{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T11:33:07Z","timestamp":1793705587034,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["New Biotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T07:28:52Z","timestamp":1792481332000},"page":"14-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Host physiological constraints limit microbial production of partially acetylated chitooligosaccharides"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Sofie","family":"Snoeck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamza","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wouter","family":"Demeester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dries","family":"Duchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wies","family":"Lips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Guidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno M.","family":"Moerschbacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjan","family":"De Mey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-018-0332-2","article-title":"Chitosan and chitooligosaccharides from shrimp shell waste: characterization, antimicrobial and shelf life extension in bread","volume":"27","author":"Rakkhumkaew","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Sci Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2008.01.013","article-title":"Synergistic effect of chitooligosaccharides and lysozyme for meat preservation","volume":"41","author":"Rao","year":"2008","journal-title":"LWT - Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2020.104114","article-title":"Effects of diet chitosan oligosaccharide on performance and immune response of sows and their offspring","volume":"239","author":"Duan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Livest Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2019.11.047","article-title":"Chitosan oligosaccharide supplementation alleviates stress stimulated by in-feed dexamethasone in broiler chickens","volume":"99","author":"Osho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9669","DOI":"10.1039\/C7RA00142H","article-title":"New insights into the role of chitosan oligosaccharide in enhancing growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity and intestinal development of weaned pigs","volume":"7","author":"Wan","year":"2017","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2022.105232","article-title":"The beneficial mechanism of chitosan and chitooligosaccharides in the intestine on different health status","volume":"97","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2011.11.031","article-title":"Local drug delivery strategies for cancer treatment: Gels, nanoparticles, polymeric films, rods, and wafers","volume":"159","author":"Wolinsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2019.115356","article-title":"Functional chitosan oligosaccharide nanomicelles for topical ocular drug delivery of dexamethasone","volume":"227","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3390\/polym10020213","article-title":"Cosmetics and cosmeceutical applications of chitin, chitosan and their derivatives","volume":"10","author":"Aranaz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2025.124496","article-title":"A comparative review of chitin occurrence and quantification methodologies with applications to insect sourced materials","volume":"371","author":"Shinnerl","year":"2026","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104583","article-title":"Patterns matter part 1: chitosan polymers with non-random patterns of acetylation","volume":"151","author":"Wattjes","year":"2020","journal-title":"React Funct Polym"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104577","article-title":"Patterns matter part 2: chitosan oligomers with defined patterns of acetylation","volume":"151","author":"Cord-Landwehr","year":"2020","journal-title":"React Funct Polym"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6591","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28186591","article-title":"Green-chemical strategies for production of tailor-made chitooligosaccharides with enhanced biological activities","volume":"28","author":"Thomas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3212","DOI":"10.3390\/app11073212","article-title":"Enzymatic synthesis and characterization of different families of chitooligosaccharides and their bioactive properties","volume":"11","author":"Miguez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.9b11466","article-title":"The pattern of acetylation defines the priming activity of chitosan tetramers","volume":"142","author":"Basa","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2012.01.033","article-title":"Separation of chito-oligomers with several degrees of polymerization and study of their antioxidant activity","volume":"88","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-04-18-0098-R","article-title":"Slipped Sandwich\u2019 Model for Chitin and Chitosan Perception in Arabidopsis","volume":"31","author":"Gubaeva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Plant-Microbe Interact\u00ae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/s41438-019-0158-y","article-title":"Hexaacetyl-chitohexaose, a chitin-derived oligosaccharide, transiently activates citrus defenses and alters the feeding behavior of Asian citrus psyllid","volume":"6","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hortic Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E404","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1312099111","article-title":"Chitin-induced activation of immune signaling by the rice receptor CEBiP relies on a unique sandwich-type dimerization","volume":"111","author":"Hayafune","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.3390\/md8051482","article-title":"Production of chitooligosaccharides and their potential applications in