{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T15:28:47Z","timestamp":1787585327428,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016082","name":"JiangXi Human Resources and Social Security Department","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016082","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurobiology of Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T23:37:20Z","timestamp":1782171440000},"page":"107500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A blood transcriptomic signature anchored to central nervous system pathology enables noninvasive detection of multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"227","author":[{"given":"Zhen","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Ping","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao-Jie Yin","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-Qian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03892-7","article-title":"A lymphocyte\u2013microglia\u2013astrocyte axis in chronic active multiple sclerosis","volume":"597","author":"Absinta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01172-5","article-title":"Sortilin limits EGFR signaling by promoting its internalization in lung cancer","volume":"8","author":"Al-Akhrass","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00028.2012","article-title":"Phosphoinositides: tiny lipids with giant impact on cell regulation","volume":"93","author":"Balla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2954","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab241","article-title":"The potential of serum neurofilament as biomarker for multiple sclerosis","volume":"144","author":"Bittner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-11-589","article-title":"Is human blood a good surrogate for brain tissue in transcriptional studies?","volume":"11","author":"Cai","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.02.002","article-title":"Cofactors required for TLR7-and TLR9-dependent innate immune responses","volume":"11","author":"Chiang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2018.0356","article-title":"Gadolinium deposition in the brain: current updates","volume":"20","author":"Choi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Korean J. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0040","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis genomic map implicates peripheral immune cells and microglia in susceptibility","volume":"365","author":"Consortium, I. M. S. G","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01302.x","article-title":"Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a model for multiple sclerosis (MS)","volume":"164","author":"Constantinescu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2297","article-title":"From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain","volume":"9","author":"Dantzer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0055","article-title":"Fluid biomarkers in multiple sclerosis: from current to future applications","volume":"44","author":"Di Filippo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. Health Eur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22337","article-title":"Demyelination causes synaptic alterations in hippocampi from multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"69","author":"Dutta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-019-0855-7","article-title":"Molecular signature of different lesion types in the brain white matter of patients with progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"7","author":"Elkjaer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1806309","article-title":"Dysregulation of the Wnt pathway inhibits timely myelination and remyelination in the mammalian CNS","volume":"23","author":"Fancy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01906-1","article-title":"Sirt6 inhibition delays the onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by reducing dendritic cell migration","volume":"17","author":"Ferrara","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00393-2","article-title":"MRI criteria for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: MAGNIMS consensus guidelines","volume":"15","author":"Filippi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2018-320106","article-title":"Neurofilament light chain as a biomarker in neurological disorders","volume":"90","author":"Gaetani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0090","article-title":"Genetic interactions between the Drosophila tumor suppressor gene ept and the stat92E transcription factor","volume":"4","author":"Gilbert","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz400","article-title":"Blood and brain gene expression trajectories mirror neuropathology and clinical deterioration in neurodegeneration","volume":"143","author":"Iturria-Medina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-0903-2","article-title":"Altered human oligodendrocyte heterogeneity in multiple sclerosis","volume":"566","author":"J\u00e4kel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-018-0058-z","article-title":"Neurofilaments as biomarkers in neurological disorders","volume":"14","author":"Khalil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-024-00955-x","article-title":"Neurofilaments as biomarkers in neurological disorders - towards clinical application","volume":"20","author":"Khalil","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200219","article-title":"Metabolomics of multiple sclerosis lesions demonstrates lipid changes linked to alterations in transcriptomics-based cellular profiles","volume":"11","author":"Ladakis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a028936","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis pathology","volume":"8","author":"Lassmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.201890","article-title":"The RNA-binding protein CSDE1 promotes hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell generation via translational control of Wnt signaling","volume":"150","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7626","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0932599100","article-title":"TSG101 interaction with HRS mediates endosomal trafficking and receptor down-regulation","volume":"100","author":"Lu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy151","article-title":"The compartmentalized inflammatory response in the multiple sclerosis brain is composed of tissue-resident CD8+ T lymphocytes and B cells","volume":"141","author":"Machado-Santos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057655","article-title":"Identification of shared