are modified by endothelial cell iron status","volume":"299","author":"Palsa","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0590","first-page":"974","article-title":"Role of dietary iron revisited: in metabolism, ferroptosis and pathophysiology of cancer","volume":"12","author":"Pandrangi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyae004","article-title":"Agricultural paraquat dichloride use and Parkinson\u2019s disease in California\u2019s central valley","volume":"53","author":"Paul","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/c4d81646-0c0e-4a3e-9425-b220bae2d8b6","article-title":"Serum iron levels and the risk of Parkinson disease: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"10","author":"Pichler","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-017-3099-y","article-title":"Iron metabolism and its detection through MRI in parkinsonian disorders: a systematic review","volume":"38","author":"Pietracupa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1177\/107385840000600607","article-title":"Iron in the brain: an important contributor in normal and diseased states","volume":"6","author":"Pi\u00f1ero","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2017.00145","article-title":"Iron-restricted diet affects brain ferritin levels, dopamine metabolism and cellular prion protein in a region-specific manner","volume":"10","author":"Pino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2013.00013","article-title":"The energy cost of action potential propagation in dopamine neurons: clues to susceptibility in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Pissadaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Comput. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.4.2237","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of microglia-derived exosomes: metabolic role of the aminopeptidase CD13 in neuropeptide catabolism","volume":"175","author":"Potolicchio","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2023.114645","article-title":"Role of dopamine neuron activity in Parkinson\u2019s disease pathophysiology","volume":"373","author":"Rademacher","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24395","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.40.24395","article-title":"Characterization of the active site iron in tyrosine hydroxylase. redox states of the iron","volume":"271","author":"Ramsey","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.102164","article-title":"Mitochondrial iron-sulfur clusters: structure, function, and an emerging role in vascular biology","volume":"47","author":"Read","year":"2021","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2018.10.014","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"103","author":"Reich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2013.09.019","article-title":"Pooled analysis of iron-related genes in Parkinson\u2019s disease: association with transferrin","volume":"62","author":"Rhodes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-023-02692-9","article-title":"L-DOPA-therapy in Parkinson\u2019s disease: some personal reflections on L-DOPA therapy from Vienna and Berlin","volume":"130","author":"Riederer","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm. (Vienna)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-025-02893-4","article-title":"Levodopa treatment: impacts and mechanisms throughout Parkinson\u2019s disease progression","volume":"132","author":"Riederer","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2023.01.012","article-title":"Frequency and type of premature or early menopause in a geographically defined American population","volume":"170","author":"Rocca","year":"2023","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2019.03.010","article-title":"Anemia in men and increased Parkinson\u2019s disease risk: a population-based large scale cohort study","volume":"64","author":"Rozani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-021-01202-2","article-title":"Burden of anemia and its underlying causes in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: results from the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"14","author":"Safiri","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-130186","article-title":"Levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease: current status and new developments","volume":"3","author":"Salat","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181bd80c1","article-title":"Anemia or low hemoglobin levels preceding Parkinson disease","volume":"73","author":"Savica","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1990.tb02325.x","article-title":"Mitochondrial complex I deficiency in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"54","author":"Schapira","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2020.111252","article-title":"Mitophagy and iron: two actors sharing the stage in age-associated neuronal pathologies","volume":"188","author":"Schiavi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0700","article-title":"Interaction and redox chemistry between iron, dopamine, and alpha-synuclein C-terminal peptides","volume":"12","author":"Schifano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.70389","article-title":"Sex and diet biased effect of L-DOPA on iron accumulation in the ventral midbrain","volume":"170","author":"Serpa","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2023.188917","article-title":"A novel view of ferritin in cancer","volume":"1878","author":"Shesh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2012.4931","article-title":"Brain iron homeostasis: from molecular mechanisms to clinical significance and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"20","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164094","article-title":"Assessment of the effects of MPTP and paraquat on dopaminergic neurons and microglia in the substantia nigra pars compacta of C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"11","author":"Smeyne","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2018.01.008","article-title":"Astroglial and microglial contributions to iron metabolism disturbance in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"1864","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA) - Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.11.010","article-title":"L-dopa-induced dopamine synthesis and oxidative stress in serotonergic cells","volume":"67","author":"Stansley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.09.021","article-title":"Ferroptosis: a regulated cell death nexus linking metabolism, redox biology, and disease","volume":"171","author":"Stockwell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2024-080952","article-title":"Projections for prevalence of Parkinson\u2019s disease and its driving factors in 195 countries and territories to 2050: modelling study of global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"388","author":"Su","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27929","article-title":"Quantitative evaluation of iron content