{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T15:33:19Z","timestamp":1793115199339,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":157,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001350","name":"Ministry of Health -Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001350","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOH-000207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOH-000207"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurologic Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T08:08:42Z","timestamp":1737533322000},"page":"185-207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Pathogenesis of Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Bin","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ZhiDong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YinXia","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eng-King","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282x20170108","article-title":"James Parkinson and his essay on \"shaking palsy\", two hundred years later","volume":"75","author":"Palacios-Sanchez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1126\/science.274.5290.1197","article-title":"Mapping of a gene for Parkinson's disease to chromosome 4q21-q23","volume":"274","author":"Polymeropoulos","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199603000-00001","article-title":"Neuropathology of Parkinson's disease","volume":"55","author":"Forno","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.14.2.223","article-title":"An essay on the shaking palsy. 1817","volume":"14","author":"Parkinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldad035","article-title":"Genetics in Parkinson's disease, state-of-the-art and future perspectives","volume":"149","author":"Trevisan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2019-322338","article-title":"Parkinson's disease: etiopathogenesis and treatment","volume":"91","author":"Jankovic","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib7","article-title":"A\u00a0pathogenic variant in RAB32 causes autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease and activates LRRK2 kinase","author":"Gustavsson","year":"2024","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-015-0254-7","article-title":"Prion-like propagation of human brain-derived alpha-synuclein in transgenic mice expressing human wild-type alpha-synuclein","volume":"3","author":"Bernis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.05.031","article-title":"Microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) influences the risk of Parkinson's disease among Indians","volume":"460","author":"Das","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.05.021","article-title":"Parkinson's disease-risk protein TMEM175 is a proton-activated proton channel in lysosomes","volume":"185","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/289728","article-title":"Synaptojanin 1 mutation in Parkinson's disease brings further insight into the neuropathological mechanisms","volume":"2014","author":"Drouet","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2014.12.014","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of the association between GAK rs1564282 C\/T polymorphism and the risk of Parkinson's disease","volume":"22","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13099","article-title":"BST1 rs4698412 allelic variant increases the risk of gait or balance deficits in patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"25","author":"Shen","year":"2019","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2021.136296","article-title":"Association of HLA-DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1 alleles and haplotype in Parkinson's disease from South India","volume":"765","author":"Pandi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib15","article-title":"Impact of environmental risk factors on mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, protein misfolding, and oxidative stress in the etiopathogenesis of Parkinson's disease","volume":"23","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2016.1239196","article-title":"Association of Parkinson's disease with hospitalization for traumatic brain injury","volume":"127","author":"Rumalla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28922","article-title":"Air pollution and the risk of Parkinson's disease: a review","volume":"37","author":"Murata","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2003.07.006","article-title":"Dose-dependent protective effect of coffee, tea, and smoking in Parkinson's disease: a study in ethnic Chinese","volume":"216","author":"Tan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib19","article-title":"Caffeine intake interacts with Asian gene variants in Parkinson's disease: a study in 4488 subjects","volume":"4","author":"Ong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2015_409","article-title":"Exercise and nutritional benefits in PD: rodent models and clinical settings","volume":"29","author":"Archer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Top Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8080911","article-title":"The therapeutic implications of tea polyphenols against dopamine (DA) neuron degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD)","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib22","first-page":"668","article-title":"[Parkinson's disease and aging.]","volume":"31","author":"Chesnokova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16466","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0407307101","article-title":"Alpha-synuclein structures from fluorescence energy-transfer kinetics: implications for the role of the protein in Parkinson's disease","volume":"101","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U\u00a0S\u00a0A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-019-0329-1","article-title":"Alpha-synuclein structure and Parkinson's disease - lessons and emerging principles","volume":"14","author":"Meade","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10324","article-title":"alpha-Synuclein occurs