genes and pathways: a comparative study of multiple sclerosis susceptibility, severity and response to interferon beta treatment","volume":"8","author":"Mahurkar","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aad0848","article-title":"ESCRT proteins restrict constitutive NF-\u03baB signaling by trafficking cytokine receptors","volume":"9","author":"Mami\u0144ska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2015.222","article-title":"Synaptopathy connects inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Mandolesi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.11.006","article-title":"MicroRNA and mRNA expression profile screening in multiple sclerosis patients to unravel novel pathogenic steps and identify potential biomarkers","volume":"508","author":"Martinelli-Boneschi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-021-01306-3","article-title":"Brain macrophages acquire distinct transcriptomes in multiple sclerosis lesions and normal appearing white matter","volume":"10","author":"Miedema","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.012","article-title":"Revised diagnostic criteria of multiple sclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Milo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.01.041","article-title":"RNA-Seq signatures normalized by mRNA abundance allow absolute deconvolution of human immune cell types","volume":"26","author":"Monaco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.607346","article-title":"The CTRP3-AdipoR2 axis regulates the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by suppressing Th17 cell differentiation","volume":"12","author":"Murayama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.109225","article-title":"Blood metabolomic and transcriptomic signatures stratify patient subgroups in multiple sclerosis according to disease severity","volume":"27","author":"Oppong","year":"2024","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004186","article-title":"An RNA profile identifies two subsets of multiple sclerosis patients differing in disease activity","volume":"4","author":"Ottoboni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25835","article-title":"Synaptic loss in multiple sclerosis spinal cord","volume":"88","author":"Petrova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-024-01262-2","article-title":"Lumbar puncture complications: a review of current literature","volume":"28","author":"Reis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Pain Headache Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.21.27069","article-title":"Routine gadolinium use for MRI follow-up of multiple sclerosis: counterpoint\u2014gadolinium should not always be used to assess disease activity","volume":"219","author":"Rovira","year":"2022","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02391-6","article-title":"Perturbation-response genes reveal signaling footprints in cancer gene expression","volume":"9","author":"Schubert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2013.41","article-title":"The utility of cerebrospinal fluid analysis in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Stangel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2023.05.005","article-title":"AXL-induced autophagy mitigates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by suppressing microglial inflammation via the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling pathway","volume":"159","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2011.12.014","article-title":"Adiponectin-AdipoR1\/2-APPL1 signaling axis suppresses human foam cell formation: differential ability of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 to regulate inflammatory cytokine responses","volume":"221","author":"Tian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08976-7","article-title":"Transcriptional profiling of human microglia reveals grey\u2013white matter heterogeneity and multiple sclerosis-associated changes","volume":"10","author":"van der Poel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2990.2000.00217.x","article-title":"Staging of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions: pathology of the time frame of MS","volume":"26","author":"Van der Valk","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcac005","article-title":"Distinct gene expression in demyelinated white and grey matter areas of patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"4","author":"van Wageningen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.10.1613","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory T-cell\u2013mediated autoimmune disease","volume":"61","author":"Weiner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1160397","article-title":"Identifying shared genetic loci and common risk genes of rheumatoid arthritis associated with three autoimmune diseases based on large-scale cross-trait genome-wide association studies","volume":"14","author":"Wen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3092","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn190","article-title":"A defect of sphingolipid metabolism modifies the properties of normal appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis","volume":"131","author":"Wheeler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.108995.3","article-title":"Dynamic regulation of mRNA acetylation at synapses by spatial memory in mouse hippocampus","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2026","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2005.03.005","article-title":"The role of the humoral immune system in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)","volume":"4","author":"Ziemssen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."}],"container-title":["Neurobiology of Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0969996126002457?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0969996126002457?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T14:52:47Z","timestamp":1787583167000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0969996126002457"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S0969996126002457"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500","relation":{},"ISSN":["0969-9961"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0969-9961","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A blood transcriptomic signature anchored to central nervous system pathology enables noninvasive detection of multiple sclerosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurobiology of Disease","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2026.107500","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107500"}}