in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder","volume":"35","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3657","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.14607","article-title":"Determinants of dopaminergic neuron loss in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"285","author":"Surmeier","year":"2018","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.08.168","article-title":"Calcium and Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"483","author":"Surmeier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1021\/ar500469e","article-title":"Solving biology\u2019s Iron chemistry problem with ferritin protein nanocages","volume":"49","author":"Theil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2023.111802","article-title":"Sex differences in antioxidant defence and the regulation of redox homeostasis in physiology and pathology","volume":"211","author":"Tiberi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-020-0110-8","article-title":"Genetic predispositions of Parkinson\u2019s disease revealed in patient-derived brain cells","volume":"6","author":"Tran","year":"2020","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-023-00568-z","article-title":"Linking environmental risk factors with epigenetic mechanisms in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"9","author":"Tsalenchuk","year":"2023","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106009","article-title":"Deferoxamine prevents BBB disruption, neuroinflammation and apoptotic changes in early hours of ischemic reperfusion injury","volume":"188","author":"Ugale","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2487","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.108.095224","article-title":"Dopamine D2 receptor expression is altered by changes in cellular iron levels in PC12 cells and rat brain tissue","volume":"138","author":"Unger","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2019.09.007","article-title":"Ironing the mitochondria: relevance to its dynamics","volume":"50","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12244","article-title":"Inflammation alters the expression of DMT1, FPN1 and hepcidin, and it causes iron accumulation in central nervous system cells","volume":"126","author":"Urrutia","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27776","article-title":"Neuromelanin, aging, and neuronal vulnerability in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"34","author":"Vila","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21563","article-title":"MRI assessment of basal ganglia iron deposition in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"28","author":"Wallis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2264","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.261708798","article-title":"Iron deficiency and iron excess damage mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA in rats","volume":"99","author":"Walter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2022.105693","article-title":"Local iron deficiency in the substantia nigra directly contributes to hyperlocomotion phenotypes","volume":"168","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.04175.x","article-title":"Down-regulation of dopamine transporter by iron chelation in vitro is mediated by altered trafficking, not synthesis","volume":"100","author":"Wiesinger","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-022-00410-y","article-title":"Incidence of Parkinson disease in North America","volume":"8","author":"Willis","year":"2022","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2022.105920","article-title":"Interactions of dopamine, iron, and alpha-synuclein linked to dopaminergic neuron vulnerability in Parkinson\u2019s disease and neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation disorders","volume":"175","author":"Wise","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2015.04.010","article-title":"The association between the C282Y and H63D polymorphisms of HFE gene and the risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"595","author":"Xia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0840","article-title":"New progress on the role of glia in iron metabolism and iron-induced degeneration of dopamine neurons in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2021010995","article-title":"CD63 is regulated by iron via the IRE-IRP system and is important for ferritin secretion by extracellular vesicles","volume":"138","author":"Yanatori","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0850","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-004-0143-x","article-title":"Novel bifunctional drugs targeting monoamine oxidase inhibition and iron chelation as an approach to neuroprotection in Parkinson\u2019s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"111","author":"Youdim","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm. (Vienna)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0855","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17567","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0808768105","article-title":"New melanic pigments in the human brain that accumulate in aging and block environmental toxic metals","volume":"105","author":"Zecca","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-2751com","article-title":"Aggregated alpha-synuclein activates microglia: a process leading to disease progression in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0865","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.18468","article-title":"Crosstalk between mitochondrial fission and oxidative stress in paraquat-induced apoptosis in mouse alveolar type II cells","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0870","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2015.09.012","article-title":"Interactions of iron, dopamine and neuromelanin pathways in brain aging and Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"155","author":"Zucca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434_bb0875","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.2654","article-title":"Neuromelanins in brain aging and Parkinson\u2019s disease: synthesis, structure, neuroinflammatory, and neurodegenerative role","volume":"75","author":"Zucca","year":"2023","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"}],"container-title":["Neurobiology of Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0969996126001798?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0969996126001798?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:05:16Z","timestamp":1790683516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0969996126001798"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":175,"alternative-id":["S0969996126001798"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434","relation":{},"ISSN":["0969-9961"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0969-9961","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Reimagining the contribution of iron in Parkinson's disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurobiology of Disease","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107434","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107434"}}