physiologically as a helically folded tetramer that resists aggregation","volume":"477","author":"Bartels","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2022.11.007","article-title":"alpha-Synuclein in synaptic function and dysfunction","volume":"46","author":"Sharma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-022-01140-3","article-title":"Pathological structural conversion of alpha-synuclein at the mitochondria induces neuronal toxicity","volume":"25","author":"Choi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3301","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5368-11.2012","article-title":"Accumulation of toxic alpha-synuclein oligomer within endoplasmic reticulum occurs in alpha-synucleinopathy in\u00a0vivo","volume":"32","author":"Colla","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1746","article-title":"Lewy bodies in grafted neurons in subjects with Parkinson's disease suggest host-to-graft disease propagation","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1747","article-title":"Lewy body-like pathology in long-term embryonic nigral transplants in Parkinson's disease","volume":"14","author":"Kordower","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-019-02057-1","article-title":"Alpha-synuclein: prion or prion-like?","volume":"138","author":"Leak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00109-6","article-title":"Assessment of heterogeneity among participants in the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative cohort using alpha-synuclein seed amplification: a cross-sectional study","volume":"22","author":"Siderowf","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00404-0","article-title":"A\u00a0biological classification of Parkinson's disease: the SynNeurGe research diagnostic criteria","volume":"23","author":"Hoglinger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02886-y","article-title":"Prasinezumab slows motor progression in rapidly progressing early-stage Parkinson's disease","volume":"30","author":"Pagano","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc055540","article-title":"LRRK2 G2019S as a cause of Parkinson's disease in North African arabs","volume":"354","author":"Lesage","year":"2006","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.3363","article-title":"Association of LRRK2 haplotype with age at onset in Parkinson disease","volume":"75","author":"Xiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.14492","article-title":"LRRK2 phosphorylation of Rab GTPases in Parkinson's disease","volume":"597","author":"Pfeffer","year":"2023","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3350","article-title":"Interplay of LRRK2 with chaperone-mediated autophagy","volume":"16","author":"Orenstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.abk3411","article-title":"The APP intracellular domain promotes LRRK2 expression to enable feed-forward neurodegenerative mechanisms in Parkinson's disease","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-023-00624-8","article-title":"A\u00a0potential patient stratification biomarker for Parkinson s disease based on LRRK2 kinase-mediated centrosomal alterations in peripheral blood-derived cells","volume":"10","author":"Naaldijk","year":"2024","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29297","article-title":"LRRK2 inhibition by BIIB122 in healthy participants and patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"38","author":"Jennings","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib42","article-title":"Targeting LRRK2 in Parkinson's disease","volume":"3","author":"Xiao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg136","article-title":"Parkin mutations are frequent in patients with isolated early-onset parkinsonism","volume":"126","author":"Periquet","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-020-00367-7","article-title":"PINK1 and Parkin mitochondrial quality control: a source of regional vulnerability in Parkinson's disease","volume":"15","author":"Ge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2020104705","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms and physiological functions of mitophagy","volume":"40","author":"Onishi","year":"2021","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2380","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz172","article-title":"Parkin interacting substrate zinc finger protein 746 is a pathological mediator in Parkinson's disease","volume":"142","author":"Brahmachari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aba1193","article-title":"Intracellular delivery of Parkin rescues neurons from accumulation of damaged mitochondria and pathological alpha-synuclein","volume":"6","author":"Chung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0901281","article-title":"Multicenter analysis of glucocerebrosidase mutations in Parkinson's disease","volume":"361","author":"Sidransky","year":"2009","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp044","article-title":"Glucocerebrosidase mutations in clinical and pathologically proven Parkinson's disease","volume":"132","author":"Neumann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2018.09.015","article-title":"Path mediation analysis reveals GBA impacts Lewy body disease status by increasing alpha-synuclein levels","volume":"121","author":"Gundner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab371","article-title":"Sphingolipid changes in Parkinson L444P GBA mutation fibroblasts promote alpha-synuclein aggregation","volume":"145","author":"Galvagnion","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.06.001","article-title":"Gaucher disease glucocerebrosidase and alpha-synuclein form a bidirectional pathogenic loop in synucleinopathies","volume":"146","author":"Mazzulli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-022-00397-6","article-title":"Lysosomal lipid alterations caused by glucocerebrosidase deficiency promote lysosomal dysfunction, chaperone-mediated-autophagy deficiency, and alpha-synuclein pathology","volume":"8","author":"Navarro-Romero","year":"2022","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abm6393","article-title":"Mutant