{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T05:31:44Z","timestamp":1792474304418,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":172,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]],"date-time":"2008-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1217548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurologic Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,28]],"date-time":"2008-07-28T12:40:01Z","timestamp":1217248801000},"page":"833-854","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Weber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1159\/000150537","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: molecular biology, pathogenesis and clinical impact","volume":"40","author":"Weber","year":"1997","journal-title":"Intervirology"},{"issue":"7712","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(71)91777-6","article-title":"Cultivation of papova-like virus from human brain with progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy","volume":"297","author":"Padgett","year":"1971","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib3","series-title":"Handbuch der Geisteskrankheiten Die Anatomie der Psychosen","first-page":"1036","article-title":"Eigenartige und nicht rubrizierbare prozesse","author":"Hallervorden","year":"1930"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/81.1.93","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leuko-encephalopathy. A hitherto unrecognized complication of chronic lymphatic leukaemia and Hodgkin's disease","volume":"81","author":"\u00c5str\u00f6m","year":"1958","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"7102","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(59)91774-X","article-title":"Cerebral demyelination associated with disorders of the reticuloendothelial system","volume":"274","author":"Cavanagh","year":"1959","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib6","first-page":"256","article-title":"Pituitary function after removal of microadenomas for Cushing's disease","volume":"299","author":"Zu Rhein","year":"1978","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.51.2.458-469.1984","article-title":"Human polyomavirus JC virus genome","volume":"51","author":"Frisque","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198212023072307","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a male homosexual with T-cell immune deficiency","volume":"307","author":"Miller","year":"1982","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000233918.21986.9c","article-title":"Characteristics and antecedents of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in an insured population","volume":"67","author":"Eng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1086\/374358","article-title":"Incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated opportunistic diseases and the effect of treatment on a cohort of 1115 patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus, 1989\u20131997","volume":"36","author":"San-Andres","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043335","article-title":"Natalizumab induction and maintenance therapy for Crohn's disease","volume":"353","author":"Sandborn","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051847","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient treated with natalizumab","volume":"353","author":"Langer-Gould","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051782","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy complicating treatment with natalizumab and interferon beta-1a for multiple sclerosis","volume":"353","author":"Kleinschmidt-DeMasters","year":"2005","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib14","unstructured":"Important drug warning updated safety information. Available at: Genentech biogenidec 2006. Available at: www.rituxan.com\/ra\/content\/Rituxan_DHCPletter Accessed July 1, 2005."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010000245","article-title":"Neuropathology and general autopsy findings in AIDS during the last 15 years","volume":"100","author":"Jellinger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol (Berl)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200210010-00007","article-title":"HIV-related neuropathology, 1985 to 1999: rising prevalence of HIV encephalopathy in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"31","author":"Neuenburg","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000227922.22293.93","article-title":"Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in the CNS of HIV-infected patients","volume":"67","author":"Venkataramana","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.8.1142","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy with unusual inflammatory response during antiretroviral treatment","volume":"74","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3109\/13550289809113482","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with HIV infection","volume":"4","author":"Berger","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280590900742","article-title":"Atypical radiological presentation of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy following liver transplantation","volume":"11","author":"Lima","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.187.1.8451420","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in 47 HIV-seropositive patients: neuroimaging with clinical and pathologic correlation","volume":"187","author":"Whiteman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(18)31105-8","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"2","author":"Brooks","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1086\/374048","article-title":"Clinical course and prognostic factors of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"36","author":"Berenguer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-32957-9_17","article-title":"Pharmacotherapeutic options for the management of human polyomaviruses","volume":"577","author":"Roskopf","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.11.1733","article-title":"Epidemiology of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the United States: analysis of national mortality and AIDS surveillance data","volume":"41","author":"Holman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000230563.29202.6a","article-title":"Progression of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy despite treatment with beta-interferon","volume":"66","author":"Skromne","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1080\/713831540","article-title":"Topotecan in the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"9","author":"Royal","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200209060-00012","article-title":"A pilot study of cidofovir for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in AIDS","volume":"16","author":"Marra","year":"2002","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200209060-00012","article-title":"A pilot study of cidofovir for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in