medicine","volume":"8","author":"Aam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mar Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2015.12.016","article-title":"Advances in preparation, analysis and biological activities of single chitooligosaccharides","volume":"139","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7835","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21217835","article-title":"Preparation of defined chitosan oligosaccharides using chitin deacetylases","volume":"21","author":"Bonin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.202005228","article-title":"Systematic structural characterization of chitooligosaccharides enabled by automated glycan assembly","volume":"27","author":"Tyrikos-Ergas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem Eur J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2024.122958","article-title":"Dissecting and optimizing bioactivities of chitosans by enzymatic modification","volume":"349","author":"Richter","year":"2025","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3109\/07388551.2015.1104289","article-title":"The cell factory approach toward biotechnological production of high-value chitosan oligomers and their derivatives: an update","volume":"37","author":"Naqvi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Rev Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.4052\/tigg.11.187","article-title":"Functional domains in the chitin oligosaccharide synthase NodC and related \u00df-polysaccharide synthases","volume":"11","author":"Kamst","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trends Glycosci Glycotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.2.625","article-title":"Rhizobium NodB protein involved in nodulation signal synthesis is a chitooligosaccharide deacetylase","volume":"90","author":"John","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90893-3","article-title":"Rhizobium-legume nodulation: Life together in the underground","volume":"56","author":"Long","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29217","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.49.29217","article-title":"Biosynthesis of Azorhizobium caulinodans Nod Factors: study of the activity of the NodABCS proteins by expression of the gene in Escherichia coli","volume":"270","author":"Mergaert","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1038\/s41477-019-0527-4","article-title":"Deacetylation of chitin oligomers increases virulence in soil-borne fungal pathogens","volume":"5","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Plants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3390\/md8010024","article-title":"Chitin deacetylases: properties and applications","volume":"8","author":"Zhao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mar Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2024.122725","article-title":"Three intertwining effects guide the mode of action of chitin deacetylase de- and N-acetylation reactions","volume":"347","author":"Lindner","year":"2025","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6215(97)00107-9","article-title":"Gram-scale synthesis of recombinant chitooligosaccharides in Escherichia coli","volume":"302","author":"Samain","year":"1997","journal-title":"Carbohydr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1007\/s10529-007-9462-y","article-title":"A two-step fermentation process for efficient production of penta-N-acetyl-chitopentaose in recombinant Escherichia coli","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biotechnol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib35","unstructured":"Mey M.D., GUIDI C., Biarnes X., Planas A., Maertens J. Method to synthesize chitin oligosaccharides. WO2023089009A1, 2023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymben.2022.01.008","article-title":"Combinatorial pathway engineering of Bacillus subtilis for production of structurally defined and homogeneous chitooligosaccharides","volume":"70","author":"Ling","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metab Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crbiot.2024.100255","article-title":"Expanding the chitin oligosaccharide portfolio by engineering NodC chitin synthases in Escherichia coli","volume":"8","author":"Guidi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Res Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.1073447","article-title":"Customized chitooligosaccharide production\u2014controlling their length via engineering of rhizobial chitin synthases and the choice of expression system","volume":"10","author":"Weyer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.3390\/polym10040352","article-title":"Chitin deacetylases: structures, specificities, and biotech applications","volume":"10","author":"Grifoll-Romero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6645","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01961-16","article-title":"A recombinant fungal chitin deacetylase produces fully defined chitosan oligomers with novel patterns of acetylation","volume":"82","author":"Naqvi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8716","DOI":"10.1038\/srep08716","article-title":"Enzymatic production of defined chitosan oligomers with a specific pattern of acetylation using a combination of chitin oligosaccharide deacetylases","volume":"5","author":"Hamer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwm096","article-title":"The chitin catabolic cascade in the marine bacterium vibrio cholerae: characterization of a unique chitin oligosaccharide deacetylase","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9765","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.329490","article-title":"Identification and characterization of a novel polysaccharide deacetylase C (PdaC) from Bacillus