{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T02:15:03Z","timestamp":1768875303264,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurologic Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T19:32:48Z","timestamp":1540323168000},"page":"821-830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Neuroborreliosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"John J.","family":"Halperin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib1","first-page":"765","article-title":"Paralysie par les tiques","volume":"71","author":"Garin","year":"1922","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Lyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02095652","article-title":"Chronische lymphocytare meningitis, entzundliche polyneuritis und \"rheumatismus\"","volume":"113","author":"Bannwarth","year":"1941","journal-title":"Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197907000-00001","article-title":"Neurologic abnormalities of Lyme disease","volume":"58","author":"Reik","year":"1979","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2015.121","article-title":"Lyme neuroborreliosis-epidemiology, diagnosis and management","volume":"11","author":"Koedel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-1219","article-title":"Borrelia miyamotoi: the newest infection brought to us by deer ticks","volume":"163","author":"Krause","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00464-8","article-title":"Identification of a novel pathogenic Borrelia species causing Lyme borreliosis with unusually high spirochaetaemia: a descriptive study","volume":"16","author":"Pritt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.001815","volume":"67","author":"Barbour","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16090","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.90","article-title":"Lyme borreliosis","volume":"2","author":"Steere","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq157","article-title":"A\u00a0review of death certificates listing Lyme disease as a cause of death in the United States","volume":"52","author":"Kugeler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"49","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib10","first-page":"993","article-title":"Three sudden cardiac deaths associated with lyme carditis - United States, November 2012-July 2013","volume":"62","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2013","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480100070033","article-title":"Invasion of the central nervous system by Borrelia burgdorferi in acute disseminated infection","volume":"267","author":"Luft","year":"1992","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-014-4020-z","article-title":"CXCL13: a biomarker for acute Lyme neuroborreliosis: investigation of the predictive value in the clinical routine","volume":"85","author":"Rupprecht","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nervenarzt"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-015-0008-8","article-title":"The chemokine CXCL13 is elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurosyphilis","volume":"12","author":"Dersch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e286","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001669","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid B-lymphocyte chemoattractant CXCL13 in the diagnosis of acute lyme neuroborreliosis in children","volume":"36","author":"Barstad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib15","first-page":"500","article-title":"Lyme disease-related intracranial hypertension in children: clinical and imaging findings","volume":"263","author":"Ramgopal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.7.1268","article-title":"Lyme borreliosis in Bell's palsy. Long Island Neuroborreliosis Collaborative Study Group","volume":"42","author":"Halperin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-0806-9","article-title":"Effects of dexamethasone and meloxicam on Borrelia burgdorferi-induced inflammation in glial and neuronal cells of the central nervous system","volume":"14","author":"Ramesh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib18","first-page":"71","article-title":"Reactive Lyme serology in patients with optic neuritis and papilledema","volume":"25","author":"Sibony","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/113.4.1207","article-title":"Lyme neuroborreliosis - peripheral nervous system manifestations","volume":"113","author":"Halperin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410410313","article-title":"Mononeuropathy multiplex in rhesus monkeys with chronic Lyme disease","volume":"41","author":"England","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.38.5.452","article-title":"Peripheral neuropathy in acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (Herxheimer)","volume":"38","author":"Hopf","year":"1975","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1988.tb31836.x","article-title":"Neuropathy associated with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. Clinical and morphological features","volume":"539","author":"Kristoferitsch","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-005-1440-2","article-title":"Lyme disease of the brainstem","volume":"47","author":"Kalina","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.6.753","article-title":"Lyme neuroborreliosis: central nervous system manifestations","volume":"39","author":"Halperin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199011223232102","article-title":"Chronic neurologic manifestations of Lyme disease","volume":"323","author":"Logigian","year":"1990","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000182493.57090.c1","article-title":"Self-reported health status of the general adult U.S. population as assessed by the EQ-5D and Health Utilities Index","volume":"43","author":"Luo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib27","first-page":"1292","article-title":"Neuroborreliosis","volume":"264","author":"Halperin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1505425","article-title":"Randomized trial of longer-term therapy for symptoms attributed to Lyme disease","volume":"374","author":"Berende","year":"2016","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6623a3","article-title":"Serious bacterial infections acquired during treatment of patients given a diagnosis of chronic Lyme disease - United States","volume":"66","author":"Marzec","year":"2017","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib30","first-page":"17","article-title":"Prevalence and spectrum of residual symptoms in Lyme neuroborreliosis after pharmacological treatment: a systematic review","volume":"263","author":"Dersch","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw189","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of patients with Lyme disease: longitudinal analysis of clinical and quality-of-life measures","volume":"62","author":"Wills","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.4045\/tidsskr.15.1115","article-title":"Lyme neuroborreliosis in cases of non-specific neurological symptoms","volume":"137","author":"Roaldsnes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix568","article-title":"Characteristics and clinical outcome of Lyme Neuroborreliosis in a high endemic area, 1995-2014: a retrospective cohort study in Denmark","volume":"65","author":"Knudtzen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib34","series-title":"Lyme disease - an Evidence based approach","first-page":"232","article-title":"The psychology of 'post Lyme disease syndrome' and 'not Lyme'","author":"Hassett","year":"2011"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix013","article-title":"Effectiveness of long-term Doxycycline treatment and cognitive-behavioral therapy on fatigue severity in patients with Q Fever Fatigue Syndrome (Qure Study): a randomized controlled trial","volume":"64","author":"Keijmel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix312","article-title":"Long-term Chikungunya Sequelae in Curacao: burden, determinants, and a novel classification tool","volume":"216","author":"Elsinga","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw427","article-title":"Evaluation of the C6 Lyme enzyme immunoassay for the diagnosis of Lyme disease in children and adolescents","volume":"63","author":"Lipsett","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix043","article-title":"Evaluation of modified 2-tiered Serodiagnostic testing algorithms for early Lyme disease","volume":"64","author":"Branda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1468-4","article-title":"The diagnostic accuracy of serological tests for Lyme borreliosis in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Leeflang","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000265517.66976.28","article-title":"Practice parameter: treatment of nervous system Lyme disease","volume":"69","author":"Halperin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Neurologic Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0733861918312404?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0733861918312404?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T10:17:19Z","timestamp":1760005039000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0733861918312404"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0733861918312404"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-8619"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0733-8619","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Neuroborreliosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurologic Clinics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.06.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}