AIDS","volume":"16","author":"Marra","year":"2002","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280152537283","article-title":"Convection-enhanced intraparenchymal delivery (CEID) of cytosine arabinoside (AraC) for the treatment of HIV-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)","volume":"7","author":"Levy","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/S1055-3290(06)60311-7","article-title":"A case study: the use of cidofovir for the management of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"10","author":"Dodge","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199805073381903","article-title":"Failure of cytarabine in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. AIDS Clinical Trials Group 243 Team","volume":"338","author":"Hall","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410330415","article-title":"Successful outcome of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with cytarabine and interferon","volume":"33","author":"Steiger","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00314091","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy with magnetic resonance imaging verification and therapeutic trials with interferon","volume":"234","author":"Tashiro","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280152537256","article-title":"Potent anti-retroviral therapy with or without cidofovir for AIDS- associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: extended follow- up of an observational study","volume":"7","author":"De Luca","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280500511360","article-title":"Highly active antiretroviral therapy access and neurological complications of human immunodeficiency virus infection: impact versus resources in Brazil","volume":"11","author":"Silva","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurovirol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280390195388","article-title":"Clinical epidemiology and survival of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: data from the Italian Registry Investigative Neuro AIDS (IRINA)","volume":"9","author":"Antinori","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280152537247","article-title":"The good and evil of HAART in HIV-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"7","author":"Cinque","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199910010-00010","article-title":"Survival improvement of AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the era of protease inhibitors. Clinical Epidemiology Group. French Hospital Database on HIV","volume":"13","author":"Tassie","year":"1999","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.3109\/13550289909029483","article-title":"Prolonged survival without neurological improvement in patients with AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy on potent combined antiretroviral therapy","volume":"5","author":"Gasnault","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1086\/314937","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: improved survival of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in the protease inhibitor era","volume":"180","author":"Dworkin","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.3.623","article-title":"HAART improves prognosis in HIV-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"52","author":"Clifford","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.3109\/13550289809114533","article-title":"Survival prolongation in HIV-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy treated with alpha-interferon: an observational study","volume":"4","author":"Huang","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440309","article-title":"Predictive factors for prolonged survival in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"44","author":"Berger","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1086\/315817","article-title":"The effect of potent antiretroviral therapy and JC virus load in cerebrospinal fluid on clinical outcome of patients with AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"182","author":"De Luca","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)61753-9","article-title":"2.5 year remission of AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with combined antiretroviral therapy","volume":"349","author":"Elliot","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.2.257","article-title":"HIV-associated neurologic disease incidence changes: multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, 1990\u20131998","volume":"56","author":"Sacktor","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.20492","article-title":"Changes in the natural history of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV-negative lymphoproliferative disorders: impact of novel therapies","volume":"80","author":"Garcia-Suarez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054693","article-title":"Evaluation of patients treated with natalizumab for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"354","author":"Yousry","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.1.105-109.2000","article-title":"Comparison of antibody titers determined by hemagglutination inhibition and enzyme immunoassay for JC virus and BK virus","volume":"38","author":"Hamilton","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00900957","article-title":"Comparative analysis of intrathecal antibody synthesis and DNA amplification for the diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection of the central nervous system in AIDS patients","volume":"241","author":"Weber","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14542","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.26.14542","article-title":"Asian genotypes of JC virus in Native Americans and in a Pacific Island population: markers of viral evolution and human migration","volume":"94","author":"Agostini","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9928","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00441-06","article-title":"JC virus evolution and its association with human populations","volume":"80","author":"Shackelton","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib54","first-page":"5","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: the evolution of a disease once considered rare","volume":"1","author":"Berger","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/20.5.1305","article-title":"The natural history of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with AIDS. Canadian PML Study Group","volume":"20","author":"Fong","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410300413","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus, San Francisco, 1981\u20131989","volume":"30","author":"Gillespie","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00867351","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in AIDS: a clinicopathologic study and review of the literature","volume":"240","author":"von Einsiedel","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199401000-00008","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy diagnosed by amplification of JC