subtilis*","volume":"287","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19066","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA119.009510","article-title":"Structure-function relationships underlying the dual N-acetylmuramic and N-acetylglucosamine specificities of the bacterial peptidoglycan deacetylase PdaC","volume":"294","author":"Grifoll-Romero","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1134\/S2079059714050098","article-title":"Biosynthesis of hexa- and pentameric chitooligosaccharides using N-acetyl-glucoseaminyl transferase from rhizobial bacteria","volume":"4","author":"Leppyanen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Russ J Genet Appl Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a133733","article-title":"Separation and mutarotation of anomers of chitooligosaccharides","volume":"91","author":"Fukamizo","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Biochem (Tokyo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-024-02370-9","article-title":"Metabolic burden explained: stress symptoms and its related responses induced by (over)expression of (heterologous) proteins in Escherichia coli","volume":"23","author":"Snoeck","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microb Cell Factor"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2891","article-title":"The Synthetic Biology Open Language (SBOL) provides a community standard for communicating designs in synthetic biology","volume":"32","author":"Galdzicki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-022-01983-2","article-title":"Dynamic feedback regulation for efficient membrane protein production using a small RNA-based genetic circuit in Escherichia coli","volume":"21","author":"Guidi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microb Cell Factor"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.70.5.1564","article-title":"Synthesis of guanosine tetra- and pentaphosphate requires the presence of a codon-specific, uncharged transfer ribonucleic acid in the acceptor site of ribosomes","volume":"70","author":"Haseltine","year":"1973","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-042621-122343","article-title":"Two P or Not Two P: understanding regulation by the bacterial second messengers (p)ppGpp","volume":"75","author":"Bange","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.000621","article-title":"Triggering the stringent response: signals responsible for activating (p)ppGpp synthesis in bacteria","volume":"164","author":"Irving","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2470","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00132-12","article-title":"H-NS Regulation of IraD and IraM Antiadaptors for Control of RpoS Degradation","volume":"194","author":"Battesti","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11004","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.23.11004","article-title":"spoT-dependent accumulation of guanosine tetraphosphate in response to fatty acid starvation in Escherichia coli","volume":"90","author":"Seyfzadeh","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00114-16","article-title":"SuhB Associates with Nus Factors To Facilitate 30S Ribosome Biogenesis in Escherichia coli","volume":"7","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1400306","article-title":"Modulating RssB activity: IraP, a novel regulator of \u03c3S stability in Escherichia coli","volume":"20","author":"Bougdour","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12896","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705561104","article-title":"ppGpp regulation of RpoS degradation via anti-adaptor protein IraP","volume":"104","author":"Bougdour","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12462","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.21.12462","article-title":"DsrA RNA regulates translation of RpoS message by an anti-antisense mechanism, independent of its action as an antisilencer of transcription","volume":"95","author":"Majdalani","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00463-17","article-title":"DksA and ppGpp Regulate the \u03c3S Stress Response by Activating Promoters for the Small RNA DsrA and the Anti-Adapter Protein IraP","volume":"200","author":"Girard","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1038\/msb.2011.94","article-title":"Queueing up for enzymatic processing: correlated signaling through coupled degradation","volume":"7","author":"Cookson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Syst Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.2.470-476.1996","article-title":"Regulation of Escherichia coli starvation sigma factor (sigma s) by ClpXP protease","volume":"178","author":"Schweder","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11685","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.REV119.005593","article-title":"Trouble is coming: signaling pathways that regulate general stress responses in bacteria","volume":"294","author":"Gottesman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.14606","article-title":"Escherichia coli small heat shock protein IbpA is an aggregation-sensor that self-regulates its own expression at posttranscriptional levels","volume":"115","author":"Miwa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2304841120","article-title":"Escherichia coli small heat shock protein IbpA plays a role in regulating the heat shock response by controlling the translation of \u03c3","volume":"120","author":"Miwa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3220","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.13578","article-title":"Increased mistranslation protects E. coli from protein misfolding stress due to activation of a RpoS-dependent heat shock response","volume":"593","author":"Evans","year":"2019","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1605(00)00206-3","article-title":"The heat shock response of Escherichia