glucocerebrosidase impairs alpha-synuclein degradation by blockade of chaperone-mediated autophagy","volume":"8","author":"Kuo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26166","article-title":"Lewy body-like inclusions in human midbrain organoids carrying glucocerebrosidase and alpha-synuclein mutations","volume":"90","author":"Jo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2103425118","article-title":"Wild-type GBA1 increases the alpha-synuclein tetramer-monomer ratio, reduces lipid-rich aggregates, and attenuates motor and cognitive deficits in mice","volume":"118","author":"Glajch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U\u00a0S\u00a0A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-023-01584-8","article-title":"Multi-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of Parkinson's disease","volume":"56","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2056","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28197","article-title":"The Parkinson's disease genome-wide association study locus browser","volume":"35","author":"Grenn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-020-02181-3","article-title":"Large-scale pathway specific polygenic risk and transcriptomic community network analysis identifies novel functional pathways in Parkinson disease","volume":"140","author":"Bandres-Ciga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30320-5","article-title":"Identification of novel risk loci, causal insights, and heritable risk for Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies","volume":"18","author":"Nalls","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1136\/jmedgenet-2018-105661","article-title":"Parkinson's disease GWAS-linked Park16 carriers show greater motor progression","volume":"56","author":"Deng","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2874","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15893","article-title":"Parkinson's disease genome-wide association study-linked PARK16 variant is associated with a lower risk of cognitive impairment: a 4-year observational study","volume":"30","author":"Xiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0423-2","article-title":"Lewy pathology in Parkinson's disease consists of crowded organelles and lipid membranes","volume":"22","author":"Shahmoradian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31828f180e","article-title":"The p.L302P mutation in the lysosomal enzyme gene SMPD1 is a risk factor for Parkinson disease","volume":"80","author":"Gan-Or","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002141","article-title":"Web-based genome-wide association study identifies two novel loci and a substantial genetic component for Parkinson's disease","volume":"7","author":"Do","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3472","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac176","article-title":"Lipid pathway dysfunction is prevalent in patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"145","author":"Galper","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-022-00313-y","article-title":"Lipid level alteration in human and cellular models of alpha synuclein mutations","volume":"8","author":"Avisar","year":"2022","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-022-01469-7","article-title":"Increased unsaturated lipids underlie lipid peroxidation in synucleinopathy brain","volume":"10","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)92471-2","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation as cause of nigral cell death in Parkinson's disease","volume":"2","author":"Dexter","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib70","first-page":"129","article-title":"Plasma levels of lipid peroxides in patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"13","author":"Sanyal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-022-01249-3","article-title":"Identification of essential sites of lipid peroxidation in ferroptosis","volume":"19","author":"von Krusenstiern","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3644","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.1c00478","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation products HNE and ONE promote and stabilize alpha-synuclein oligomers by chemical modifications","volume":"60","author":"Andersen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2013.07.001","article-title":"Sugar for the brain: the role of glucose in physiological and pathological brain function","volume":"36","author":"Mergenthaler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib74","article-title":"Glucose transporter 1 critically controls microglial activation through facilitating glycolysis","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.12.067","article-title":"Expression of glucose transporters in human neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"540","author":"Gluchowska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-023-00970-0","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus, prediabetes and the risk of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 cohort studies with 29.9 million participants and 86,345 cases","volume":"38","author":"Aune","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib77","first-page":"259","article-title":"High prevalence of undiagnosed insulin resistance in non-diabetic subjects with Parkinson's disease","volume":"8","author":"Hogg","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28551","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes as a determinant of Parkinson's disease risk and progression","volume":"36","author":"Chohan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-023-04771-7","article-title":"Metformin role in Parkinson's disease: a double-sword effect","volume":"479","author":"Alrouji","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3697","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-020-04494-3","article-title":"Thiazolidinedione use is associated with reduced risk of Parkinson's disease in patients with diabetes: a meta-analysis of real-world