virus-specific DNA from cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"8","author":"Weber","year":"1994","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340050478","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in AIDS: initial and follow-up CT and MRI","volume":"39","author":"Thurnher","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.4.836","article-title":"Metabolite abnormalities in progressive multifocal lenkoencephalopathy by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"48","author":"Chang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib61","first-page":"1896","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in AIDS: are there any MR findings useful to patient management and predictive of patient survival? AIDS Clinical Trials Group, 243 Team","volume":"20","author":"Post","year":"1999","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.66.4.520","article-title":"Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy pattern of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in AIDS","volume":"66","author":"Iranzo","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.64.4.516","article-title":"Localised 1H-MR spectroscopy for metabolic characterisation of diffuse and focal brain lesions in patients infected with HIV","volume":"64","author":"Simone","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21085","article-title":"Inflammatory progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients","volume":"62","author":"Huang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.63.10.1383","article-title":"Altered CD4+\/CD8+ T-cell ratios in cerebrospinal fluid of natalizumab-treated patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"63","author":"Stuve","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20859","article-title":"Natalizumab effects on immune cell responses in multiple sclerosis","volume":"59","author":"Niino","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.3109\/13550289809113498","article-title":"Prevalence of JC virus viraemia in HIV-infected patients with or without neurological disorders: a prospective study","volume":"5","author":"Dubois","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib68","series-title":"Human polyomaviruses molecular and clinical perspectives","first-page":"337","article-title":"Laboratory findings in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","author":"Weber","year":"2001"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-006-0013-z","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and multiple sclerosis: lessons from natalizumab","volume":"6","author":"Langer-Gould","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.4.1305-1309.2006","article-title":"New commercially available PCR and microplate hybridization assay for detection and differentiation of human polyomaviruses JC and BK in cerebrospinal fluid, serum, and urine samples","volume":"44","author":"Moret","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.2.253","article-title":"JC virus DNA load in patients with and without progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"52","author":"Koralnik","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.3.687","article-title":"Diagnosis of AIDS-related focal brain lesions: a decision-making analysis based on clinical and neuroradiologic characteristics combined with polymerase chain reaction assays in CSF","volume":"48","author":"Antinori","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/169.5.1138","article-title":"Specific diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy by polymerase chain reaction","volume":"169","author":"Weber","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8868","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92814-A","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with AlDS-related primary Iymphoma of the central nervous system","volume":"342","author":"Cinque","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1086\/514032","article-title":"Analysis of the systemic and intrathecal humoral immune response in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"176","author":"Weber","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1040840","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid analysis for the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus-related neurologic diseases","volume":"19","author":"Weber","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1086\/427698","article-title":"Prognostic significance of JC virus DNA levels in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with HIV-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"40","author":"Bossolasco","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4175","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.8.4175-4177.2005","article-title":"Reduced rate of diagnostic positive detection of JC virus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid in cases of suspected progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy","volume":"43","author":"Marzocchetti","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2000.00009.x","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: simultaneous detection of JCV DNA and anti-JCV antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"7","author":"Guillaume","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1086\/313598","article-title":"Highly active antiretroviral therapy and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: effects on cerebrospinal fluid markers of JC virus replication and immune response","volume":"30","author":"Giudici","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4465","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.5.4465-4469.1999","article-title":"Molecular cloning and expression of major structural protein VP1 of the human polyomavirus JC virus: formation of virus-like particles useful for immunological and therapeutic studies","volume":"73","author":"Goldmann","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(00)00226-3","article-title":"Packaging of small molecules into VP1-virus-like particles of the human polyomavirus JC virus","volume":"90","author":"Goldmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5574","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1205744","article-title":"Evidence for dysregulation of cell cycle by human polyomavirus, JCV, late auxiliary protein","volume":"21","author":"Darbinyan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.3.1476-1486.2001","article-title":"Interaction of JC virus agno protein with T antigen modulates transcription and replication of the viral genome in glial cells","volume":"75","author":"Safak","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9288","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02138-05","article-title":"Cross-interaction between JC virus agnoprotein and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat modulates transcription of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat in glial cells","volume":"80","author":"Kaniowska","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280152537148","article-title":"Distribution