{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T04:05:42Z","timestamp":1788494742274,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003521","name":"Department of Education, Australian Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003521","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Biotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T15:17:07Z","timestamp":1779549427000},"page":"172-183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Primary challenges in the upcycling of genetically modified spent microbial biomass"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Froylan","family":"Garnica-Garcia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neha","family":"Lal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esteban","family":"Marcellin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib1","unstructured":"United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, P.D. World population projected to reach 9.8 billion in 2050, and 11.2 billion in 2100. 2024 [cited 2024; Available from: \u3008https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/desa\/world-population-projected-reach-98-billion-2050-and-112-billion-2100\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib2","series-title":"ABARES. Paper presented at the 42nd ABARES Outlook conference","article-title":"Food demand to 2050: opportunities for Australian agriculture","author":"Linehan","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib3","series-title":"Genetic improvement of cereals and grain legumes","first-page":"1255","author":"Nawaz","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib4","article-title":"Precision fermentation to advance fungal food fermentations","volume":"47","author":"Chai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Opin Food Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4540","DOI":"10.15419\/bmrat.v8i9.692","article-title":"Human insulin: history, recent advances, and expression systems for mass production","volume":"8","author":"Alyas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed Res Ther"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6218","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2023.2166014","article-title":"Innovation in precision fermentation for food ingredients","volume":"64","author":"Augustin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib7","series-title":"Entrepreneurship with microorganisms","first-page":"163","article-title":"Precision fermentation of sustainable products in the food industry","author":"Prasath","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2024.103084","article-title":"Precision fermentation for improving the quality, flavor, safety, and sustainability of foods","volume":"86","author":"Hilgendorf","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Opin Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fufo.2024.100411","article-title":"Beyond the cow: Consumer perceptions and information impact on acceptance of precision fermentation-produced cheese in Germany","volume":"10","author":"K\u00fchl","year":"2024","journal-title":"Future Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2023.103435","article-title":"Consumer acceptance of precision fermentation technology: A cross-cultural study","volume":"88","author":"Banovic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Innov Food Sci & Emerg Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib11","series-title":"Genetically engineered foods","first-page":"143","article-title":"Genetically modified microorganisms: Harmful or helpful?","author":"Csutak","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2022.06.001","article-title":"Closing the loop in bioproduction: Spent microbial biomass as a resource within circular bioeconomy","volume":"70","author":"Stikane","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Biotechnol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj2016.12.0742","article-title":"Utilization of spent microbial biomass as an alternative crop nitrogen source","volume":"109","author":"Sullivan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Agron J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2017.04.028","article-title":"Large scale cultivation of genetically modified microalgae: a new era for environmental risk assessment","volume":"25","author":"Beacham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Algal Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib15","series-title":"Bacterial cell wall structure and dynamics","first-page":"2051","author":"D\u00f6rr","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"wrae073","DOI":"10.1093\/ismejo\/wrae073","article-title":"Mechanisms and implications of bacterial\u2013fungal competition for soil resources","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ISME J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12649-023-02394-z","article-title":"Characterization of spent yeast streams from precision fermentations driven by genetically engineered yeasts: valorization potential for a circular bioeconomy","volume":"15","author":"Deuchande","year":"2024","journal-title":"Waste Biomass-- Valoriz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2019.113660","article-title":"Distributed biomass supply chain cost optimization to evaluate multiple feedstocks for a biorefinery","volume":"254","author":"Roni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2021.107857","article-title":"Waste-to-nutrition: a review of current and emerging conversion pathways","volume":"53","author":"Javourez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biotechnol Adv"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.3390\/fermentation9060531","article-title":"Impact of waste as a substrate on biomass formation, and optimization of spent microbial biomass re-use by sustainable metabolic engineering","volume":"9","author":"Stikane","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fermentation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib21","unstructured":"Manning, C.G. Technology Readiness Levels. 