{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:33:17Z","timestamp":1760056397208,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurologic Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T01:07:48Z","timestamp":1552871268000},"page":"399-423","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Treatment of Vasculitis of the Nervous System"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"David S.","family":"Younger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37715","article-title":"2012 revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides","volume":"65","author":"Jennette","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(05)70349-2","article-title":"Granulomatous angiitis of the nervous system","volume":"15","author":"Younger","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39068","article-title":"Adult primary central nervous system vasculitis treatment and course. Analysis of one hundred and sixty-three patients","volume":"67","author":"Salvarani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(83)91125-7","article-title":"Isolated angiitis of the central nervous system. Prospective diagnostic and therapeutic experience","volume":"74","author":"Cupps","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.7.837","article-title":"Isolated angiitis of the CNS in children","volume":"56","author":"Lanthier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-198801000-00002","article-title":"Primary angiitis of the central nervous system: report of 8 new cases, review of the literature, and proposal for diagnostic criteria","volume":"67","author":"Calabrese","year":"1988","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1988.00520290042012","article-title":"Granulomatous angiitis of the brain: an inflammatory reaction of nonspecific etiology","volume":"45","author":"Younger","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21226","article-title":"Primary central nervous system vasculitis: analysis of 101 patients","volume":"62","author":"Salvarani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21766","article-title":"Primary central nervous system vasculitis in children","volume":"54","author":"Benseler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199606)19:6<722::AID-MUS6>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of sural nerve biopsies","volume":"19","author":"Younger","year":"1996","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10080","article-title":"Diabetic and nondiabetic lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathies: new insights into pathophysiology and treatment","volume":"25","author":"Dyck","year":"2002","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib12","first-page":"1364","article-title":"Diabetic lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy: a postmortem studied patient and review of the literature","volume":"258","author":"Younger","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70236-9","article-title":"Vasculitic neuropathies","volume":"13","author":"Gwathmey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.116624","article-title":"EULAR\/PINTO\/PRES criteria for Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura, childhood polyarteritis nodosa, childhood Wegener granulomatosis and childhood Takayasu arteritis: Ankara 2008. Part I: overall methodology and clinical characterization","volume":"69","author":"Rupert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.116657","article-title":"EULAR\/PRINTO\/PReS criteria for Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura, childhood polyarteritis nodosa, childhood Wegener granulomatosis and childhood Takayasu arteritis. Ankara 2008. Part II: final classification","volume":"69","author":"Ozen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4582.769","article-title":"Streptomycin treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: a medical research council investigation","volume":"2","author":"British Medical Research Council","year":"1948","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.110275","article-title":"Development of outcome measures for large-vessel vasculitis for use in clinical trials: opportunities, challenges, and research agenda","volume":"38","author":"Direskeneli","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200104)44:4<912::AID-ANR148>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"A\u00a0disease-specific activity index for Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis: modification of the Birmingham vasculitis activity score","volume":"44","author":"Stone","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.062711","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for conducting clinical studies and\/or clinical trials in systemic vasculitis: focus on anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitis","volume":"66","author":"Hellmich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.131248","article-title":"Current status of outcome measure development in vasculitis","volume":"41","author":"Merkel","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-212713","article-title":"Validation of the ANCA-associated vasculitis patient-reported outcomes (AAV-PRO) questionnaire","volume":"77","author":"Robson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.2147\/PROM.S144992","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in ANCA-associated vasculitis and item generation for a disease-specific patient-reported outcome measure","volume":"9","author":"Robson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Patient Relat Outcome Meas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket398","article-title":"Childhood inflammatory brain disease: pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy","volume":"53","author":"Twilt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-018-0291-4","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in children with inflammatory brain disease","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1213277","article-title":"Efficacy of remission-induction regimens for ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"369","author":"Specks","year":"2013","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e318205a4c6","article-title":"The five-factor score revisited: assessment of prognoses of systemic necrotizing vasculitides based on the French Vasculitis Study Group (FVSG) cohort","volume":"90","author":"Guillevin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.088351","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the management of large vessel vasculitis","volume":"68","author":"Mukhtyar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61077-6","article-title":"Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant-cell arteritis","volume":"372","author":"Salvarani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.088096","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the management of primary small and medium vessel vasculitis","volume":"68","author":"Mukhtyar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020286","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized trial of maintenance therapy for vasculitis associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies","volume":"349","author":"Jayne","year":"2003","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.1990.tb05737.x","article-title":"Methylprednisolone in the treatment of Wegener's granulomatosis, polyarteritis nodosa and Churg-Strauss angiitis","volume":"19","author":"Guillevin","year":"1990","journal-title":"APMIS Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2747","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000145143.19711.78","article-title":"Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of