and function of JCV agnoprotein","volume":"7","author":"Okada","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurovirol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.63.2.863-872.1989","article-title":"Hybrid genomes of the polyomaviruses JC virus, BK virus, and simian virus 40: identification of sequences important for efficient transformation","volume":"63","author":"Bollag","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3527(08)60289-4","article-title":"New aspects in the pathogenesis of polyomavirus-induced disease","volume":"48","author":"D\u00f6rries","year":"1997","journal-title":"Adv Virus Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1155\/2001\/423875","article-title":"Human neurotropic JC virus and its association with brain tumors","volume":"17","author":"Khalili","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dis Markers"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2005.04.007","article-title":"Human polyomaviruses and brain tumors","volume":"50","author":"White","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280601009553","article-title":"JC virus T'135, T'136 and T'165 proteins interact with cellular p107 and p130 in vivo and influence viral transformation potential","volume":"12","author":"Bollag","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280152537120","article-title":"Structure and function of JC virus T' proteins","volume":"7","author":"Frisque","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13240","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.22.13240","article-title":"Cell-specific activation of the glial-specific JC virus early promoter by large T antigen","volume":"270","author":"Henson","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2000.0451","article-title":"Purified JC virus T and T' proteins differentially interact with the retinoblastoma family of tumor suppressor proteins","volume":"274","author":"Bollag","year":"2000","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1996.0241","article-title":"p53 inhibits JC virus DNA replication in vivo and interacts with JC virus large T-antigen","volume":"219","author":"Staib","year":"1996","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1995.0001","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation: lessons from the human neurotropic polyomavirus, JCV","volume":"213","author":"Raj","year":"1995","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.1.665-672.2003","article-title":"Regulation of human polyomavirus JC virus gene transcription by AP-1 in glial cells","volume":"77","author":"Sadowska","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280152537111","article-title":"Physical and functional interaction between viral and cellular proteins modulate JCV gene transcription","volume":"7","author":"Safak","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-81-2-351","article-title":"BAG-1, a novel Bcl-2-interacting protein, activates expression of human JC virus","volume":"81","author":"Devireddy","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.20.9687-9695.2001","article-title":"JC virus multiplication in human hematopoietic progenitor cells requires the NF-1 class D transcription factor. PG\u20149687\u201395","volume":"75","author":"Monaco","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3109\/13550289609146542","article-title":"Expression of multiple classes of the Nuclear Factor-1 family in the developing human brain: differential expression of two classes of NF-1 genes","volume":"2","author":"Sumner","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10523","article-title":"Lineage pathway of human brain progenitor cells identified by JC virus susceptibility","volume":"53","author":"Messam","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10506","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01355-06","article-title":"Interactions between c-Jun, Nuclear Factor-1 and JC virus promoter sequences: implications for viral tropism","volume":"80","author":"Ravichandran","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib104","first-page":"815","article-title":"Induction of undifferentiated tumors by JC virus in the cerebrum of rats","volume":"36","author":"Ohsumi","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Jpn"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(84)90172-7","article-title":"JC virus-induced owl monkey glioblastoma cells in culture: biological properties associated with the viral early gene product","volume":"136","author":"Major","year":"1984","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1202278","article-title":"Human ubiquitous JCV(CY) T-antigen gene induces brain tumors in experimental animals","volume":"18","author":"Krynska","year":"1999","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.4.1996-2001.2001","article-title":"Mad-1 is the exclusive JC virus strain present in the human colon, and its transcriptional control region has a deleted 98-base-pair sequence in colon cancer tissues","volume":"75","author":"Ricciardiello","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9918","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.12.9918-9923.1998","article-title":"Detection of JC virus DNA in human tonsil tissue: evidence for site of initial viral infection","volume":"72","author":"Monaco","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280390194055","article-title":"Brain tumors and polyomaviruses","volume":"9","author":"Croul","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.662.13.4","article-title":"No evidence of an association of JC virus and colon neoplasia","volume":"13","author":"Newcomb","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22516","article-title":"Human retinoblastoma is not caused by known pRb-inactivating human DNA tumor viruses","volume":"120","author":"Gillison","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib112","first-page":"460","article-title":"Serum antibodies to JC virus, BK virus, simian virus 40, and the risk of incident adult astrocytic brain tumors","volume":"12","author":"Rollison","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-05-0728","article-title":"Prediagnostic circulating antibodies to JC and BK human polyomaviruses and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"15","author":"Rollison","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.3.743","article-title":"AIDS- and non-AIDS-related PML association with distinct p53 polymorphism","volume":"54","author":"Power","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4643","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.6.4643-4649.1998","article-title":"Infection of glial cells by the human polyomavirus JC is mediated by an N-linked glycoprotein containing terminal alpha(2\u20136)-linked sialic acids","volume":"72","author":"Liu","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12992","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.24.12992-13000.2002","article-title":"Oligosaccharides as receptors for JC