evidence","volume":"41","author":"Hussain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31585-4","article-title":"Exenatide once weekly versus placebo in Parkinson's disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"390","author":"Athauda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2312323","article-title":"Trial of lixisenatide in early Parkinson's disease","volume":"390","author":"Meissner","year":"2024","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30072-3","article-title":"MPTP-induced parkinsonism: an historical case series","volume":"17","author":"Nonnekes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/115.2.333","article-title":"Brain, skeletal muscle and platelet homogenate mitochondrial function in Parkinson's disease","volume":"115","author":"Mann","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04059-0","article-title":"Disruption of mitochondrial complex I induces progressive parkinsonism","volume":"599","author":"Gonzalez-Rodriguez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-023-00676-7","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease - a key disease hallmark with therapeutic potential","volume":"18","author":"Henrich","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24081583","article-title":"Oxidative stress: a key modulator in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"24","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2016.02.011","article-title":"Highly specific changes in antioxidant levels and lipid peroxidation in Parkinson's disease and its progression: disease and staging biomarkers and new drug targets","volume":"617","author":"de Farias","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a035212","article-title":"Calcium-handling defects and neurodegenerative disease","volume":"12","author":"Schrank","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0448-9","article-title":"Parkin and PINK1 mitigate STING-induced inflammation","volume":"561","author":"Sliter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2019.104631","article-title":"Investigation of mitochondrial biogenesis defects in single substantia nigra neurons using post-mortem human tissues","volume":"134","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-04602-5","article-title":"CHCHD2 and CHCHD10 regulate mitochondrial dynamics and integrated stress response","volume":"13","author":"Ruan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3983","article-title":"Parkinson's disease-associated mutant VPS35 causes mitochondrial dysfunction by recycling DLP1 complexes","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib94","article-title":"Ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction of neurons by biomimetic targeting nanoparticles mediated mitochondrial biogenesis to boost the therapy of Parkinson's disease","volume":"10","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13418","article-title":"The mitochondrial deubiquitinase USP30 opposes parkin-mediated mitophagy","volume":"510","author":"Bingol","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7295","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42876-1","article-title":"Knockout or inhibition of USP30 protects dopaminergic neurons in a Parkinson's disease mouse model","volume":"14","author":"Fang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4918","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32625-1","article-title":"Lysosomal exocytosis releases pathogenic alpha-synuclein species from neurons in synucleinopathy models","volume":"13","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1101738","article-title":"Impaired degradation of mutant alpha-synuclein by chaperone-mediated autophagy","volume":"305","author":"Cuervo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E9115","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1812196115","article-title":"LRRK2 and its substrate Rab GTPases are sequentially targeted onto stressed lysosomes and maintain their homeostasis","volume":"115","author":"Eguchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U\u00a0S\u00a0A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(24)00121-2","article-title":"RAB32 Ser71Arg in autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease: linkage, association, and functional analyses","volume":"23","author":"Gustavsson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adj1205","article-title":"Parkinson's VPS35[D620N] mutation induces LRRK2-mediated lysosomal association of RILPL1 and TMEM55B","volume":"9","author":"Pal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3244","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddz136","article-title":"Functionalization of the TMEM175 p.M393T variant as a risk factor for Parkinson disease","volume":"28","author":"Jinn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25629","article-title":"Genetic, structural, and functional evidence link TMEM175 to synucleinopathies","volume":"87","author":"Krohn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1817","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1305623110","article-title":"TFEB-mediated autophagy rescues midbrain dopamine neurons from alpha-synuclein toxicity","volume":"110","author":"Decressac","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U\u00a0S\u00a0A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13578","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4390-09.2009","article-title":"Beclin 1 gene transfer activates autophagy and ameliorates the neurodegenerative pathology in alpha-synuclein models of Parkinson's and Lewy body diseases","volume":"29","author":"Spencer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5206","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-49256-3","article-title":"The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway rescues lysosomal dysfunction in Parkinson's disease patient iPSC derived midbrain neurons","volume":"15","author":"Wani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4759","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48961-3","article-title":"Plasma proteomics identify biomarkers predicting Parkinson's