2023; Available from: \u3008https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/directorates\/somd\/space-communications-navigation-program\/technology-readiness-levels\/\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2024.118979","article-title":"Enhancing anaerobic digestion efficiency: a comprehensive review on innovative intensification technologies","volume":"320","author":"Elsayed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Energy Convers Manag"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib23","article-title":"Formulation challenges associated with microbial biofertilizers in sustainable agriculture and paths forward","volume":"3","author":"Fadiji","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Sustain Agric Environ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/tqem.70077","article-title":"Techno-economic and life cycle analysis of biorefineries: assessing sustainability and scalability in the bioeconomy","volume":"34","author":"Vickram","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ Qual Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib25","unstructured":"Hobbs, L. and A. Shanoyan, Analysis of consumer perception of product attributes in pet food: implications for marketing and brand strategy. 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clwas.2025.100245","article-title":"Potential Use of Sewage Sludge as Fertilizer in Organic Farming","author":"Balkrishna","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clean Waste Syst"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy11071423","article-title":"Impact of long-term manure and sewage sludge application to soil as organic fertilizer on the incidence of pathogenic microorganisms and antibiotic resistance genes","volume":"11","author":"Stiborova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib28","article-title":"Effects of feeding dried brewers grains to slow-growing broiler chickens","volume":"250","author":"Pires Filho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Livest Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02009","article-title":"Single cell protein\u2014state-of-the-art, industrial landscape and patents 2001\u20132016","volume":"8","author":"Ritala","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib30","article-title":"Safety and nutritional value of a dried killed bacterial biomass from Escherichia coli (FERM BP-10941)(PL 73 (LM)) as a feed material for pigs, ruminants and salmonids","volume":"15","author":"Rychen","year":"2017","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5747","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41504-2","article-title":"Global mean nitrogen recovery efficiency in croplands can be enhanced by optimal nutrient, crop and soil management practices","volume":"14","author":"You","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.01157","article-title":"Impacts of G x E x M on nitrogen use efficiency in wheat and future prospects","volume":"11","author":"Hawkesford","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Plant Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcab.2021.102237","article-title":"Effect of integrated biofertilizers with chemical fertilizers on the oil palm growth and soil microbial diversity","volume":"39","author":"Zainuddin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biocatal Agric Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib34","series-title":"Rhizosphere Engineering","first-page":"215","article-title":"Zinc solubilizing rhizobacteria as soil health engineer managing zinc deficiency in plants","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3315","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-8104-0","article-title":"Biofertilizers: a potential approach for sustainable agriculture development","volume":"24","author":"Mahanty","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib36","series-title":"Biofertilizers","first-page":"133","article-title":"Quality control and regulations of biofertilizers: current scenario and future prospects","author":"Bharti","year":"2021"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci2013.07.0488","article-title":"Yeast as a biofertilizer alters plant growth and morphology","volume":"54","author":"Lonhienne","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crop Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.138194","article-title":"Limitations of biofertilizers and their revitalization through nanotechnology","volume":"418","author":"Rai","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib39","first-page":"1","article-title":"Biofertilizer as an alternative for chemical fertilizers","volume":"7","author":"Ajmal","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Agric Allied Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2019.03.028","article-title":"Supply chain and logistic optimization of industrial spent microbial biomass distribution as a soil amendment for field crop production","volume":"146","author":"He-Lambert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Resour Conserv Recycl"},{"issue":"e42004","key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib41","first-page":"1981","article-title":"Efficacy of brewer\u2019s spent yeast concentrations and application methods on coffea arabica seedling development","volume":"42","author":"Silva","year":"2026","journal-title":"Bioscience Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17198","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-67668-5","article-title":"Possibility of brewery wastes application to soil as an organic improver of biological and chemical properties","volume":"14","author":"Kostecki","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib43","article-title":"Biofertilizers: an ecofriendly technology for nutrient recycling and environmental sustainability","volume":"3","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Res Microb Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib44","series-title":"Biotechnology for sustainable agriculture","first-page":"185","article-title":"Microbial biotechnology and sustainable agriculture","author":"Umesha","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib45","series-title":"Biogas technology","author":"Deng","year":"2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.3390\/en11040870","article-title":"Construction of biodigesters to optimize the production of biogas from anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and sewage","volume":"11","author":"Guimaraes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.833482","article-title":"Hydrogenotrophs-based