virus","volume":"76","author":"Komagome","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63132-X","article-title":"Differential distribution of the JC virus receptor-type sialic acid in normal human tissues","volume":"164","author":"Eash","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S180","DOI":"10.1086\/344280","article-title":"Traffic of JC virus from sites of initial infection to the brain: the path to progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"186","author":"Sabath","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2288","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.5.2288-2292.2000","article-title":"JC virus enters human glial cells by clathrin-dependent receptor-mediated endocytosis","volume":"74","author":"Pho","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"5700","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1103492","article-title":"The human polyomavirus, JCV, uses serotonin receptors to infect cells","volume":"306","author":"Elphick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34614","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M404673200","article-title":"Caveolin-1 interacts with 5-HT2A serotonin receptors and profoundly modulates the signaling of selected Galphaq-coupled protein receptors","volume":"279","author":"Bhatnagar","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-003-0214-6","article-title":"Unambiguous identification of JC polyomavirus strains transmitted from parents to children","volume":"149","author":"Zheng","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-92-3-373","article-title":"Human polyomavirus infections with JC virus and BK virus in renal transplant patients","volume":"92","author":"Hogan","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/161.6.1128","article-title":"High incidence of urinary JC virus excretion in nonimmunosuppressed older patients","volume":"161","author":"Kitamura","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280260422758","article-title":"High incidence of JC viruria in JC-seropositive older individuals","volume":"8","author":"Chang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198802043180507","article-title":"Involvement of JC virus-infected mononuclear cells from the bone marrow and spleen in the pathogenesis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"318","author":"Houff","year":"1988","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(03)00043-0","article-title":"Comparison of cell culture-grown JC virus (primary human fetal glial cells and the JCI cell line) and recombinant JCV VP1 as antigen for the detection of anti-JCV antibody by haemagglutination inhibition","volume":"109","author":"Knowles","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(92)90011-2","article-title":"An M-antibody capture radioimmunoassay (MACRIA) for detection of JC virus-specific IgM","volume":"40","author":"Knowles","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0928-0197(95)00012-W","article-title":"The JC virus antibody response in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy","volume":"4","author":"Knowles","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Virol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(97)00037-4","article-title":"Detection of CSF-specific oligoclonal antibodies to recombinant JC virus VP1 in patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"76","author":"Sindic","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196110262651701","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"265","author":"Richardson","year":"1961","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-196907000-00009","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). I. Investigation of the immunologic status of a patient with lymphosarcoma and PML","volume":"28","author":"Ellison","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-77-2-229","article-title":"\u201cSpontaneous\u201d progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Immunologic aspects","volume":"77","author":"Knight","year":"1972","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.30.3.256","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML): in vitro cell-mediated immune responses to mitogens and JC virus","volume":"30","author":"Willoughby","year":"1980","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(96)02117-9","article-title":"Efficient production of JC virus in SVG cells and the use of purified viral antigens for analysis of specific humoral and cellular immune response","volume":"63","author":"Frye","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Virol Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280152537166","article-title":"Immune response in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: An overview","volume":"7","author":"Weber","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280290167894","article-title":"Overview of the cellular immunity against JC virus in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"8","author":"Koralnik","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3361","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01809-06","article-title":"Frequency and phenotype of JC virus-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"81","author":"Lima","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.1.499","article-title":"Association of prolonged survival in HLA-A2+ progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy patients with a CTL response specific for a commonly recognized JC virus epitope.PG - 499-504","volume":"168","author":"Koralnik","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10206","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.18.10206-10210.2004","article-title":"Detection of JC virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in healthy individuals","volume":"78","author":"Du Pasquier","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh215","article-title":"A prospective study demonstrates an association between JC virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and the early control of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"127","author":"Du Pasquier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1973.03230020036009","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and cytarabine. Remission with treatment","volume":"226","author":"Bauer","year":"1973","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib143","first-page":"257","article-title":"A pilot study of recombinant alpha 2a interferon in the treatment of AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"42","author":"Berger","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2A","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib144","first-page":"159","article-title":"Interferons in the treatment of genital human papillomavirus infections","volume":"85","author":"Weck","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280152537238","article-title":"The relative contributions of HAART and alpha-interferon for therapy of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in AIDS","volume":"7","author":"Geschwind","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410370322","article-title":"Failure