Kawasaki disease: a statement for health professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, American Heart Association","volume":"110","author":"Newburger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61930-2","article-title":"Efficacy of immunoglobulin plus prednisolone for prevention of coronary artery abnormalities in severe Kawasaki disease (RAISE study): a randomised, open-label, blinded-endpoints trial","volume":"379","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3336","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V84.10.3336.3336","article-title":"Natural interferon-alpha versus its combination with 6-methyl-prednisolone in the therapy of type II mixed cryoglobulinemia: a long-term, randomized, controlled study","volume":"84","author":"Dammacco","year":"1994","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-197311000-00002","article-title":"Wegener's granulomatosis: studies in eighteen patients and a review of the literature","volume":"52","author":"Fauci","year":"1973","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-116-6-488","article-title":"Wegener granulomatosis: an analysis of 158 patients","volume":"116","author":"Hoffman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780401213","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective, multicenter, randomized trial comparing steroids and pulse cyclophosphamide versus steroids and oral cyclophosphamide in the treatment of generalized Wegener's granulomatosis","volume":"40","author":"Guillevin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/16.10.2018","article-title":"The value of pulse cyclophosphamide in ANCA-associated vasculitis: meta-analysis and critical review","volume":"16","author":"De Groot","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-10-200905190-00004","article-title":"Pulse versus daily oral cyclophosphamide for induction of remission in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: a randomized trial","volume":"150","author":"de Groot","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.150","article-title":"Addition of cyclophosphamide to steroids provides no benefit compared with steroids alone in treating adult patients with severe Henoch Sch\u00f6nlein purpura","volume":"78","author":"Pillebout","year":"2010","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30319","article-title":"Prognostic factors in patients with hepatitis C virus infection and systemic vasculitis","volume":"63","author":"Terrier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200318384","article-title":"Azathioprine: old drug, new actions","volume":"111","author":"Maltzman","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2789","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22754","article-title":"Adjunctive methotrexate for treatment of giant cell arteritis: an individual patient data meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Mahr","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10262","article-title":"A\u00a0multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of adjuvant methotrexate treatment for giant cell arteritis","volume":"46","author":"Hoffman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib45","first-page":"495","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial of methotrexate in the treatment of giant cell arteritis (GCA)","volume":"19","author":"Spiera","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-134-2-200101160-00010","article-title":"Combined treatment of giant-cell arteritis with methotrexate and prednisone","volume":"134","author":"Jover","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2790","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0802311","article-title":"Azathioprine or methotrexate maintenance for ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"359","author":"Pagnoux","year":"2008","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199651020-00007","article-title":"Mycophenolate mofetil. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and clinical efficacy in renal transplantation","volume":"51","author":"Fulton","year":"1996","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1658","article-title":"Mycophenolate mofetil vs azathioprine for remission maintenance in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"304","author":"Hiemstra","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2018.05.007","article-title":"Comparisons of guidelines and recommendations on managing antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis","volume":"3","author":"Geetha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket445","article-title":"BSR and BHPR guideline for the management of adults with ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"53","author":"Ntatsaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-209133","article-title":"EULAR\/ERA-EDTA recommendations for the management of ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"75","author":"Yates","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.023697","article-title":"EULAR standardised operating procedures for the elaboration, evaluation, dissemination, and implementation of recommendations endorsed by the EULAR standing committees","volume":"63","author":"Dougados","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2011.633553","article-title":"Short-term effect of leflunomide in patients with Takayasu arteritis: an observational study","volume":"41","author":"De Souza","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem029","article-title":"Elevated relapse rate under oral methotrexate versus leflunomide for maintenance of remission in Wegener's granulomatosis","volume":"46","author":"Metzler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2180","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007010090","article-title":"Randomized trial of plasma exchange or high-dosage methylprednisolone as adjunctive therapy for severe renal vasculitis","volume":"18","author":"Jayne","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-14-73","article-title":"Plasma exchange and glucocorticoid dosing in the treatment of anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody associated vasculitis (PEXIVAS): protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Walsh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-134-11-200106050-00009","article-title":"Long-term outcome of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody disease treated with plasma exchange and immunosuppression","volume":"134","author":"Levy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)91504-6","article-title":"High-dose intravenous gammaglobulin for Kawasaki disease","volume":"2","author":"Furusho","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198608073150601","article-title":"The treatment of Kawasaki syndrome with intravenous gamma globulin","volume":"315","author":"Newburger","year":"1986","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199106063242305","article-title":"A\u00a0single intravenous infusion of gamma globulin as compared with four infusions in the treatment of acute Kawasaki syndrome","volume":"324","author":"Newburger","year":"1991","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)92797-6","article-title":"Treatment of systemic vasculitis with pooled intravenous immunoglobulin","volume":"337","author":"Jayne","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/35.11.1150","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin as sole therapy for systemic vasculitis","volume":"35","author":"Jayne","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/93.7.433","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin for ANCA-associated systemic vasculitis with persistent disease activity","volume":"93","author":"Jayne","year":"2000","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23147","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulins for relapses of systemic vasculitides associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies: results of a multicenter, prospective, open-label study of twenty-two patients","volume":"58","author":"Martinez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0909905","article-title":"Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide for ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"363","author":"Stone","year":"2010","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0909169","article-title":"Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis","volume":"363","author":"Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1404231","article-title":"Rituximab versus azathioprine for maintenance in ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"371","author":"Guillevin","year":"2014","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3 Suppl 97","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib69","first-page":"S54","article-title":"Rituximab versus azathioprine for ANCA-associated vasculitis maintenance therapy: impact on global disability and health-related quality of life","volume":"34","author":"Pugnet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3827","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-09-2856","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of rituximab in type II mixed cryoglobulinemia","volume":"101","author":"Zaja","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3818","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-10-3162","article-title":"Monoclonal antibody treatment of mixed cryoglobulinemia resistant to interferon alpha with an anti-CD20","volume":"101","author":"Sansonno","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3054","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh469","article-title":"Long-term effects of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody treatment of cryoglobulinaemic glomerulonephritis","volume":"19","author":"Roccatello","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.081653","article-title":"Rituximab combined with Peg-interferon-ribavirin in refractory hepatitis C virus-associated cryoglobulinaemia vasculitis","volume":"67","author":"Saadoun","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24703","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of rituximab with or without PEGylated interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin in severe hepatitis C virus-related vasculitis: a long-term followup study of thirty-two patients","volume":"60","author":"Terrier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib75","first-page":"46","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus-associated cryoglobulinemic vasculitis: a 20-year experience with treatment","volume":"89","author":"Ignatova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ter Arkh"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000114554.67106.28","article-title":"Prospective study of TNF\u03b1 blockade with infliximab in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated systemic vasculitis","volume":"15","author":"Booth","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/41.10.1126","article-title":"Efficacy of the anti-TNF-alpha antibody infliximab against refractory systemic vasculitides: an open pilot study on 10 patients","volume":"41","author":"Bartolucci","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041884","article-title":"Etanercept plus standard therapy for Wegener\u2019s granulomatosis","volume":"352","year":"2005","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib79","first-page":"S63","article-title":"Infliximab or rituximab for refractory Wegener's granulomatosis: long-term follow up. A prospective randomised multicentre study on 17 patients","volume":"29","author":"De Menthon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203586","article-title":"Adalimumab for steroid sparing in patients with giant-cell arteritis: results of a multicentre randomised controlled trial","volume":"73","author":"Seror","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker380","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerance of infliximab in refractory Takayasu arteritis: French multicentre study","volume":"51","author":"Mekinian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(67)90144-1","article-title":"Long-term follow-up study of periarteritis nodosa","volume":"43","author":"Frohnert","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.071936","article-title":"Outcomes from studies of antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody associated vasculitis: a systematic review by the European League Against Rheumatism Systemic Vasculitis Task Force","volume":"67","author":"Mukhtyar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-124-5-199603010-00003","article-title":"Cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis and bladder cancer in patients with Wegener granulomatosis","volume":"124","author":"Talar-Williams","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1361.078","article-title":"Accelerated atherosclerosis in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases","volume":"1051","author":"de Leeuw","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.109389","article-title":"Early mortality in systemic vasculitis: relative contribution of adverse events and active vasculitis","volume":"69","author":"Little","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0215918","article-title":"Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies specific for myeloperoxidase cause glomerulonephritis and vasculitis in mice","volume":"110","author":"Xiao","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28626","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028626","article-title":"Anti-proteinase 3 anti-neutrophil cytoplasm autoantibodies recapitulate systemic vasculitis in mice with a humanized immune system","volume":"7","author":"Little","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1874","article-title":"Molecular mimicry in pauci-immune focal necrotizing glomerulonephritis","volume":"14","author":"Kain","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/ar392","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus and Wegener's granulomatosis","volume":"4","author":"Popa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-008-9268-2","article-title":"Complement activation is involved in renal damage in human antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody associated pauci-immune vasculitis","volume":"29","author":"Xing","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10384","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro cytokine production and proliferation of T\u00a0cells from patients with anti-proteinase 3- and antimyeloperoxidase-associated vasculitis, in response to proteinase 3 and myeloperoxidase","volume":"46","author":"Popa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra022694","article-title":"Medium- and large-vessel vasculitis","volume":"349","author":"Weyand","year":"2003","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2005.02808.x","article-title":"Off balance: T-cells in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides","volume":"141","author":"Lamprecht","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21142","article-title":"Randomized trial of cyclophosphamide versus methotrexate for induction of remission in early systemic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis","volume":"52","author":"De