biological biogas upgrading technologies","volume":"10","author":"Antukh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1002\/bbb.337","article-title":"Impact of microalgae characteristics on their conversion to biofuel. Part II: focus on biomethane production","volume":"6","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biofuels Bioprod Bioref"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2014.09.145","article-title":"Algaculture integration in conventional wastewater treatment plants: anaerobic digestion comparison of primary and secondary sludge with microalgae biomass","volume":"184","author":"Mahdy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7969","DOI":"10.3390\/app11177969","article-title":"Macroalgae as protein sources\u2014a review on protein bioactivity, extraction, purification and characterization","volume":"11","author":"Gordalina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fufo.2021.100076","article-title":"The effect of persuasive\/possessing information regarding GMOs on consumer attitudes","volume":"4","author":"Stanton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Future Foods"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1017\/S1474745615000336","article-title":"Regulatory differences in the approval of GMOs: Extent and development over time","volume":"15","author":"De Faria","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Trade Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/21645698.2023.2190294","article-title":"Analyzing public sentiment toward GMOs via social media between 2019-2021","volume":"14","author":"Sohi","year":"2023","journal-title":"GM Crops & Food"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1080\/21645698.2024.2318027","article-title":"Exploring the GMO narrative through labeling: strategies, products, and politics","volume":"15","author":"Ryan","year":"2024","journal-title":"GM Crops & Food"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib55","first-page":"78","article-title":"P1055 \u2013 Consumer Survey Report. Consumers\u2019 perceptions of and attitudes towards genetically modified foods","author":"FSANZ","year":"2022","journal-title":"FSANZ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib56","first-page":"4522","article-title":"Update of the list of QPS-recommended biological agents intentionally added to food or feed as notified to EFSA 4: suitability of taxonomic units notified to EFSA until March 2016.","volume":"14","author":"Allende","year":"2016","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2020.04.078","article-title":"How institutional biosafety committees contribute to safety, capacity and regulatory approvals in cell and gene therapy trials","volume":"22","author":"O'Sullivan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib58","unstructured":"Union, E., Consolidated text: Directive 2001\/18\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 March 2001 on the deliberate release into the environment of genetically modified organisms and repealing Council Directive 90\/220\/EEC, E.-L.E.U. law, Editor. 2021, European Parliament."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib59","series-title":"40 CFR 725.3","author":"EPA","year":"2026"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib60","series-title":"Guidelines for the Transport, Storage and Disposal of GMOs","author":"Smith","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12839","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2021.2004645","article-title":"Bioengineered microbes for soil health restoration: present status and future","volume":"12","author":"Rebello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2508(01)01266-9","article-title":"Using inactivated microbial biomass as fertilizer: the fate of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment","volume":"152","author":"Andersen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Res Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.2207.07047","article-title":"Safety assessment systems for microbial starters derived from fermented foods","volume":"32","author":"Heo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2015.03.004","article-title":"Continuous cultivation of photosynthetic microorganisms: approaches, applications and future trends","volume":"33","author":"Fernandes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biotechnol Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodqual.2023.105033","article-title":"Consumer understanding of upcycled foods\u2013Exploring consumer-created associations and concept explanations across five countries","volume":"112","author":"Aschemann-Witzel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Qual Prefer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib66","unstructured":"O.G.T.R., O.o.t.G.T.R Risk Assessment and Risk Management Plan for DIR 200 Fermentation and processing of recombinant proteins using genetically modified Pichia pastoris 2024 [cited 2025 03\/04\/2025]; Available from: \u3008https:\/\/www.ogtr.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/2024-02\/dir200_full_risk_assessment_and_risk_management_plan.pdf\u3009."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy10020299","article-title":"Study regarding the potential use of a spent microbial biomass in fertilizer manufacturing","volume":"10","author":"Radu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2020.01.009","article-title":"Developing a computational framework to advance bioprocess scale-up","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib69","series-title":"Food waste index report 2024. think eat save: tracking progress to halve global food waste","author":"Programme, U.N.E","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib70","series-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","article-title":"Biochemistry, essential amino acids","author":"Lopez","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18365","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-01741-5","article-title":"Crop cultivation without nitrogen fertiliser using nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterial extracts for low environmental impact","volume":"15","author":"Haraguchi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3468","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.27774","article-title":"End-to-end continuous bioprocessing: Impact on facility design, cost of goods, and cost of development for monoclonal antibodies","volume":"118","author":"Mahal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biotechnol Bioeng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.122884","article-title":"Sell more for less or less for more? The role of transparency in consumer response to upcycled food products","volume":"273","author":"Peschel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13068-021-01911-3","article-title":"Using techno-economic modelling to determine the minimum cost possible for a microbial palm oil substitute","volume":"14","author":"Karamerou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biotechnol Biofuels"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib75","unstructured":"Fabien, A. The Cost of Waste in Australia: Financial Implications Backed by Statistic. 