coli","volume":"55","author":"Ars\u00e8ne","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2551","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07253.x","article-title":"Escherichia coli FtsH is a membrane-bound, ATP-dependent protease which degrades the heat-shock transcription factor sigma 32","volume":"14","author":"Tomoyasu","year":"1995","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2016.10.002","article-title":"Envelope stress responses: an interconnected safety net","volume":"42","author":"Grabowicz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2015.12.023","article-title":"A 3\u2032 UTR-Derived Small RNA Provides the Regulatory Noncoding Arm of the Inner Membrane Stress Response","volume":"61","author":"Chao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-022-08465-0","article-title":"A comparison of transcriptome analysis methods with reference genome","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Genom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib71","article-title":"Regulation in the rpoS regulon of Escherichia coli","author":"Loewen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can J Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1515\/hsz-2016-0302","article-title":"When, how and why? Regulated proteolysis by the essential FtsH protease in Escherichia coli","volume":"398","author":"Bittner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00382082","article-title":"Physical and genetic analysis of a symbiotic region of Rhizobium meliloti: Identification of nodulation genes","volume":"193","author":"Kondorosi","year":"1984","journal-title":"Mol Gen Genet MGG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.164.2.591-599.1985","article-title":"Rhizobium meliloti nodulation genes: identification of nodDABC gene products, purification of nodA protein, and expression of nodA in Rhizobium meliloti","volume":"164","author":"Egelhoff","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1996.382911.x","article-title":"The C-terminal domain of the Rhizobium leguminosarum chitin synthase NodC is important for function and determines the orientation of the N-terminal region in the inner membrane","volume":"19","author":"Barny","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2022.108081","article-title":"Controlled processivity in glycosyltransferases: a way to expand the enzymatic toolbox","volume":"63","author":"Guidi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biotechnol Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23020","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.563353","article-title":"A structural and biochemical model of processive chitin synthesis*","volume":"289","author":"Dorfmueller","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200210140","article-title":"Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy imaging of live cell protein localizations","volume":"160","author":"Sekar","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1820","article-title":"Morphological plasticity as a bacterial survival strategy","volume":"6","author":"Justice","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5835","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-022-12128-1","article-title":"Filamentous morphology of bacterial pathogens: regulatory factors and control strategies","volume":"106","author":"Khan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1093\/jmicro\/dfx019","article-title":"Structome analysis of Escherichia coli cells by serial ultrathin sectioning reveals the precise cell profiles and the ribosome density","volume":"66","author":"Yamada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microsc Oxf Engl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00646-20","article-title":"A newly identified prophage gene, ymfM, Causes SOS-Inducible Filamentation in Escherichia coli","volume":"203","author":"Ansari","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib83","unstructured":"Sambrook J., Fritsch F.E., Maniatis T. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. 2nd ed., 1989."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6640","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.120163297","article-title":"One-step inactivation of chromosomal genes in Escherichia coli K-12 using PCR products","volume":"97","author":"Datsenko","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006441","article-title":"Circular polymerase extension cloning of complex gene libraries and pathways","volume":"4","author":"Quan","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.3390\/bios13060590","article-title":"MoBioS: modular platform technology for high-throughput construction and characterization of tunable transcriptional biological sensors","volume":"13","author":"Demeester","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.56.6.1875-1881.1990","article-title":"Modeling of the bacterial growth curve","volume":"56","author":"Zwietering","year":"1990","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"}],"container-title":["New Biotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1871678426001214?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1871678426001214?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T11:16:37Z","timestamp":1793704597000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1871678426001214"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"references-count":87,"alternative-id":["S1871678426001214"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1871-6784"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1871-6784","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Host physiological constraints limit microbial production of partially acetylated chitooligosaccharides","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"New Biotechnology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbt.2026.10.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}