disease up to 7 years before symptom onset","volume":"15","author":"Hallqvist","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1124\/pharmrev.122.000701","article-title":"Pharmacological regulation of endoplasmic reticulum structure and calcium dynamics: importance for neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"75","author":"Parkkinen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00697","article-title":"GRP78 level is altered in the brain, but not in plasma or cerebrospinal fluid in Parkinson's disease patients","volume":"13","author":"Baek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1326-5-56","article-title":"ER stress response plays an important role in aggregation of alpha-synuclein","volume":"5","author":"Jiang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.10.032","article-title":"Rescue of alpha-synuclein aggregation in Parkinson's patient neurons by synergistic enhancement of ER proteostasis and protein trafficking","volume":"110","author":"Stojkovska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.248534","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria signaling in neurons and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"135","author":"Markovinovic","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cell Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200608073","article-title":"Chaperone-mediated coupling of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial Ca2+ channels","volume":"175","author":"Szabadkai","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abp8701","article-title":"Ca(2+) channels couple spiking to mitochondrial metabolism in substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons","volume":"8","author":"Zampese","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00595","article-title":"Mitochondria-associated ER membranes - the origin site of autophagy","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-017-1704-z","article-title":"alpha-Synuclein binds to the ER-mitochondria tethering protein VAPB to disrupt Ca(2+) homeostasis and mitochondrial ATP production","volume":"134","author":"Paillusson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25322","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1906565116","article-title":"DJ-1 regulates the integrity and function of ER-mitochondria association through interaction with IP3R3-Grp75-VDAC1","volume":"116","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U\u00a0S\u00a0A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25486","article-title":"Mitochondria-lysosome contacts regulate mitochondrial fission via RAB7 GTP hydrolysis","volume":"554","author":"Wong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2022.01.005","article-title":"Mitochondria-lysosome contact site dynamics and misregulation in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"45","author":"Cisneros","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4303","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31970-5","article-title":"Light-activated mitochondrial fission through optogenetic control of mitochondria-lysosome contacts","volume":"13","author":"Qiu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.202206140","article-title":"Mid51\/Fis1 mitochondrial oligomerization complex drives lysosomal untethering and network dynamics","volume":"221","author":"Wong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22113-3","article-title":"Dysregulation of mitochondria-lysosome contacts by GBA1 dysfunction in dopaminergic neuronal models of Parkinson's disease","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadh3347","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adh3347","article-title":"Parkin regulates amino acid homeostasis at mitochondria-lysosome (M\/L) contact sites in Parkinson's disease","volume":"9","author":"Peng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-023-00378-6","article-title":"Role of dopamine in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2849","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.8b00276","article-title":"Dopamine oxidation products as mitochondrial endotoxins, a potential molecular mechanism for preferential neurodegeneration in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"9","author":"Biosa","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam9080","article-title":"Dopamine oxidation mediates mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction in Parkinson's disease","volume":"357","author":"Burbulla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science (New York, N.Y.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/920953","article-title":"Dopamine oxidation and autophagy","author":"Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parkinson's Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2013.12.015","article-title":"Mutant PINK1 upregulates tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine levels, leading to vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons","volume":"68","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Free Radical Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04574-x","article-title":"The role of tyrosine hydroxylase\u2013dopamine pathway in Parkinson\u2019s disease pathogenesis","volume":"79","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1314","article-title":"Dopamine covalently modifies and functionally inactivates parkin","volume":"11","author":"LaVoie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-021-02285-4","article-title":"Age-associated insolubility of parkin in human midbrain is linked to redox balance and sequestration of reactive dopamine metabolites","volume":"141","author":"Tokarew","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18738","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.311589","article-title":"Dopamine-derived quinones affect the structure of the redox sensor DJ-1 through modifications at Cys-106 and Cys-53","volume":"287","author":"Girotto","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1171-z","article-title":"Lewy body-like alpha-synuclein inclusions trigger reactive microgliosis prior to