2022 [cited 2025 01 of July]; Available from: \u3008https:\/\/allgonerubbishremovals.com.au\/cost-waste-australia\/\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib76","unstructured":"Bureau of Infrastructure, Ta.R.E., Freight Rates in Australia, T. Department of Infrastructure, and Regional Development, Editor. 2022. p. 12."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib77","unstructured":"Grains Research & Development Corporation The Australian Yield Gaps. 2024 [cited 2025 12 of July]; Available from: \u3008https:\/\/yieldgapaustralia.com.au\/maps\/\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib78","unstructured":"Work, F. Minimum wages. 2025 [cited 2025 12 of July]; Available from: \u3008https:\/\/www.fairwork.gov.au\/pay-and-wages\/minimum-wages\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib79","unstructured":"Regulator, N.H.V. National heavy vehicle mass and dimension limits. 2016; Available from: \u3008https:\/\/www.nhvr.gov.au\/files\/201607-0116-mass-and-dimension-limits.pdf\u3009."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5912\/jcb970","article-title":"Australian biotechnology: promissory expectations and ecosystem performance far from the global superclusters","volume":"26","author":"Molloy","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Commer Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfueco.2023.100086","article-title":"A systematic review of the techno-economic assessment and biomass supply chain uncertainties of biofuels production from fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass","volume":"14","author":"Makepa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fuel Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2015.07.009","article-title":"Techno-economic analysis of decentralized biomass processing depots","volume":"194","author":"Lamers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioresour Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib83","first-page":"1","article-title":"Revisiting port sustainability as a foundation for the implementation of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs)","volume":"6","author":"Alamoush","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Shipp Trade"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140239","article-title":"Regulatory risks associated with bacteria as biostimulants and biofertilizers in the frame of the European Regulation (EU) 2019\/1009","volume":"740","author":"Barros-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fanim.2021.720646","article-title":"Spent craft Brewer's yeast reduces production of methane and ammonia by bovine rumen microbes","volume":"2","author":"Bryant","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Anim Sci"},{"issue":"09","key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.4236\/aim.2016.69070","article-title":"Effects of spent craft brewers\u2019 yeast on fermentation and methane production by rumen microorganisms","volume":"6","author":"Pszczolkowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2019.109493","article-title":"Environmental life cycle assessment of different biorefinery platforms valorizing municipal solid waste to bioenergy, microbial protein, lactic and succinic acid","volume":"117","author":"Khoshnevisan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Renew Sustain Energy Rev"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9200","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c00364","article-title":"Life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions and human health trade-offs of organic waste management strategies","volume":"54","author":"Nordahl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ Sci & Technol"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9143","DOI":"10.3390\/su16219143","article-title":"Upcycling of food by-products and waste: nonthermal green extractions and life cycle assessment approach","volume":"16","author":"Nutrizio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-7915.13554","article-title":"Storage, fertilization and cost properties highlight the potential of dried microbial biomass as organic fertilizer","volume":"13","author":"Spanoghe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib91","series-title":"Biofuels from Algae","first-page":"205","article-title":"Applications of spent biomass","author":"Guedes","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph22030382","article-title":"Biodigesters for sustainable food waste management","volume":"22","author":"Meegoda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"}],"container-title":["New Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1871678426000683?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1871678426000683?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T07:04:33Z","timestamp":1784185473000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1871678426000683"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":92,"alternative-id":["S1871678426000683"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1871-6784"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1871-6784","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Primary challenges in the upcycling of genetically modified spent microbial biomass","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"New Biotechnology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.05.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}