Groot","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-200477","article-title":"Pulse versus daily oral cyclophosphamide for induction of remission in ANCA-associated vasculitis: long-term follow-up","volume":"71","author":"Harper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3472","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34547","article-title":"Brief report: long-term outcome of a randomized clinical trial comparing methotrexate to cyclophosphamide for remission induction in early systemic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis","volume":"64","author":"Faurschou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40112","article-title":"Early outcomes in children with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis","volume":"69","author":"Morishita","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib99","first-page":"i104","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes of childhood-onset ANCA-associated vasculitis: a French nationwide study","volume":"30 Suppl 1","author":"Sacri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-207546","article-title":"Recommendations for the management of autoinflammatory diseases","volume":"74","author":"Ter Haar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2010.10.007","article-title":"Pharmacologic agents for pediatric neuroimmune disorders","volume":"17","author":"Golumbek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00401-9","article-title":"A\u00a0clinical approach of autoimmune encephalitis","volume":"15","author":"Graus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22075","article-title":"Brain biopsy in children with primary small-vessel central nervous system vasculitis","volume":"68","author":"Elbers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.013874","article-title":"Diagnostic yield and safety of brain biopsy for suspected primary central nervous system angiitis","volume":"47","author":"Torres","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.021878","article-title":"Treatment and long-term outcomes of primary central nervous system vasculitis","volume":"49","author":"De Boysson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.76","article-title":"Primary angiitis of the central nervous system","volume":"66","author":"Birnbaum","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e847","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005062","article-title":"Primary central nervous system vasculitis associated with lymphoma","volume":"90","author":"Salvarani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3091","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm256","article-title":"The clinical and radiological spectrum of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. A prospective series of 67 patients","volume":"130","author":"Ducros","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24652","article-title":"Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes and primary angiitis of the central nervous system: clinical, imaging, and angiographic comparison","volume":"79","author":"Singhal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63432-0.00016-5","article-title":"Central nervous system vasculitis in adults and children","volume":"133","author":"Twilt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e32833c723d","article-title":"Central nervous system vasculitis in children","volume":"22","author":"Cellucci","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2011.197","article-title":"The spectrum of CNS vasculitis in children and adults","volume":"8","author":"Twilt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70243-X","article-title":"Treatment of small vessel primary CNS vasculitis in children: an open-label cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Hutchinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib114","first-page":"142","article-title":"Small vessel-childhood primary angiitis of the central nervous system: a case report and literature review","volume":"56","author":"Deng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8027.2010.00281.x","article-title":"Peripheral Nerve Society Guideline on the classification, diagnosis, investigation, and immunosuppressive therapy of non-systemic vasculitic neuropathy: executive summary","volume":"15","author":"Collins","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Peripher Nerv Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.11.047","article-title":"Vasculitic peripheral neuropathy: case definition for collection analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data","volume":"35","author":"Hadden","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410230506","article-title":"The peripheral neuropathy of necrotizing arteritis: a clinicopathologic study","volume":"23","author":"Said","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1938.02270040011001","article-title":"A\u00a0clinicopathologic study with special reference to the nervous system","volume":"39","author":"Kernohan","year":"1938","journal-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1968.tb02424.x","article-title":"Necrotizing vasculitis without visceral involvement. Postmortem examination of three cases with affection of skeletal muscles and peripheral nerves","volume":"184","author":"Torvik","year":"1968","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/110.4.843","article-title":"Nonsystemic vasculitic neuropathy","volume":"110","author":"Dyck","year":"1987","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27240","article-title":"Clinical features and outcomes in 348 patients with polyarteritis nodosa: a systematic retrospective study of patients diagnosed between 1963 and 2005 and entered into the French Vasculitis Study Group Database","volume":"62","author":"Pagnoux","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199411243312107","article-title":"The pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"331","author":"Atkinson","year":"1994","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410340111","article-title":"Heterogeneity of autoantibodies in stiff-man syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Grimaldi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140379","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/140379","article-title":"Diabetic neuropathy: a clinical and neuropathological study of 107 patients","volume":"2010","author":"Younger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurol Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.6.1197","article-title":"Non-diabetic lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy: natural history, outcome and comparison with the diabetic variety","volume":"124","author":"Dyck","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain"}],"container-title":["Neurologic Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0733861919300143?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0733861919300143?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T10:17:00Z","timestamp":1760005020000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0733861919300143"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"references-count":125,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0733861919300143"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-8619"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0733-8619"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Treatment of Vasculitis of the Nervous System","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurologic Clinics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ncl.2019.01.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}