{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T15:44:34Z","timestamp":1767109474454},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","theclinics.com","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurologic Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,30]],"date-time":"2018-07-30T22:27:20Z","timestamp":1532989640000},"page":"517-532","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Kaylyn","family":"Sinicrope","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"Batchelor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.3109\/10428199509107892","volume":"19","author":"Krogh-Jensen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2011.357","article-title":"Age, gender, and racial differences in incidence and survival in primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"105","author":"Villano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2466","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21481","article-title":"Trends in survival from primary central nervous system lymphoma, 1975-1999: a population-based analysis","volume":"104","author":"Panageas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23551","article-title":"The changing incidence of primary central nervous system lymphoma is driven primarily by the changing incidence in young and middle-aged men and differs from time trends in systemic diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma","volume":"88","author":"O'Neill","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-006-0790-9","article-title":"Primary CNS lymphoma in immunocompetent patients from 1989 to 2001: a retrospective analysis of 164 cases uniformly diagnosed by stereotactic biopsy","volume":"148","author":"Feuerhake","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib6","first-page":"261","article-title":"Primary intracerebral malignant lymphoma: report of 248 cases","volume":"92","author":"Bataille","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"issue":"suppl_5","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"v1","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/now207","article-title":"CBTRUS statistical report: primary brain and other central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the united states in 2009-2013","volume":"18","author":"Ostrom","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1080\/0284186X.2016.1270465","article-title":"Population-based experience on primary central nervous system lymphoma 2000-2012: the incidence is increasing","volume":"56","author":"Enblad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.14073","article-title":"Trends in primary central nervous system lymphoma incidence and survival in the U.S","volume":"174","author":"Shiels","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-03-1024","article-title":"A\u00a0uniform activated B-cell-like immunophenotype might explain the poor prognosis of primary central nervous system lymphomas: analysis of 83 cases","volume":"107","author":"Camilleri-Broet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-17-0613","article-title":"Ibrutinib unmasks critical role of Bruton tyrosine kinase in primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"7","author":"Grommes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"issue":"7332","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09671","article-title":"Oncogenically active MYD88 mutations in human lymphoma","volume":"470","author":"Ngo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-10-673236","article-title":"Targetable genetic features of primary testicular and primary central nervous system lymphomas","volume":"127","author":"Chapuy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nop053","article-title":"Meningeal dissemination in primary CNS lymphoma: diagnosis, treatment, and survival in a large monocenter cohort","volume":"12","author":"Kiewe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006298201101","article-title":"Primary central nervous system lymphoma: from clinical presentation to diagnosis","volume":"43","author":"Herrlinger","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurooncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19930801)72:3<843::AID-CNCR2820720333>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"The clinical spectrum of ocular lymphoma","volume":"72","author":"Peterson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hoc.2005.05.009","article-title":"Clinical features and diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma","volume":"19","author":"Fitzsimmons","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.3.393","article-title":"MRI features of primary central nervous system lymphomas at presentation","volume":"57","author":"B\u00fchring","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-004-3390-7","article-title":"Primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL): MRI features at presentation in 100 patients","volume":"72","author":"Kuker","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurooncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1447","article-title":"CT and MR imaging features of primary central nervous system lymphoma in norway, 1989-2003","volume":"30","author":"Haldorsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.09.139","article-title":"Prognostic scoring system for primary CNS lymphomas: the international extranodal lymphoma study group experience","volume":"21","author":"Ferreri","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000261909.28915.83","article-title":"CSF flow cytometry greatly improves diagnostic accuracy in CNS hematologic malignancies","volume":"68","author":"Bromberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2010.01516.x","article-title":"Diagnosis of leptomeningeal disease in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas of the central nervous system by flow cytometry and cytopathology","volume":"85","author":"Schroers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2006.03.012","article-title":"CSF analysis of IgH gene rearrangement in CNS lymphoma: relationship to the disease course","volume":"247","author":"Ekstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005733416571","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-induced long-term remission in primary cerebral lymphoma: case report and review of the literature","volume":"32","author":"Pirotte","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurooncol"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5034","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.13.524","article-title":"Report of an international workshop to standardize baseline evaluation and response criteria for primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"23","author":"Abrey","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1985.3.4.490","article-title":"Primary lymphomas of the central nervous system: patterns of failure and factors that influence survival","volume":"3","author":"Loeffler","year":"1985","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19960301)77:5<827::AID-CNCR4>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"Importance of complete staging in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting as a cerebral mass lesion","volume":"77","author":"Ferreri","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5711","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.08.2941","article-title":"Primary central nervous system lymphoma: the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center prognostic model","volume":"24","author":"Abrey","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2003.11.001","article-title":"Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the CNS treated with CHOD\/BVAM or BVAM chemotherapy before radiotherapy: long-term survival and prognostic factors","volume":"59","author":"Bessell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.40.1.80","article-title":"Primary CNS lymphoma: combined treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy","volume":"40","author":"DeAngelis","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2004.10.002","article-title":"Surgical removal of primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) presenting as space occupying lesions: a series of 33 cases","volume":"31","author":"Bellinzona","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nos159","article-title":"Surgery for primary CNS lymphoma? challenging a paradigm","volume":"14","author":"Weller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2016.255","article-title":"The influence of corticosteroids on diagnostic accuracy of biopsy for primary central nervous system lymphoma","volume":"43","author":"Binnahil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70229-1","article-title":"High-dose methotrexate with or without whole brain radiotherapy for primary CNS lymphoma (G-PCNSL-SG-1): a phase 3, randomised, non-inferiority trial","volume":"11","author":"Thiel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2009.09.008","article-title":"Neurotoxicity of radiation therapy","volume":"28","author":"Dropcho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.1.40","article-title":"Late cognitive and radiographic changes related to radiotherapy: initial prospective findings","volume":"59","author":"Armstrong","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.03.036","article-title":"Treatment of primary CNS lymphoma with methotrexate and deferred radiotherapy: a report of NABTT 96-07","volume":"21","author":"Batchelor","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000300671.37279.0e","article-title":"Long-term outcome in PCNSL patients treated with high-dose methotrexate and deferred radiation","volume":"70","author":"Gerstner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20495","article-title":"NOA-03 trial of high-dose methotrexate in primary central nervous system lymphoma: final report","volume":"57","author":"Herrlinger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006210703827","article-title":"Intravenous methotrexate as initial treatment for primary central nervous system lymphoma: response to therapy and quality of life of patients","volume":"43","author":"Guha-Thakurta","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurooncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3109\/08880018809031261","article-title":"Methotrexate concentration levels in the cerebrospinal fluid during high-dose methotrexate infusions: an unreliable prediction","volume":"5","author":"Lippens","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"9700","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61416-1","article-title":"High-dose cytarabine plus high-dose methotrexate versus high-dose methotrexate alone in patients with primary CNS lymphoma: a randomised phase 2 trial","volume":"374","author":"Ferreri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e217","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(16)00036-3","article-title":"Chemoimmunotherapy with methotrexate, cytarabine, thiotepa, and rituximab (MATRix regimen) in patients with primary CNS lymphoma: results of the first randomisation of the international extranodal lymphoma study group-32 (IELSG32) phase 2 trial","volume":"3","author":"Ferreri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4489","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.04.056","article-title":"Primary central nervous system lymphoma: results of a pilot and phase II study of systemic and intraventricular chemotherapy with deferred radiotherapy","volume":"21","author":"Pels","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-014-1531-1","article-title":"Safety of ommaya reservoirs in children with brain tumors: a 20-year experience with 5472 intraventricular drug administrations in 98 patients","volume":"120","author":"Peyrl","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurooncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016077907952","article-title":"Is intrathecal methotrexate necessary in the treatment of primary CNS lymphoma?","volume":"58","author":"Khan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurooncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdf080","article-title":"Relevance of intraocular involvement in the management of primary central nervous system lymphomas","volume":"13","author":"Ferreri","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-011-0649-7","article-title":"Prophylactic intrathecal chemotherapy in primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"106","author":"Sierra del Rio","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurooncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31820f2d94","article-title":"Rituximab monotherapy for patients with recurrent primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"76","author":"Batchelor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.2037","article-title":"Salvage chemoimmunotherapy with rituximab, ifosfamide and etoposide (R-IE regimen) in patients with primary CNS lymphoma relapsed or refractory to high-dose methotrexate-based chemotherapy","volume":"31","author":"Mappa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2012.698736","article-title":"Multicenter phase II study of rituximab and temozolomide in recurrent primary central nervous system lymphoma","volume":"54","author":"Nayak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000593","article-title":"High-dose methotrexate with or without rituximab in newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"83","author":"Holdhoff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-012-0891-7","article-title":"Rituximab significantly improves complete response rate in patients with primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"109","author":"Birnbaum","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurooncol"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.09.9861","article-title":"Chemotherapy delivery issues in central nervous system malignancy: a reality check","volume":"25","author":"Muldoon","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3865","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.06.2117","article-title":"High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell transplantation and hyperfractionated radiotherapy as first-line treatment of primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"24","author":"Illerhaus","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1705452","article-title":"High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation as first-line therapy for primary CNS lymphoma in patients younger than 60 years: a multicenter phase II study of the GOELAMS group","volume":"38","author":"Colombat","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.11771","article-title":"High-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation without consolidating radiotherapy as first-line treatment for primary lymphoma of the central nervous system","volume":"93","author":"Illerhaus","year":"2008","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2011.633250","article-title":"Upfront thiotepa, busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and autologous stem cell transplantation for primary CNS lymphoma: a single centre experience","volume":"53","author":"Alimohamed","year":"2012","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2011.07.006","article-title":"Autologous stem cell transplantation with thiotepa, busulfan, and cyclophosphamide (TBC) conditioning in patients with CNS involvement by non-hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"18","author":"Cote","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2012.076075","article-title":"Prognosis of patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma after high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation","volume":"98","author":"Schorb","year":"2013","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e388","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(16)30050-3","article-title":"High-dose