nigral degeneration","volume":"15","author":"Duffy","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1528-y","article-title":"Altered gut microbiota and inflammatory cytokine responses in patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"16","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1664","article-title":"Interleukin-1 and neuronal injury","volume":"5","author":"Allan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz104","article-title":"Temporal evolution of microglia and alpha-synuclein accumulation following foetal grafting in Parkinson's disease","volume":"142","author":"Olanow","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9592","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5610-12.2013","article-title":"MHCII is required for alpha-synuclein-induced activation of microglia, CD4 T\u00a0cell proliferation, and dopaminergic neurodegeneration","volume":"33","author":"Harms","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1286-2","article-title":"Targeting of the class II transactivator attenuates inflammation and neurodegeneration in an alpha-synuclein model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"15","author":"Williams","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-018-1709-7","article-title":"Antigen-presenting cell diversity for T\u00a0cell reactivation in central nervous system autoimmunity","volume":"96","author":"Waisman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Mol Med (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2010.07.001","article-title":"Astrocytes and therapeutics for Parkinson's disease","volume":"7","author":"Rappold","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28393","article-title":"Oligodendrocytes, a new player in the etiology of Parkinson's disease","volume":"36","author":"Errea","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.5607\/en.2018.27.2.77","article-title":"Astrocytes, microglia, and Parkinson's disease","volume":"27","author":"Joe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-024-01128-z","article-title":"Transcriptomic changes in oligodendrocytes and precursor cells associate with clinical outcomes of Parkinson's disease","volume":"17","author":"Dehestani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Brain"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-0344-4","article-title":"Parkinson disease and the immune system - associations, mechanisms and therapeutics","volume":"16","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.573696","article-title":"Alpha synuclein connects the gut-brain Axis in Parkinson's disease patients - a view on clinical aspects, cellular pathology and analytical methodology","volume":"8","author":"Schaeffer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-021-00808-2","article-title":"Gut brain axis: an insight into microbiota role in Parkinson's disease","volume":"36","author":"Moustafa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16132041","article-title":"Gut-brain Axis in focus: polyphenols, microbiota, and their influence on alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's disease","volume":"16","author":"Riegelman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00870","article-title":"Monocyte function in Parkinson's disease and the impact of autologous serum on phagocytosis","volume":"9","author":"Wijeyekoon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-017-2988-4","article-title":"The correlation of lymphocyte subsets, natural killer cell, and Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22815","article-title":"T\u00a0cells from patients with Parkinson's disease recognize alpha-synuclein peptides","volume":"546","author":"Sulzer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15626-w","article-title":"alpha-Synuclein-specific T\u00a0cell reactivity is associated with preclinical and early Parkinson's disease","volume":"11","author":"Lindestam Arlehamn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-022-00282-2","article-title":"Transcriptional analysis of peripheral memory T\u00a0cells reveals Parkinson's disease-specific gene signatures","volume":"8","author":"Dhanwani","year":"2022","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1248-8","article-title":"Parkinson's disease patients have a complex phenotypic and functional Th1 bias: cross-sectional studies of CD4+ Th1\/Th2\/T17 and Treg in drug-naive and drug-treated patients","volume":"15","author":"Kustrimovic","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2018.06.015","article-title":"Th17 lymphocytes induce neuronal cell death in a human iPSC-based model of Parkinson's disease","volume":"23","author":"Sommer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.04365.x","article-title":"Autoantibodies to alpha-synuclein in inherited Parkinson's disease","volume":"101","author":"Papachroni","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2009.03.002","article-title":"Anti-melanin antibodies are increased in sera in Parkinson's disease","volume":"217","author":"Double","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018513","article-title":"alpha-synuclein reactive antibodies as diagnostic biomarkers in blood sera of Parkinson's disease patients","volume":"6","author":"Yanamandra","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Neurologic Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0733861924000987?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0733861924000987?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T02:19:22Z","timestamp":1762309162000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0733861924000987"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":157,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0733861924000987"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0733-8619"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0733-8619","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pathogenesis of Parkinson\u2019s Disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurologic Clinics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ncl.2024.12.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}