of cytarabine\/interferon therapy in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"37","author":"Heide","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1701568","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after autologous bone marrow transplantation and alpha-interferon immunotherapy","volume":"23","author":"Re","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib148","first-page":"A26","article-title":"Favorable response of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) to treatment with interleukin-2","volume":"48","author":"Jaeckle","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000183064.10227.b5","article-title":"Sustained recovery of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after treatment with IL-2","volume":"65","author":"Kunschner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.3.587","article-title":"Activities of various compounds against murine and primate polyomaviruses","volume":"41","author":"Andrei","year":"1997","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1086\/517060","article-title":"Successful resolution of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after combination therapy with cidofovir and cytosine arabinoside","volume":"26","author":"Blick","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000216390.83351.87","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: prolonged survival in patients treated with protease inhibitors and cidofovir: a case series","volume":"20","author":"Garvey","year":"2006","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.4.891","article-title":"Response to cidofovir after failure of antiretroviral therapy alone in AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"52","author":"de Luca","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000136093.47316.f3","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukencephalopathy in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy: survival and risk factors of death","volume":"37","author":"Wyen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280152537274","article-title":"Cidofovir in AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a monocenter observational study with clinical and JC virus load monitoring","volume":"7","author":"Gasnault","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1080\/10428190500177995","article-title":"Successful cidofovir therapy of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy preceding angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma","volume":"46","author":"Viallard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1086\/317539","article-title":"Failure of cidofovir therapy in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy unrelated to human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"32","author":"Houston","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s100720170031","article-title":"Reversal of CSF positivity for JC virus genome by cidofovir in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"22","author":"Salmaggi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1703704","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after stem cell transplantation, unsuccessfully treated with cidofovir","volume":"30","author":"Osorio","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-003-1037-9","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: cidofovir therapy in three patients with underlying hematological disease","volume":"250","author":"Herrlinger","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2006.09.005","article-title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy mimicking cerebral vasculitis in systemic granulomatosis","volume":"54","author":"Terrier","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1993.1517","article-title":"Inhibition of human neurotropic virus (JCV) DNA replication in glial cells by camptothecin","volume":"196","author":"Kerr","year":"1993","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)63201-1","article-title":"Efficacy of camptothecin in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"349","author":"Vollmer-Haase","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(199906)45:6<816::AID-ANA21>3.0.CO;2-W","article-title":"Relation of JC virus DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid to survival in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients with biopsy-proven progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"45","author":"Yiannoutsos","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1086\/314496","article-title":"Prognostic value of JC Virus load in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"178","author":"Taoufik","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1086\/340535","article-title":"JC virus load in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: analysis of the correlation between the viral burden in cerebrospinal fluid, patient survival, and the volume of neurological lesions","volume":"34","author":"Garcia De Viedma","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1086\/344056","article-title":"Fatal immune restoration disease in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: impact of antiretroviral therapy-associated immune reconstitution","volume":"35","author":"Safdar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000242728.26433.12","article-title":"Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with PML in AIDS: a treatable disorder","volume":"67","author":"Martinez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200109280-00028","article-title":"Inflammatory reactions in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after highly active antiretroviral therapy","volume":"15","author":"Miralles","year":"2001","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib170","series-title":"AIDS and the nervous system","first-page":"569","article-title":"Progressive miultifocal leukoencephalopathy","author":"Berger","year":"1997"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.33.2.484-486.1995","article-title":"Diagnostic value of detecting JC virus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy","volume":"33","author":"Fong","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007_bib172","series-title":"McAlpine's multiple sclerosis","first-page":"145","article-title":"Symptoms and signs of multiple sclerosis","author":"Matthews","year":"1998"}],"container-title":["Neurologic Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0733861908000388?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0733861908000388?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T06:21:14Z","timestamp":1684477274000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0733861908000388"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"references-count":172,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0733861908000388"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-8619"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0733-8619","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]}}}