chemotherapy with autologous haemopoietic stem cell transplantation for newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma: a prospective, single-arm, phase 2 trial","volume":"3","author":"Illerhaus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv076","article-title":"First-line treatment and outcome of elderly patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL)-a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Kasenda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1998.16.3.859","article-title":"Long-term survival in primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"16","author":"Abrey","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4570","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.06.6910","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of high-dose methotrexate-based therapy with and without whole brain irradiation for newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"24","author":"Gavrilovic","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2726","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.11.036","article-title":"Chemotherapy alone as initial treatment for primary CNS lymphoma in patients older than 60 years: a multicenter phase II study (26952) of the european organization for research and treatment of cancer brain tumor group","volume":"21","author":"Hoang-Xuan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1215\/15228517-2008-067","article-title":"High-dose methotrexate for elderly patients with primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"11","author":"Zhu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e251","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(15)00074-5","article-title":"Methotrexate and temozolomide versus methotrexate, procarbazine, vincristine, and cytarabine for primary CNS lymphoma in an elderly population: an intergroup ANOCEF-GOELAMS randomised phase 2 trial","volume":"2","author":"Omuro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-006-9165-6","article-title":"Relapse of primary central nervous system lymphoma: clinical features, outcome and prognostic factors","volume":"80","author":"Jahnke","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurooncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-011-0652-z","article-title":"Salvage treatment with temozolomide in refractory or relapsed primary central nervous system lymphoma and assessment of the MGMT status","volume":"106","author":"Makino","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurooncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2012.04.001","article-title":"A\u00a0single centre study of the treatment of relapsed primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) with single agent temozolomide","volume":"19","author":"Wong","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdl070","article-title":"Prospective trial on topotecan salvage therapy in primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"17","author":"Fischer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5643","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-04-0159","article-title":"Treatment of relapsed central nervous system lymphoma with high-dose methotrexate","volume":"10","author":"Plotkin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-014-1370-0","article-title":"Methotrexate re-challenge for recurrent primary central nervous system lymphoma","volume":"117","author":"Pentsova","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurooncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.01.161","article-title":"Results of whole-brain radiation as salvage of methotrexate failure for immunocompetent patients with primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"23","author":"Nguyen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000276986.19602.c1","article-title":"Salvage whole brain radiotherapy for recurrent or refractory primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"69","author":"Hottinger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2512","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.13.5533","article-title":"Intensive chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem-cell rescue for refractory and recurrent primary CNS and intraocular lymphoma: Societe Francaise de Greffe de Moelle Osseuse-Therapie Cellulaire","volume":"26","author":"Soussain","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3071","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-01-764209","article-title":"PD-1 blockade with nivolumab in relapsed\/refractory primary central nervous system and testicular lymphoma","volume":"129","author":"Nayak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3061","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.46.9957","article-title":"Intensive chemotherapy and immunotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma: CALGB 50202 (alliance 50202)","volume":"31","author":"Rubenstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000210464.94122.e1","article-title":"MATILDE regimen followed by radiotherapy is an active strategy against primary CNS lymphomas","volume":"66","author":"Ferreri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4643","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.11.013","article-title":"Combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy for primary central nervous system lymphoma: radiation therapy oncology group study 93-10","volume":"20","author":"DeAngelis","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4730","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.12.5062","article-title":"Combined immunochemotherapy with reduced whole-brain radiotherapy for newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma","volume":"25","author":"Shah","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3971","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.50.4910","article-title":"Rituximab, methotrexate, procarbazine, and vincristine followed by consolidation reduced-dose whole-brain radiotherapy and cytarabine in newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma: final results and long-term outcome","volume":"31","author":"Morris","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-006-9276-0","article-title":"Methotrexate based chemotherapy and deferred radiotherapy for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL): single institution experience","volume":"82","author":"Silvani","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurooncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib85","first-page":"188","article-title":"Preirradiation methotrexate chemotherapy of primary central nervous system lymphoma: long-term outcome","volume":"81","author":"Glass","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4483","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.03.108","article-title":"High-dose methotrexate-based chemotherapy followed by consolidating radiotherapy in non-AIDS-related primary central nervous system lymphoma: European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Lymphoma Group phase II trial 20962","volume":"21","author":"Poortmans","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"}],"container-title":["Neurologic Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0733861918312052?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0733861918312052?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,4]],"date-time":"2018-10-04T19:21:58Z","timestamp":1538680918000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0733861918312052"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0733861918312052"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-8619"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0733-8619"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurologic Clinics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}